souvenir

SOUVENIR OF 1stINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW HORIZONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

(NHPBMS-2013)

Jointly Organized by: SHEETAL LIFE SCIENCES (P) LTD., DEHRADUN

AND SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND BIOTECH.

A BRIEF ABOUT ORGANIZING COMMITTEES Patron in Chief Sh. Durga Prasad Verma, Chairman, SGI, Dehradun (U.K) Patron Sh. Dheerendra Kumar, Chairman, Society of Environment, Health & Biotech. Convener Dr. Kuldeep Arya, Managing Director, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Chairman of Scientific Conmmitee & Organizing Secretary Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist (R&D), SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Joint Organizing Secretaries Mr. Vinay Gupta, Lab Analyst, FICCI Research Laboratory, New Delhi Ms. Sonali Rani, General Manager, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Ms. Sneha Kelkar, Microbiologist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Mr. Pradeep Tiwari, Research Associate, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Registration Committee Ms. Yogita Bassoya Ms. Jyoti Juyal Mr. Vinay Gupta Editorial Committee Mrs. Monika Sabharwal, Managing Editor, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR) Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Transport Committee Mr. Rahul, Admin., SGI, Dehradun (U.K) Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Asst. Professor, Uttaranchal Dental College, Dehradun (U.K)

Accomodation Committee Mr. Rahul, Admin. Manager, SGI, Dehradun (U.K) Mr. Junaid Alam Mr. Pradeep Tiwari Ms. Jyoti Juyal Ms. Sneha Kelkar Ms. Sonali Rani Food Committee Mr. Vinay Gupta Mr. Pradeep Babu Mr. Yateesh Gupta Reception Committee Ms. Yogita Bassoya Ms. Ruchi Bassoya Inaugration and Cultural Program Committee Mrs. Neelam Bamola Ms. Yogita Bassoya Ms. Manisha Rani Ms. Preeti Singh Anchoring/Stage Committee Ms. Manisha Rawat Ms. Momita Panda Discipline Committee Mr. Keshav Bassoya Mr. Priyesh Ankit Tirkey

Technical Session/Oral/Poster Presentation Committee Dr. Firoz Anwar, Dean, Dept. of Pharmacy, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K) Mr. Junaid Alam Ms. Sneha Kelkar Ms. Sonali Rani

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

• Prof. G.B.K.S. Prasad, Coordinator and Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P), India • Prof.

Neelam

Mishra,

Head,

Dept.

of

Chemical

Sciences

(Biochemistry), Crescent University, Nigeria. • Prof. Meenu Rai, Principal, College of Life Sciences, CHRI, Gwalior (M.P), India. • Dr. Jonas Contiero, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sauo Paulo University, Brazil. • Dr. Kunjupillai Vijayan, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan • Dr. S.A. Salgare, Director, Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Maharashtra, India. • Dr. J.K. Saxena, Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, CDRI, Lucknow (U.P), India.

KEY NOTE LECTURE

IJPSR, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, JANUARY 12-13, 2013

ISSN: 0975-8232

(Conference Proceedings are also available online at www.ijpsr.com)

Antiprotozoal and anti-malarial activities of traditional medicinal plants from the Garhwal region of UttarakhandState, India Virendra K. Dua* *Scientist-G (Director Grade) & Officer Incharge, National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Hardwar-249403, India Email:[email protected]

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against protozoan parasites, we have

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carried out an ethnophamocological study to evaluate extracts from selected 18 traditional medicinal plants which were used by healers from the Garhwal region of North West Himalaya for the treatment of protozoal infections and fever including malaria. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of 72 extracts obtained from different plant parts of eighteen plants using solvent partitioning were evaluated against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum, trypomastigotes of Trypanosomabruceirhodesiense, intracellular amastigotes ofTrypanosomacruziand amastigotes of Leishmaniadonovani. Cytotoxicity was assessed using rat skeletal myoblasts (L-6 cells). The 4-day test for anti-malarial activity against a chloroquine sensitive Plasmodiumberghei NK65 strain in Swiss albino mice was used for monitoring in vivo activity of plant extracts. Extracts of Andrographispaniculata, Artemisia roxburghiana, Royleacinerea, Leucascephalotes, Nepetahindostana and Viola canescens showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 5µg/ml). The extract HA-2 showed in vitro anti-plasmodial activity with its IC50 value 5.5 µg/ml using pLDH assay and ED50 value 18.29 mg/kg in P. berghei infected Swiss albino mice. Similarly petroleum ether extract of V. canescense (VC-1) showed in vitro anti-plasmodial activity with its IC50 value 2.76 µg/ml using pLDH assay and ED50 15.8 mg/kg in P. berghei infected mice. The extracts coded as HA-2 at 30 mg/kg and VC-1 at 20 mg/kg exhibited parasite inhibition in mice: 73.2% and 63.0% respectively. Of these two plants, petroleum ether extract of V. canescense was found slightly cytotoxic.In vitro study revealed that compound 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8 dimethoxy-xanthone possessed substantial anti-plasmodial activity against P. falciparum with its IC50 value of 4 µg ml-1. In vivo antimalarial sensitivity test of this compound on Swiss Albino mice with P. berghei infection using Peters’ 4 day test gave substantial reduction (62%) in parasitameia after treating the mice with 30 mg/kg-1 dose. In vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells revealed that 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8 dimethoxy-xanthone is non-cytotoxic with its IC50> 32 µg ml-1.These results support investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antiprotozoal agents. On the other hand since herbalism has become the main stream throughout the world, investigation demonstrates that these non-polar plant extracts of six of the plants examined in this study could play an important role in herbal formulations for the treatment of vector borne protozoal diseases.

