saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtebze `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb ...

saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtebze `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, `saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis Sedegebi da saerTaSoriso praqtikis mimoxilva ivnisi, 2007 weli

1.1. fokus jgufebis analizi1 2007 wlis ivnisSi `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom, `Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos~ finansuri mxardaWeriT, quTaisSi Caatara fokus jgufi saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtebze `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, `saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ da „saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~. Sexvedrebs eswrebodnen adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis, imereTis regionis Zalovani struqturebis, kerZo advokaturis, arasamTavrobo seqtoris da maJoritari deputatebis raionuli ofisebis warmomadgenlebi da sxva dainteresebuli pirebi. sul ganxilvebSi monawileoba miiRo 35-ma adamianma.

fokus jgufebis monawileebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi kanonproeqtis dadebiTi mxareebi

Sexvedrebis monawileebma dadebiTad Seafases warmodgenili kanonproeqtebis ZiriTadi mizani (rogorc es ganmartebiT baraTSi iyo miTiTebuli) _ sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis ganmtkiceba, sasamarTlos saqmianobaSi Caurevloba da efeqturi da miukerZoebeli marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba. pozitiurad Sefasda aseve: 1

fokus jgufebis angariSi asaxavs mxolod monawileTa Sexedulebebs da SesaZloa, ar emTxveodes `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelos~ da `Sveicariis ganviTarebis da TanamSromlobis saagentos~ mosazrebebs.

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(a) `saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ kanonproeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli siaxle, ufro detalurad ganisazRvros saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTlis disciplinuri gadacdomis saxeebi. (b) veneciis komisiis daskvnis gaTvaliswineba, kerZod, mosamarTlis mier sakuTar rwmenaze dayrdnobiT kanonis interpretaciisa da kanonis darRvevis cnebebis gamijvna; imis dadgena, rom kanonis araswori ganmarteba, romelsac safuZvlad udevs mosamarTlis Sinagani rwmena, ar warmoadgens disciplinur gadacdomas da aRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis mosamarTles ar ekisreba disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba. (g) veneciis komisiis komentaris gaziareba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mosamarTlisaTvis wayenebuli disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis zoma Cadenili gadacdomis proporciuli unda iyos. aseve, im muxlis damateba, romelic akonkretebs, romeli gadacdomisaTvis ra saxis saxdeli gamoiyeneba. (d) mosamarTlis gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebis axleburad Camoyalibeba, romlis Tanaxmadac, gaTavisuflebis gadawyvetilebis miReba ar unda xdebodes avtomatur reJimSi da misi safuZveli unda iyos mxolod iseTi saxis (mZime) gadacdoma, riTac arsebiTi ziani miadga (an SeiZleboda midgomoda) procesis monawilis, mesame piris kanonier uflebebsa da interesebs, an sajaro interesebs. mTlianobaSi, aRiniSna, rom axali kanonis proeqti, arsebulTan SedarebiT, ufro qmedunariania da masSi ukeT aris gawerili mosamarTleTa disciplinuri gadacdomis regulirebis meqanizmebi. monawileTa umravlesobam yvelaze mniSvnelovan cvlilebad miiCnia veneciis komisiis rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswineba da dadebiTad Seafasa saqarTvelos kanonis debulebebis evropisa da saerTaSoriso standartebTan harmonizaciis mcdeloba. kanonproeqtebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi

dadebiT mxareebTan erTad, fokus jgufebSi saubari iyo kanonproeqtebis naklovanebebzec. monawileebi ukmayofilebas, ZiriTadad, Semdeg sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi gamoTqvamdnen: -

kanonproeqti `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organul kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze

proeqtis mixedviT: `sasamarTlos SenobaSi, aseve sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi saqmis ganxilvis foto-, kino-, videogadaReba da audioCawera dauSvebelia, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac aRniSnuli xorcieldeba sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gaavrcelos mis xelT arsebuli sasamarTlo procesis foto-, kino-, vodeogadaRebis da audioCaweris masalebi, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons~.

