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The Index of Refraction for Common Substances. Air. 1.00. Alcohol. 1.36. Corn Oil. 1.47. Diamond. 2.42. Glass, Crown. 1.
Physics Reference Tables Physical Constant
Symbol
Acceleration due to gravity on Earth
g
9.8 m / s / s
Coulomb’s law constant
k
2 9.0 10 9 Nm2 C
Elementary charge
e
1.6 10 19 C
Electron rest mass
me
Gravitational constant
G
mp
Proton rest mass Speed of light in a vacuum Speed of sound in air at STP
c
Value
9.11 10 31 kg 2 6.67 10 11 Nm2 kg
1.67 10 27 kg 3.00 10 8 m / s
331 m / s
The Index of Refraction for Common Substances Air
1.00
Alcohol
1.36
Corn Oil
1.47
Diamond
2.42
Glass, Crown
1.52
Glass, Flint
1.61
Glycerol
1.47
Quartz, Fused
1.46
Water
1.33
NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (2012) Version 2 Stock No. 14156
Page 1
Mechanics
Energy
F = force x v t x f x i vt
x f x i v i t 1 at 2 2
a = uniform acceleration ac = centripetal
acceleration
v f2 v i2 2ax F = ma
Fg = mg F
Gm1m2 r2
p = mv J F t 2
ac vr
2 Fc mv r
P W Fv t
F = force Fc = centripetal force
a v t
W F x
Fg = weight g = acceleration due to gravity on Earth G = gravitational constant J = impulse
PE g mgh KE 1 mv 2 2
g = acceleration due to gravity on Earth h = height k = spring constant KE = kinetic energy m = mass P = power PE g = gravitational
F kx
PE s 1 kx 2 2
potential energy PE s = potential energy stored in a spring
m = mass
t = time
p = momentum
v = velocity
r = radius or distance between centers
W = work x = position
t = time v = velocity
x = position
NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (2012) Version 2
Page 2
Electricity
F
kq1q2 r2
V IR
P VI I 2R V R
d = distance between parallel plates
Series Circuits
Ee = electrical energy
I t I1 I 2 I 3 ...
E = electric field strength
Vt V1 V2 V3 ...
F = force 2
Req R1 R2 R3 ...
I = current k = Coulomb’s law constant Parallel Circuits
Ee Pt
P = power p = transformer primary coil
F kq E e 2 q r
V
kq r
E V d
q = charge r = radius or distance between centers
I t I1 I 2 I 3 ... Vt V1 V2 V3 ... 1 1 1 1 ... R eq R1 R2 R3
R = resistance s = transformer secondary coil V = electrical potential or potential difference
VpIp VsIs
NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (2012) Version 2
Page 3
Mathematical Formulas
a
c
b
Wave Phenomena
a2 b 2 c 2
T 1 f
c = speed of light in a vacuum
sin a c
v f
f = frequency
cos b c
n c v
n = index of refraction T = period
tan a b
n1 sin 1 n2 sin 2 sin c
Circumference of a circle = 2 r Area of a rectangle = length width Area of a triangle = 1 base height 2
v = speed
n2 n1
angle
c critical angle of incidence
n1v 1 n2v 2
= wavelength
Electromagnetic Spectrum (measurement in meters) 104 103 102 101 100 10–1 10–2 10–3 10–4 10–5 10–6 10–7 10–8 10–9 10–1010–1110–12 10–13 X rays
Microwaves Infrared
Ultraviolet Gamma rays
Radio waves
Longer Wavelength
Red
Orange
Visible Light Yellow
Green
Blue
Shorter Wavelength
Violet
7.0 ´ 10 –7 6.5 ´ 10 –7 5.9 ´ 10 –7 5.7 ´ 10–7 4.9 ´ 10 –7 4.2 ´ 10 –7 4.0 ´ 10–7
NCDPI Reference Tables for Physics (2012) Version 2
Page 4
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