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1 International Conference on New Horizons in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, (NHPBMS-2013), in association with International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR).

INVITED LECTURES


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Diversity of Fungi as Human Pathogen P.N. Chowdhry*, Suman Gupta and Nidhi Anand *Director, National Center of Fungal Taxonomy, E.G 49, III floor, Inderpuri, Behind IARI, New Delhi-110 012, India Email:[email protected]

Fungi live

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everywhere - in the air, in water, on land, in soil, and in and on plants and animals. Some fungi are microscopic as well as macroscopic. Microscopic infected people, animals & plants. Human pathogenic fungi cause invasive diseases, pose a serious and growing health problem and are a major cause of death worldwide. They thrive in moist, warm areas, such as locker rooms, tanning beds, swimming pools and in skin folds. It can be spread by sharing sport goods, towels and clothing. However, superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries including India, where heat and moisture play an important role in promoting of anthropophilic dermatophytes and tends to get worse during summer, with symptoms alleviating during the winter. Such infections are restricted to human and produce a mild, chronic inflammation and are popularly known as ringworm or tinea. Toe-nail or fingernail infections are known as Onychomycosis. Animals such as dogs and cats can also be affected by ringworm and the disease can be transmitted between animals and humans (Zoonotic disease). Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues but colonize the outer layer of the skin. Occasionally the organisms do invade subcutaneous tissues resulting in kerion development of ringworm symptoms. Ringworm should not to be confused with Roundworm, Pinworm or Hookworm. These symptoms a number of different species of Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermatophyton are proved most common causative agents. Such fungi attack various parts of the body and lead to Dermatophytosis as Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) effects on the feet; Tinea unguium on the fingernails and toenails; Tinea corporis a the arms, legs and trunk, Tinea cruris (jock itch) groin area; Tinea manuum hands and palm area,Tinea capitis the scalp, Tinea barbae affects facial hair; Tinea faciei (face fungus) the face. The other superficial mycoses (not classic ringworm or dermatophytes) are Tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur; Tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii. The frequency of fungal infection on human body is recorded worldwide to the extent of 76%. Out of which the involvement of Trichophyton rubrum is 27%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes 7%, Trichophyton verrucosum and T. tonsurans 3%. While, infrequently (less than 1%) recorded species are Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. canis, M. equinum, M. nanum, M. versicolor, Trichophyton equinum, T. kanei, T. raubitschekii and T. violaceum. They are common in most adult people, with up to 20 percent of the population having one of these infections at any given moment.

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Green Chemistry: A New Philosophy to pursue Research in the Field of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences S.K. Sharma* *Professor, Department of Chemistry | JECRC University, Jaipur, India Series Editor, Green Chemistry for Sustainability | Springer, UK E-mail: [email protected]

Population explosion and continuous over exploitation of natural resources is the biggest threat to the

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sustainability of Environment. Researchers doing research in Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical sciences worldwide are working hard to address this challenge with their findings and the solution is Green Chemistry (GC). GC is more than two decades old philosophy; which is now in the front line of Chemistry related research and publications worldwide. Inventors of 12 principals of Green Chemistry Paul Anstas and John Warner will be always known jointly as fathers of this „New way of thinking Chemistry‟. People are now becoming more and more familiar with this new stream, much interested to know more about it and trying to correlate their researches with GC‟s principals to make it more sustainable and eco-friendly. Many international organizations including American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, IUPAC, EPA etc. and publication houses including CRC Taylor & Francis, Springer, Oxford, ACS, RSC, Wiley etc. are working a lot to make it popular, but still there is a lot of scope of working to make it more adopting and preferable way for chemists, biologists and pharmacists, especially in the countries like India, Brazil, China, Japan etc. For the country like India it is the need of the day to take initiatives, grab opportunities and face challenges to promote and popularize Green Chemistry. If you adopt GC in your research methodologies you‟ll get many more exciting results and a great satisfaction to serve the mankind, believe me. Think Green!

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Use of Reverse Vaccinology for Vaccine Development against Group B Streptococcus which causes High Mortality of Neonates Atul Kumar Johri*, Puja Sharma, Hem Lata, Arun Kumar Kashyap and Meenakshi Dua *Associate Professor, School of Life Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110067, India, E-mail: [email protected]

Streptococcus

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agalactiae, or GBS, is animportant opportunistic pathogen which causes pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in neonates and severe diseases in immuno-compromised adults worldwide. To understand the mechanism by which pathogens cause disease, it is necessary to identify the genes that are required for the establishment and maintenance of an infection. As the conventional approaches take up to 20 years to develop a vaccine to combat the infectious diseases. Additionally, most of the vaccines developed in western countries may/may not work in case of Asian and African countries. We are using reverse vaccinology (RV) approach like Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics for vaccine development for Group B Streptococcus to identify universal effective vaccine candidate (Johri et al., 2003, Mikamo et al., 2004, Johri et al., 2006, Johri et al., 2007,Sharma et al., 2012). By using RV we have identified the role of pili proteins in adherence and invasion of the GBS of Indian origin. As the pili proteins were identified previously as vaccine candidatesagainst GBS serotypes of developed countries and we also found their role in the attachment and invasion of GBS of Indian origin thus in turn our work supports the idea of making a more effective pili protein based vaccine which can be used universally. Data related to this will be presented.

