Simplifying Radical Expressions

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Chapter 9: Quadratic Functions click here ... Radical: square roots and higher roots ... 4 ·. 316. 316. 48. ⋅. = ⋅. = 3. ○ Leave irrational part of root under radical.
Chapter 9: Quadratic Functions

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Simplifying Radical Expressions

z

Radical: square roots and higher roots Shorthand method of writing roots

z

Some roots are ‘rational’ rational

z

Some roots are ‘irrational’

z

• Use fractional exponent p • Not necessarily a fractional value of exponent • Can be written as a ratio: exact value • Can onlyy be written exact in ‘root’ form

Square Roots z z z z z z

Radical Sign: 9 number is radicand Entire expression is the radical Has a value: this one’s value is 3 3 is the principal square root of 9 The square roots of 9 include —3 3 also

√2x+5 z z

z

2 +5 2x

Also a radical expression Radicand is a binomial

• Composed p of 2 terms • Separated by addition

Important to recognize it is binomial binomial, not factors

Irrational square roots: √48 z z z

z

Calculator says 6.92820323 Not exact value! We won won’tt use these approximations approximations, except to verify our simplified versions W will We ill llearn method th d tto simplify i lif iirrational ti l roots

Simplify square root: √36

36

z z z z z

36 = 6 Factor 36 = 9 · 4

36 = 9 ⋅ 4 = 9 ⋅ 4 =3·2=6 Apply factor method to irrational roots

Simplify square root: √48 48 48 z z z z z

≈ 6.92820323 48= 16 · 3

48

48 = 16 ⋅ 3 = 16 ⋅ 3

=4· 3 Leave irrational part of root under radical sign g

Simplify square root: √72 72 z z z z z

72 ≈ 8.485281374 not the answer! 72 = 36 · 2

72 = 36 ⋅ 2 = 36 ⋅ 2

= 6 · √2 Leave irrational part of root under radical sign g

Simplify square root: √72 72 z

72 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3

z

Prime factors of 72

z z z

72 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 = 2·3 2 =6 2

Square root of quotient (division, fraction)

4 16 16 = = 49 49 7

Square root of quotient (division, fraction)

5 = 9

5 5 = 3 9

Not simplified, because a fraction is under the radical sign

Square root of quotient (division, fraction)

50 = 81

25⋅ 2 5 2 = 9⋅9 9

Not simplified, because a fraction is under the radical sign

Square root of quotient (division, fraction)

7 = 3

7 7 3 7 ⋅3 21 = ⋅ = = 3 3 3 3 3⋅3

Not simplified, because a fraction is under the radical sign Also not simplified because there is a radical in the denominator

Square root of quotient (division, fraction)

3 = 20

3 3 5 3⋅ 5 15 = ⋅ = = 4 ⋅ 5 2 5 5 2 5 ⋅ 5 10

Not simplified, because a fraction is under the radical sign Also not simplified because there is a radical in the denominator

Simplifying a radical quotient z

Note numerator is binomial

6+3 2 6 3 2 1 2 2 2 2+ 2 = + = + = + = 12 12 12 2 4 4 4 4 z z z

FIRST write each term of numerator over the denominator!! Reduce each fraction Can then rewrite over single denominator if you choose: doesn’t really matter

Simplifying a radical quotient 8 − 28 8 28 4 4⋅7 4 2 7 = − = − = − 10 10 10 5 10 5 10 4 7 4− 7 = − = 5 5 5 z FIRST write each term of numerator over th d the denominator!! i t !! z Reduce each fraction and simplify p y radical z Can then rewrite over single denominator if you choose: doesn’t doesn t really matter

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