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Sexvedris monawileebi iziareben im saerTo azrs, rom sasamarTlo unda warmoadgendes qveyanaSi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisa da samarTlianobis garants, unda iyos damoukidebeli Tavis saqmianobaSi da gadawyvetilebas iRebdes mxolod kanonis safuZvelze da mis Sesabamisad, Tumca, maTi azriT, zemoT miTiTebuli cvlileba araTu xels Seuwyobs sasamarTlos, rogorc damoukidebeli institutis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebas, aramed piriqiT, gamoiwvevs sazogadoebis mxridan misdami undoblobis xarisxis kidev ufro zrdas. monawileebma aRniSnes, rom ukanasknel periodSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma cxadyo sazogadoebis daintereseba sasamarTloebis saqmianobis mimarT. Sesabamisad, gamokiTxulTa umravlesobis azriT, sasamarTlo procesebis sajarooba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre imis SiSi (SesaZloa, usafuZvloc), foto- da videogadaRebebma SesaZloa, fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba moaxdinos mosamarTleebze da xeli SeuSalos maTi mxridan saqmis srulyofil da obieqtur Seswavlas. xazi gaesva imasac, 2006 wels miRebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad, sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi sakmaod gamkacrda is sanqciebi, romlebic sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas wesrigis darRvevas exeba da amdenad, es sakiTxi sakmarisad aris daregulirebuli. Sexvedrebis monawileebis azriT, gadaRebebis akrZalvebiT mosamarTleebis miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofaze aranakleb mniSvnelovania dakavebulTa uflebebze zrunva da udanaSaulobis prezumpciis dacva _ rodesac sainformacio saSualebebiT pirebis ayvanisas an gamoZiebis dasrulebamde xdeba sazogadoebis informireba dakavebulis mier Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb, es garkveulwilad gavlenas axdens rogorc gamoZiebaze, aseve laxavs dakavebulis uflebebs. garda amisa, gamokiTxulebma aRniSnes, rom proeqts ar axlavs finansuri dasabuTeba miuxedavad imisa, rom misi amoqmedeba aucileblad iqoniebs gavlenas biujetis xarjviT nawilze, vinaidan sasamarTloebis mier yvela video da audioCanaweris gadaReba da gavrceleba dakavSirebuli iqneba damatebiT xarjebTan. -

kanonproeqti `sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi~ cvlilebis Setanis Sesaxeb

kanonproeqtiT cvlileba Sedis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi, kerZod, uqmdeba kodeqsis is muxli, romelic gansazRvravs sisxlissmarTlebriv pasuximgeblobas ukanono ganaCenis an sxva aramarTlzomieri sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis. Sexvedris monawileTa azriT, proeqtis avtorTa argumentacia imis Taobaze, rom aRniSnuli cvlileba xels Seuwyobs sasamarTlos damoukideblobis ganmtkicebas, ar Seesabameba realobas. maTi TqmiT, sisxlissamaraTlebrivi devnis dawyebis gauqmeba ukanono ganaCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs kanonis Tanasworobas da mis uzenaesobas, rac ZiriTad amosaval wertilad unda iTvlebodes rogorc rigiTi moqalaqis, ise kanonis uzenaesobis damcvelisTvis – mosamarTlisTvis. 3

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kanonproeqti `saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuximgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze

kanonproeqtSi Cadebulia mosamarTleTa disciplinuri gadacdomis saxeebis definicia, dakonkretebulia saxdelis zoma TiToeuli gadacdomisaTvis da axleburad aris Camoyalibebuli mosamarTleTa gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebi. Sexvedrebis monawileebma aRniSnes, rom winamdebare kanonproeqti metnaklebad misaRebia imdenad, ramdenadac masSi moyvanili TiTqmis yvela cvlileba gamyarebulia realuri argumentaciiT. Aamis miuxedavad, maTTvis gaugebaria, yovelgvari dasabuTebis gverdis avliT, gadacdomis saxeebidan iseTi mniSvnelovani punqtis gauqmeba, rogoricaa mosamarTlis mier `kanonis araerTgzis darRveva~. Sexvedraze dafiqsirda azri, rom sasamarTlo sistemisadmi sazogadoebrivi ndobis erT-erT winapirobad unda moiazrebodes Tavad sasamarTlos, rogorc Ria, sajaro da kanonis uzenaesobis damcveli struqturis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba. mosamarTleTa dausjelobis normatiulad gamyareba xels ver Seuwyobs proeqtis mTavar arss, ganmtkicdes sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da sasamarTlos saqmianobaSi Caurevlobis principebi.

1.2. saerTaSoriso gamocdileba mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobasTan mimarTebaSi mocemul analizSi mimoxilulia saerTaSoriso gamocdileba e.w. sasamarTlo imunitetisa da mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi. gaanalizebulia ganviTarebul qveynebSi (aSS, germania, safrangeTi) arsebuli praqtika da evrogaerTianebis wevri aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis gamocdileba. mosamarTlis damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori e.w. sasamarTlo imunitetia. aRniSnuli termini moicavs mosamarTlis dacvis garantiebs da meqanizmebs mis winaaRmdeg arsebuli saCivrebisa Tu sarCelebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. sasamarTlo imunitetis ZiriTadi mizania, xeli Seuwyos mosamarTles, miiRos samarTliani da kanonieri gadawyvetilebebi, Tumca sasamarTlo imunitetis klasikuri ganmarteba moicavs mxolod imunitets samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobaze da is mosamarTles ar aTavisuflebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisgan. aSS-Si, iseve rogorc msoflios mravali sxva civilizebuli qveynis samarTlebriv sistemebSi, sasamarTlo imuniteti gulisxmobs mosamarTlis xelSeuxeblobas samoqalaqo saqmeebze. aSS-s arcerTi Statis kanonmdebloba mosamarTles ar aTavisuflebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan (rogorc mosamarTlis mier ganxilul saqmesTan dakavSirebul sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, aseve, zogadad, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas mosamarTlis, rogorc Cveulebrivi moqalaqis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis). 4