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The Light Induced Absorbance changes in Thylakoids and in Intact Leaves of Ipomoea arvensis Due to the Effect of High Light Stress on Antenna Bed Uma Bhardwaj*, R. Bhardwaj and Vikas Shrivastva *Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Sr. Director, Arni University, Indora H.P., India -176401 E-mail: [email protected]

It was assumed that the leaf has energy dessipation pathway and repair mechanism while the thylakoids

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lack the repair mechanism. Therefore, in order to understand the effect of high light stress on antenna bed of Ipomoea plant, the light-induced absorbance changes in thylakoids and in intact Ipomoea leaves were characterized at 678 nm in the red region and at 437nm in the blue region. Absorption characteristics of both control and photo-inhibited (after exposure to high PFD 2200Wm-2) thylakoids and intact leaf of Ipomoea were determined. Thus the sensitivity of the leaf to high light stress in relation to bleaching of pigments should be much less than that of thylakoids. Our results supports the conclusion that the xanthophyll cycle has a central role in regulating the energy flow to the PS II reaction centers and also provide direct evidence that zeaxanthin protects against photo inhibitory injury to the photosynthetic system.Fluorescence kinetics were monitored, after the leaves of Ipomoea were exposed to high PFD for increasing duration, using fast fluorescence transients as the tool to assess photosynthesis and the changes in Fv/Fm. In intact leaves of Ipomoea, diurnal variation in leaf photosynthesis were characterized in order to understand the “down regulation” of photosynthesis under extreme environment, in particular high light stress coupled to high temperature.

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Present Scenario on Cancer Diagnosis and its Treatment in India R.K. Jain* *Associate Professor and Head, Department of Biotechnology Anand Engineering College, Agra (U.P), India. E-mail: [email protected]

Despite

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manifold advances in cancer care during recent time every year, at least 200,000 people die worldwide from cancer. Cancer is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or blood stream. Cancer can be detected in a number of ways, including the presence of certain signs & symptoms and screening tests. Once a possible cancer is detected it is diagnosed by microscopic examination of a tissue sample. Cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. The chances of surviving the disease vary greatly by the type and location of the cancer and the extent of disease at the start of treatment. Cancer pathogenesis is traceable back to DNA mutations that impact cell growth and metastasis. The improved understanding of molecular biology and cellular biology due to cancer research has led to a number of new, effective treatments for cancer. As cancer diagnosis and management moves into the 21st century, cancer has become the paradigm disease of the molecular era, with a burgeoning body of research into aspects of cell biology amenable to earlier molecular diagnosis and efficacious treatment. Newer cancer therapeutic approaches leads to the identification of numerous specific molecular targets for drug therapy and their role in the cell signalling pathways that regulate tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels from already existing ones), and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Very recently cancer research is focused on the Development of newer drug delivery systems like nano- particle drug delivery and liposomal drugs, the optimal dose of drugs can now be delivered without any increase in toxicity.Cancer research is the intense scientific effort to understand disease processes and discover possible therapies including the precise nature of the genetic damage, and the genes which are affected by it.

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Gender Bias Role of AT2R in Weight Gain Mohammad Azhar Khan* and Tahir Hussain *Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX-77204, *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL-36849 USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Obesity is a major disease condition, in turn leading to pathological changes collectively recognized as

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metabolic syndrome. Recently angiotensin AT2R has been associated negatively with body weight (BW) gain in male mice. However, the gender differences in AT2R and BW changes have not been studied. To understand the gender based role of AT2R involving BW changes, we fed male and female wild type (WT) and AT2R knock out (AT2KO)mice with C57BL6 background with high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. The male AT2KO had higher HFD calorie intake (WT: 1280 ± 80; AT2KO:1680 ± 80kcal) but gained less BW compared with the WT (WT: 13; AT2KO: 6 g). Contrary to the male animals, the female AT2KO mice with equivalent caloric intake (WT:1424 ± 48; AT2KO:1456 ± 80kcal)gainedsignificantly more BW than the WT mice (WT: 9 g; AT2KO: 15 g). The male AT2KO on HFD displayed lower plasma insulin level, less impaired glucose tolerance (GT), and higher plasma T3 compared with WT males on HFD; whereas the female AT2KO mice on HFD showed elevated levels of plasma insulin, more impaired GT, lower plasma T3 and higher free fatty acid and hepatic triglycerides compared with WT females on HFD. Interestingly, compared with WT, AT2KO female mice had significantly lower estrogen, which was further reduced by HFD. These results suggest that AT2R in female mice via potentially regulating estrogen may have protective role against BW gain and impaired glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism.

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Synergy in Relation to Herbal and Conventional Medicines Shashi Alok* *Asst. Professor, Institute of Pharmacy Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India E-mail: [email protected]

As the direct result of advances in electronics, computer science, metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, and

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physics, conventional medicine has grown as fast in this century as the basic medical sciences did in the last. Other terms for conventional medicine include allopathy and allopathic medicine; western medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, regular medicine; and biomedicine.While many conventional drugs or their precursor are derived from plant, there is a fundamental difference between administering a pure chemical and the same chemical in plant matrix. For example Ascorbic acid in a citrus extract is more bioavailable then ascorbic acid alone. This is basically due to synergy. Synergy is an important concept in the context of chemical complexity. Synergy broadly means working together and occurs when the combined action of constituent is greater than would be expected from a consideration of individual‟s contribution. A well-known example of synergy is exploited in the use of insecticidal pyrethrins. A synergist known as piperonyl butoxide which has little insecticidal activity of its own, interfaces with the insect ability to break down the pyrethrins thereby, substantially increasing their toxicity. In other words components of plant which are not active themselves can act to improve the stability, solubility bioavailability or half-life of the active compound. Chemical complexity leading to enhanced solubility or bioavailability of key component has been an important topic of a number of studies. Good example of it is Trikatu. Trikatu is a mixture of black pepper, Piper nigrum; long pepper, Piper longum and ginger, Zingiber officinalis. The reason for the inclusion involves enhancement of bioavailability not only by trikatu but especially by the alkaloids piperine from black pepper. Piperine has been shown in both humans and animals to increase blood level of herbal drugs. The bioavailability enhancement probably result from the fact that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. Because of synergy, herbalists prefer to use plants in their entirely. Whereas, conventional medicine tries to separate the plant‟s chemically active parts. It is believe that the combination of each and every part of a plant forms its healing properties. Also, each part of a plant has specific roles within the body, outside the active ingredient itself. In using the whole plant, the combination of its elements works to prevent harmful side effects. Lot of evidence are there to show that synergism does occur in extract and mixture and that we should continue to use whole extract rather than a single chemical entity is responsible which should be extracted and used alone.

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Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants of Garhwal Region Geeta Joshi nee Pant* *Professor, Dept. of Chemistry HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246 174, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: [email protected]

Plants

are vast laboratories capable of producing various simple to complex molecules called as

secondary metabolites. These chemicals have been found to have varied functions. Many such compounds protect plants themselves from diseases and also serve the humanity. In the presentation

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phytochemical investigation of some plants carried by us by us over the years will be presented.

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Advancement in Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancement Formulations Bharat Parashar* *Associate Professor, Dept. of Pharmacy Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P), India E-mail: [email protected]

Poorly

permeable drugs remain a significant formulation challenge for achieving therapeutically

effective Oral Drug Delivery.Gastrointestinal Permeations Enhancement Technology [GPET] is a technology that addresses the challenge by safely delivering drugs across the small intestine in therapeutically relevant concentrations. This monograph provides an evaluation of GIPET, with particular emphasis on the use of a simple, inexpensive, preclinical feasibility model to advance formulations into

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clinical testing.

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Patents and the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Rahul Taneja* *Project Officer, Intellectual Property Facilitation Centre for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Haryana State Council for Science & Technology, Department of Science & Technology, Government of Haryana, Panchkula (Haryana), India. Email: [email protected]

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is a successful, high-technology-based industry that has witnessed consistent growth over the past three decades. The current industry players comprise several privately owned Indian companies that have captured a substantial share in the domestic pharmaceutical market due to factors such as favorable government policies and limited competition from overseas. The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has led to a tremendous paradigm shift in world trade. The agreement on Trade-Related (Aspects of) Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was negotiated during the Uruguay round trade negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and “one of the primary reasons for incorporating intellectual property issues into the GATT framework was the pharmaceutical industry”. Invention related to processes or products are eligible for grant of a patent. It is observed that the patent applications related to biotechnology are below 10 percent as compared to Drug & Chemical patents. Product patent regime withnational treatment is a great challenge to Indian pharmaceuticalindustry to identify leads for innovation and for a grant of a patent.Studies reveal that the number of applications and grant of patentsare gradually increasing. Filing of patent applications is an outcomeof innovation efforts which need to be followed up with necessaryforecast strategies involving creativity, money and time. As awhole, the number of pharmaceutical industries filing for patentshas to

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increase drastically in coming years from India.

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Natural Products and Molecules: Boon to Mankind! Abhishek Mathur* *Research Scientist (R&D), Sheetal Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India E-mail: [email protected]

Natural products and molecules play a very important and pivotal role in our daily life. In basic need of life, we used plants and organisms for procuring natural products and biomolecules for human welfare. In today‟s era where there all traditional medicines and antibiotics are getting failed due to the resistance acquirance by severe dreadful pathogens, there is a need to explore some natural products and molecules which are not having stressful concern in past years. Nowadays, there are several epidemics which get spread without the known cause and cure. Thus there is a need to screen some natural products and molecules for their biological and pharmacological activities. My investigation and researches are focused on the screening of some natural products and molecules for pharmacological activities viz. antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. Some of these molecules and products are also found to have plant growth enhancing activities. Some amongst these are having multipharmacological and industrial useful activities. Our target/approach of study should be to isolate/screen such components which are required at urgent basis in today‟s time. The study should be focused on search of novel molecules, products and enzymes which can have pharmacological aspects and can aid in industrial significance.

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Remember….Yet there is a need to explore Naturals!

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS


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(Conference Proceedings are also available online at www.ijpsr.com) NHPBMS/ORAL/ROLLNO. / 01

Effect of gamma irradiation and blue light on survivability of CA MRSA using C. elegans as host model Anup Kainthola1*, Suman Joshi and A.B.Bhatt Microbiology Laboratory, Dept. of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal. Uttarakhand-246174, India

To study the pathogenesis and virulence of community acquired MRSA, C. elegans has been developed as an excellent host model. In this study we have investigated the effect of gamma irradiation and exposure to blue light on the survivability pattern of CA – MRSA using colonization strain M92 as the control strain. Duplicate sets of C. elegans were feeded on E. coli OP50 strain and infected by CA MRSA on L1 stage of their life. Application of gamma irradiation was done separately on each set with increasing intensity of radiation dose of 28 KGy/hr from 10 Gy to 200 Gy using gamma chamber for different time intervals (30 sec, 1 min, 1.49 min, 2.00 min). Blue light (from 400nm to 500nm) exposure was applied to C. elegans at varying time intervals (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes) and lux.Although all the nematode survived to more than 15 days and hence, no nematocidal activity was seen by CA MRSA. The survivability of CA MRSA under 470 nm blue light for 1 hour was markedly low to 81 cfu/ml in comparison to 212 cfu/ml in gamma radiation at any grey intensity. Intensity of lux however was negligible in effecting C. elegans or CA MRSA. Survivability was estimated by maximum density growth curve patterns. Our findings thus show that blue light exposure is lethal to CA MRSA and can be used for treatment purpose. C. elegans can be

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used as model system to study the pathogenesis and host pathogen interactions.