aSS-s federaluri kanonmdebloba, kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 73-e Tavis kanonis uzenaesobis muxlebi vrceldeba nebismier kanondamrRvevze imisda miuxedavad, es piri rigiTi moqalaqea, Tu mosamarTle. am kodeqsiT, iseve rogorc sxva federaluri sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT, sisxlis samarTlis imuniteti mosamarTlisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris. germaniSi mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgeblobis sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva. sasamarTlo imunitetidan mTlianad aris amoRebuli mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba. germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 30-e Tavi, romelic samoxeleo danaSaulebs saxelmwifo moxelisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli dispoziciisgan damoukideblad aregulirebs, adgens mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas qrTamis aRebis, qrTamis micemis, upiratesobis miniWebis SemTxvevebSi (331-335 muxlebi) da Sesabamisad, msgavsi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs ufro mkacr sancqiebs. magaliTisaTvis, germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 332-e muxlis me-2 punqtis mixedviT, mosamarTle an arbitri, romelmac moiTxova, piroba misca, TviTon an mesame pirisTvis miiRo upiratesoba awmyoSi an momavalSi sasamarTlo aqtis gamotanis sanacvlod, riTac daarRvia an daarRvevs mis sasamarlo valdebulebebs, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erTidan 10 wlamde; naklebad mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi _ 6 Tvidan 5 wlamde. mniSvnelovania isic, rom uflebamosilebis Sesrulebisgan Tavis arideba gaTanabrebulia zemoT aRniSnul danaSaulebTan. safrangeTSi, iseve rogorc germaniaSi, mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi mkacrad aris reglamentirebuli. safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi gancalkevebulad aregulirebs mosamarTlis mier ukanono gadawyvetilebis gamotanis SemTxvevebs. sainteresoa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 434-7-1 muxli: mosamarTlis, an sasamarTlos sxva wevris, an sasamarTlo administraciis mier kanonis aRsrulebisaTvis xelis SeSla, an aRsrulebaze uaris Tqma, zemdgomi instanciis gafrTxilebis miuxedavad, isjeba 7 500 evroTi da sajaro Tanamdebobis dakavebis akZalviT vadiT 5-dan 20 wlamde. safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqSi calke muxliT aris daregulirebuli mosamarTlis, an msajulis mier qrTamis, an raime upiretesobis miRebis sanacvlod, ukanono gadawyvetilebis gamotana, an gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis arideba. aRniSnuli qmedebebi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 434-9 muxliT isjeba 10 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiTa da 150 aTasi evroTi (orive zoma gamoiyeneba erTad). zemoT ganxiluli dasavleT evropis qveynebis mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis identuri praqtikaa aRmosavleT evropis evrogaerTianebis axal wevr qveynebSic, kerZod, bulgareTSi, sloveniaSi, estoneTSi da latviaSi.

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bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 294-e muxli iTvaliswinebs mosamarTlis, ukanono gadawyvetilebisaTvis prokurorisa da gamomZieblis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas. sanqciis nawilSi gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT 2-dan 8 wlamde. sloveniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 360-e muxliT mosamarTle, prokurori an misi moadgile isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 6 Tvidan 5 wlamde, Tu samarTalwarmoebis dros, upiratesobis miRebis an zianis miyenebis mizniT, gamoscems ukanono aqts, an sxvagvarad daarRvevs kanons. gansakuTrebuli skurpulozurobiT gamoirCeva latviis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas mosamarTlesa da gamomZieblisaTvis sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulTa Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa: - ukanono gadawyvetilebis/ganaCenis gamotana (muxli 191); - nivTmtkicebulebebis gayalbeba (muxli 289); - winaswarganzraxviT udanaSaulo pirovnebis pasuxismgeblobaSi micema (muxli 290); - pirovnebis ukanonod dakaveba (muxli 292); - sagamoZiebo procesSi ukanono Careva (muxli 294). dawesebuli sanqciebi sakmaod mkacria da zemoT mocemuli dispoziciebis mixedviT iTvaliswinebs 3 Tvidan 10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. estoneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi mosamarTlis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi calke, damoukidebeli muxliT regulirdeba. 311-e muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom mosamarTle, romelic winaswarSecnobiT gamoitans ukanono gadawyvetilebas an ganCinebas isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 5-dan 10 wlamde. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis mimoxilvisas gamoyenebuli wyaroebi: eleqtronuli enciklopedia – `vikipedia~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_immunity aSS-s federaluri sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode18/usc_sup_01_18_10_I_20_73.html los anjelesis iuridiuli Jurnali http://www.redressinc.org/ImmunityStill.html germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StGB.htm safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_penal_textA.htm#SECTION%20VII.%20?% 20USURPATION%20OF%20OFFICE bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/d7/8d/c1519b43d701a2f3976b312d2993.pdf 6

sloveniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/dc/a9/576c23dc41967e427086bf4c2b45.pdf latviis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/c3/84/4dec8cf259653bc629bb4ff390d0.htm estoneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=112&lid=2253&less=false

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