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(Conference Proceedings are also available online at www.ijpsr.com) NHPBMS/ORAL/ROLL NO. / 02

Wild mushrooms and their traditional usage pattern in Jammu and Kashmir, India Sanjeev Kumar* and Y.P.Sharma Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K- 180006, India Mushrooms are characterized by having an apparent reproductive structure, also called the fruiting body, carpophore, and sporocarp and sometimes in Ascomycetes, the ascoma or ascocarp while basidiome or basidiocarp in Basidiomycetes. Diversity of these natural resources with respect to shape, texture, colour, smell, taste, odour and ecological preferences is extremely complicated which makes their identification intricate. With the realization of implications of wild mushrooms, a large number of researchers engaged themselves in the survey, distribution and myco-ecological aspects of this natural resource wealth belonging to this group from different parts of the world. The edible mushrooms have attracted consumers due to their flavour palatability and nutritive value. The use of edible mushrooms for human consumption is probably as old as man himself. Wild edible mushrooms have been collected and consumed by people since thousands of years. The rate of consumption of edible mushrooms in many countries has increased in recent years and hence it becomes imperative to explore the treasure of these mushrooms. Some efforts undertaken in this regard on Jammu and Kashmir wild mushrooms have been discussed in the present communication. Brief macro and microscopic details, habitat description, edibility status and consumption modes have been

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incorporated in the communication.

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(Conference Proceedings are also available online at www.ijpsr.com) NHPBMS/ORAL/ROLL NO. / 03

Anticarcinogenic Potential of Withania coagulans fruit against Skin Papillomagenesis in Swiss albino Mice Deepika Mathur* and R.C Agrawal Dept. of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal (M.P), India Withania coagulans belongs to family Solanaceae and its beries are commonly known to be as good vegetable rennet. It has been reported to have withanolides which are known to be as a group of steroidal lactones found among members of Solanaceae. Withanolides are reported to have antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immune-suppressive, cyto-toxicity and antiulcer activities. In the present study, the anticarcinogenic activity of Withania coagulans of aqueous and methanolic fruit extracts was investigated on DMBA induced skin papillomagenesis. Single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) of 100μg/100μl acetone, was given and one week later promoted by repeated application of Croton oil (1% in acetone/twice in a week ) till the end of experiment (16 weeks) in Swiss albino mice. Single topical application of Methanolic and Aqueous extract of Withania coagulans at the dose 1000mg/kg body weight along with DMBA+ Croton oil was found effective in decreasing cumulative no. of papillomas, tumor yield, tumor incidence and tumor burden as compared to the Control group i.e. DMBA and Croton oil. Histopathological studies also showed positive results of the Withania coagulans extracts against DMBA as promoter and Croton oil as stimulator of causing papillomagenesis. Histological sections in all the groups show marked papillomatosis, hypergranulosis and hyperkeratosis with papillary projections but in the control group papilloma consisted of fibro-vascular core with lump of epithelia showing mild dysplasia, the

vascular core with lining epithelia. The tumor incidence in methanolic extract group are found statistically

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significant (pC), Fr 8/9 (c.27_28insG), Fr 41/42 (c.124_127delTTCT), IVS 11 (c.92+1 G>T)and Cd 26 G-A (c.79G>A) HbE in Western U.P. About 50 blood samples were collected from July 2011 to May 2012from the patients β-thalassemia which transfusion dependent. All the samples were analyzed for five common mutations by using the ARMS - hot start polymerase chain reaction technique.We detected all the five common mutations except Cd 26 HbE which is prevalent in northeast India. The four mutations accounted for 58% of the total number of our patients. The commonest mutation found in our study is IVS 1-5 with a frequency of 46% and with the frequency of 21% FR 8/9 was the second common mutation and the other two mutations IVS1-1 (12%) and Fr 41/42 (4%). From this study we found the different pattern of mutations of β-thalassemia in Western UP from the other parts of India and even from Delhi and Punjab. To the best of our knowledge the second commonest mutation of our study Fr 8/9 has never been reported to be so common anywhere in India. And HbE mutation is absent in our study but it is prevalent in other region.

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Hence we called it unique pattern of mutations to Western U.P.

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NHPBMS/POSTER/ROLLNO./20

Traditional food system of Kuloor watershed of Kumaon Himalaya, India P S Bungla, Kamal Kishore, Lalit M Tewari*, R S Rawal and I D Bhatt *Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India #

G B Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora (U.K), India

The surrounding environment and biological diversity played an important role in the development of human civilization. The system of traditional knowledge developed in the society and moved forwarded for further improvement in the society. The Central Himalayan region has been rich in biological wealth and would become an uplift resource of socio-economic status of the Himalayan people. The present study was designed to document the food recipes for sustainable livelihood in the Himalayan regions especially in Kuloor watershed of Kumaon Himalaya. The Kuloor watershed is situated at Gangolihat and Berinag tehsil of Pithoragarh district and Kanda Tehsil of Bageshwar district in Uttarakhand, India. It differs from plains in topography, elevation, geographic features, diversity of habitats for flora and fauna, ethnic diversity, land use system and socio-economic conditions. The low productivity of cereals,oilseeds and pulses is a major hindrance

in the food security in the region. To meet the requirement of food for subsistence, local

communities have identified a large number of plant species from the wild natural stand. Local people have wonderful skill to identify these, their palatability and preparation. Diversification of food recipes is a major speciality of the region. There are many recipes used as substitute of the items, which are meagrely produced in the region. It forms a representative in habited watershed with prevalent traditional local food system. The overall watershed divided into three elevational zones that is upper (2000-2361m asl), middle (1000-2000m

were randomly selected from 15 villages of the watershed. Information collected from a house head about his

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diet on the basis of breakfast, lunch and dinner. After that their food valuecompared to national and

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asl) and lower (700-1000m asl ). In each elevational zone comprises 5 villages for study. Sample households

international diet chart (FAO, Rome. 1996).

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Antibacterial activity of Linezolid against clinical isolates of Methicillin resistant Staphylococci from Garhwal Himalaya Prashant Kumar Singh* and S.C. Tiwari Microbiology Laboratory, Deptt of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttrakhand, India Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) by Staphylococci are responsible for a variety of infections which include skin and soft tissue infections, surgical site infections, bacteraemia and endocarditis. Methicillin resistancein Staphylococci, has become very common worldwide which impose a serious threat to patients admitted into hospital, as limiting the treatment options available. Linezolid, first member of oxazolidinone class of syntheitic antibiotic which have an effective spectrum of activity against mostly common gram positive cocci including those resistant to methicillin and glcopeptides, may be used as an alternate to vancomycin (a glycopeptide) in a life threatening conditions of hospital patients. One hundred clinical isolates of Staphylococci were evaluated against Linezolid activity using Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method and MIC determination by using HiComb discs. ATCC 25923 and ATCC 29213 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were served as standard strains. Multi drug resistance was found high. MIC90 (4mg/l ) of Linezolid for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found comparable with methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS); however activity of Linezolid at MIC50 for MRCoNS was found double with compare toMRSA. This indicates that Linezolid possess excellent activity against methicillin resistant

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Staphylococci including multidrug resistant strains and can be deployed after failure of other antibiotics.

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Preparation and evaluation of Gastro retentive floating tablets of Metformine hydrochloride Akanksha Singh and Geeta Rawat* Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India The ultimate goal of an oral drug delivery system should be aimed to providing a desired therapeutic response that comprises of controlled release for required duration while avoiding or minimizing potential adverse effect.Gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GR DDS) was formulated on the basis of delayed gastric emptying and sustained release principle and are intended to localize the drug delivery device in the stomach until the drug is released.Floating tablets of Metformin Hydro chloride were formulated by using HPMC K 15M, and HPMC K 100 M, as a gel forming agent, Sodium bicarbonate as a gas forming agent, Sodium Alginate and Carbopol 934P as matrix forming agent (Release Retarding Agent).Metformin is anti hyperglycemic drug belongs to Biguanide category. Thus an effervescent floating tablet was developed and evaluated for floating lag time, hardness, friability, Drug content, Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), In vitro drug release study. The lambda max for Metformin was found to be 234 nm and was

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performed in 0.1N HCl.

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Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Extract ofTinospora cordifolia Stem On Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats Neelam Kandari*1,Ishan Dhulia1, Versha Parcha1, Geeta Pant2 1. Department of Chemistry SBSPGI,Balawala ,Dehradun (U.K), India 2. Department of Chemistry HNBGU,Srinagar Garhwal (U.K), India Plant based products have been popular all over the world for the centuries. There are many plants which have been reported to possess Anti-diabetic potential. These Herbal Drug are cost effective, potent and bear least side effects. Tinospora cordifolia(Willd) known as Guduchi or Giloy in Hindi is a large, glabrous, deciduous climbing shrub belonging to the family Menispermaceae. It is distributed throughout tropical Indian subcontinent and china, ascending to an altitude of 300m. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is one the constituents of several ayurvedic preparations used in general debility, dyspepsia, fever and urinary diseases. The stem is bitter, stomachic, diuretic, stimulates bile secretion, causes constipation, allays thirst, burning sensation, vomiting, enriches the blood and cures jaundice. Guduchi is widely used in veterinary folk medicine/ayurvedic system of medicine for its general tonic, Antiperiodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic and anti-diabetic properties. It is widely used in Indian ayurvedic medicine for treating diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed tostudy the blood glucose lowering effect ofdifferent extractof Tinospora cordifolia stem on experimentally induced diabetic rats. From the results it could be concluded that Methanol extract levered Blood Glucose level is 58.95%(150 mg/kg) as compared is standard 62.22 at dose(5mg/kg).further extract were evaluated for acute toxicity study and it was found to be

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non toxic.

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Microencapsulation: A New Multiutility Advanced Technology Sharma Nupoor * B.N. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Microencapsulation is a new technology where by small discrete solid particles or small liquid droplets are surroundedand enclosed by an intact shell.It is used to modify and delayed drug release form pharmaceutical dosage forms. Its complete study, morphology of microcapsules, reasons for microencapsulation, release mechanism including degradation, osmosis, diffusion, dissolution and erosion. The release rate characteristics depend on following characteristics:1) Drug release rate from microcapsules follow the zero order kinetic.2) Microcapsules of monolithic type have the t1/2 dependant release rate for the first half of the total drug release and thereafter turn down exponentially.3) Microcapsules of monolithic type having large excess of dissolved drug, the release rate are t1/2 dependant throughout almost the entire drug release.Materials for microencapsulation, different methods of microencapsulation like physical method- air suspension coating, coacervation, spray –drying , pan coating ,centrifugal extrusion , chemical methods- solvent evaporation, polymerization involving interfacial polymer, in-situ polymerization and matrix polymer , its general methods of applications in cell immobilization, drug delivery, beverages production ,in textiles ,soil inoculation, quality and safety in food etc and its efficient use in many controlled release and sustained release of drug delivery like to mask bitter drugs, sieve analysis .To reduce gastric and other gastro intestinal (G.I) tract irritations,a liquid can be converted to a pseudo-solid for easy handling and storage. Carbon tetrachloride‘s and a number ofother substances have beenmicroencapsulated to reduce their odour and volatility,Separation

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provide protection to the core materials against atmospheric effects etc.

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of incompatible substance has been achieved by encapsulation,Microencapsulation has been employed to

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Sacred groves in conservation of plant biodiversity in Banaskantha District, Gujarat, India P.K. Patel* Department of Botany,SPT Arts & Science College, Godhra, Gujarat, India Nature conservation practices are very ancient tradition in India. Useful biodiversity species have much reverence in culture of our country. Sacred groves are seen throughout Gujarat, having varied forms, cultural practices and belief systems. The vegetation in the groves is highly varied viz. mangroves, fresh water swamps, or other tropical forest types. Sacre groves represent tradition of environmental conservation based on indigenous knowledge by the tribal communities of Banaskantha District, Gujarat, INDIA. The study deals with the role of sacred groves in conservation of plant biodiversity in Banaskantha District, Gujarat, India. Among the 11 sacred groves surveyed, over 25 different plant species are reported. In the sacred groves surveyed, only a few are well protected while most are partially threatened due to anthropogenic pressure. Considering all the dimensions of sacred groves, it is clear that these groves are considered as one of

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the most species-rich areas for plants, birds and mammals.

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Biochemical Alteration Due to Ethanolic Extract of Melia azedarach in Liver, Kidney, Spleen and Pancreas of Diabetic Albino Rats Reena Singh*, Kusum Singh, Vinita Ahirwar, Geetanjali and Nesar Ahmad Department of Zoology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand University Campus, Jhansi, (U.P) India Medicines that are used today are not definitely the same as those that were used in ancient times or even in the recent past. The modern system of medicine has more than 25 percent of drugs in use, which are either plant based or plant derived. Thus the present study aimed to clarify the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The extract was prepared by Triple maceration process and the doses were prepared with gum acacia in saline (0.9%). Thirty adult albino rats of wistar strain were randomly selected and divided into five groups, the first served as a control group while each of the remaining four groups were injected with alloxan (100mg/kg b.wt) to induce diabeties by a single intra- peritoneal injection. The second group served as diabetic rats while the third and fourth groups were treated with plant extract at a dose concentration of 300mg/kg b.wt and 600mg/kg b.wt respectively and the fifth group was treated with standard drug (Glibenclamide). After 7, 14 and 21 days of duration the biochemical parameters viz. glycogen and protein were studied on liver, kidney spleen and pancreas. The results were compared, it revealed that the protein and glycogen content was decreased in alloxan induced diabetic rats while after oral administration of ethanolic extract of Meliaazedarach and Glibenclamide significantly increased the content of glycogen and protein as compared to diabetic and control rats (P> [Bromate]. Rate studies were carried out at a constant temperature. All the solution were thermostated for 30 minutes. Before mixing requisite amounts of Benzaldehyde, Acetic Acid, perchloric Acid, Mercuric Acetate, Sodium per chlorate were taken in a Jena Glas reaction vessel and placed in a water thermostate maintained at a desired temperature. The reaction was initiated by rapid addition Potassium Bromate solution and its progress followed by estimating Idometrically the amount of unconsumed bromate at regular interval of times. The stoichiometry of the Reaction was determined by mixing a known amount of substrate with a known excess of oxidant in experimental conditions. The stoichiometry is found to be 3:1 Benzonic Acid was identified as the product of oxidation of benzaldehyde.The oxidation was fond to follow first order kinetic with respect to substrate. An increase in the benzaladehyde concentration results is increase of specific Rate. The plot of log k vs log [substrate] and 1/Kobs vs 1/[substrate] were found to be linear. The Reaction is of first order with

d[BrO3–] – Dt

= k2[Br O3–] [Benzaldehyde]

On the basis of Kinetic data, product analysis and stoiochiometry, a plausible mechanism and rate law has been proposed. st


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order kinetics, one with respect to each reactant. The rate law for the reaction is given by:-

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respect to [oxidant] and specific rate is independent of [Bromate]. Hence the reaction exhibits total second


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Phytoremediation Potential of Halophytes RupaliPanchadhaye* and Arvind Sharma Division of Life Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology and Sciences,Patel Nagar, Dehradun. 248001, India The effect of organic (e.g. herbicides) & inorganic (e.g. heavy metals) on the environment &especially on human health forced scientist to focus considerable research on the inhibition of their introduction in food chains. Additionally, although not absorbed by some plants species, the presence of these contaminants in soil cause yield losses in susceptible crops. Phytoremediation is the new technology in remediating ecosystems contaminated by eco toxic pollutants like herbicides and heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Na, Cl, Cr, especially Cd which is soluble in water. Based on the tolerance of Cd & other toxic elements plants like B.vulgari, Zea mays, C. intibus, B.sterrilis& E. sativa, seems to have the potential in remediating Cd contaminated soils. Halophytes like M.crystallium, A.halimus, A. nummularia are tolerant to NaCl& Cu. Thlaspicaerulescens in a plant species tolerant to large number of heavy metals &is the only HYPERACCUMULATOR of Cd. Hyper accumulator s are defined as plant species which when growing on naturally metal rich soils, exhibit very high shoot metal conc. In aquatic plants for waste water treatment wetland plants like Typha Sp. Phragmites Sp. Leersia Sp. Juncus Sp. &Spartina Sp. to reduce the levels of heavy metals in polluted waters. Bcopamonnieri is an aseptically appealing plant that has the potential for hyper accumulation of nutrient & metals. And currently in India, the shallow water hyacinth Echharniacrassipes shows better treatment efficiency compared to conventional water hyacinth. In the world of microorganisms Algae has an important role in controlling

factor). Research on accumulation of heavy metals by halophytes has been carried out by many researchers (Gallego et al., 1996; Lagriffoul et al., 1998; Ali et al.,2000; Salt et al., 1998; Suresh and Ravishankar., 2004; Guerinot and Salt, 2001; Fotiadis et al., 2007).

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of algae like Chlophyte, Cynophyta, Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta with highest BAF (bio-accumulating

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metals deposited in lake &oceans. Their ability to absorb metals like Ar& Boron were found in many phylum


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In vitro culture of Withania somnifera and their medicinal importance Naveen Gaurav* Faculty of Biotechnology SGRRPG, College, Dehradun Uttrakhand-248001, India Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, Indian ginseng, Winter cherry, Ajagandha, Kanaje Hindi, Amukkara in Tamil and Samm Al Ferakh, is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family.Withania somnifera is a perennial shrub native to Southeast Asia and hardy in many other regions of the world. Products from this plant are used in herbal preparations in several traditional medicinal disciplines, including Ayurveda in India.Commercially packaged products which contain Withania somnifera are readily available in some health food stores and health markets, especially if they have an ayurvedic focus.Products from this plant are used in several different ways. The plant is treated as a general immune system booster and adaptogen, meaning that it is supposed to help people cope with physical and environmental stresses. For these reasons, it may be recommended to people who are often in stressful situations, or to people who are

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feeling rundown.

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Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration in evaluation of susceptibility profile of community acquired Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Robit Sddiqui*, Anup Kainthola, Akhilesh Bhardwaj Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University) 249161, India Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum biofilm eradication concentration estimation was done and results were compared to understand differences if any in the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of community acquired methicilin resistant staphylococcus aureus in planktonic and biofilm phase.CA MRSA strain isolated from community sources was cultured on tryptose soy broth for 24 hrs incubation at 37 0C. The 100µl of this culture was added to 5ml of fresh TSB for another 24 hrs in a glass culture tube and was checked for biofilm formation at the walls of the tube. After decantation of planktonic cells, 10µl suspension of attached biofilm was taken as inoculums for 12 well polystyrene microtitre plate filled with 100µl TSB. Incubation was provided for another 24hrs. Decanting the planktonic cells left biofilm in the microtitre wells which were washed then with 1% PBS twice to remove unbound cells. These biofilms are then treated with 12 different antibiotic solutions of different dilutions. MBEC was measured by ability to regrow by bacteria from biofilm treated with antibiotic. Reading was recorded by microtitre plate reader. MIC of the planktonic cells was determined by E strips following guidelines of CLSI 2011 and compared to the MBEC using SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package). It was observed that biofilm phase was more resistant to majority of the antibiotics in

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associated biofilm.

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comparison to planktonic phase and hence compels to opt a different treatment strategy for clinical cases with

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Production of polyhydroxybutyrate (biopolymer) by Bacillus species isolated from municipal waste Mamta Patra Shahi1* and Sushil Kumar Shahi*2 1 2

Biotechnology Department, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut-250005, India

Bioresource Tech Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, CCS University, Meerut- 250005, India

Plastic wastes are considered to be severe environmental contaminants causing waste disposal problems. Widespread use of biodegradable plastics is one of the solutions, but it is limited by high production cost. Municipal waste generates large quantities of organic matter for microbial growth. Only a few reports focus on the potential of utilizing resident Bacillus species from municipal waste in polyhydroxbutyrate (PHB) production as well as the production of PHB from food wastes. They have attractive properties such as short generation time, absence of endotoxins, and secretion of both amylases and proteinases that can well utilize food wastes for nutrients, which can further reduce the cost of production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). 37 isolate were isolated from municipal waste and out of 37 isolates 13 were found to be PHA producer. Only four strains viz., MW-4, MW-9, MW-26 and MW-34 were found higher producer. Isolation of poly-βhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing bacteria, recognition of brightly retractile cytoplasmatic inclusions, lipophilic stains with Sudan Black and Nile blue, and chemical extraction of PHB were used as a culturedependent strategy for the detection of PHB-producing bacteria. Biochemical analysis showed that PHA producing strains belongs to Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Bacillus genera. PHA extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion method. Strain MW-4 was showed maximum percentage (54 %). Production of PHA was optimized for different temperature and pH. Thus, in future new PHA producing

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be developed.

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strains, utilization of renewable materials or industrial waste and culture technology for PHA production can

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Production of oyster mushroom and its nutritional and medicinal properties Madhu Gupta* Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Hospital Campus, Gwalior, (M.P.) An approach for production of oyster mushroom was experimented in our laboratory conditions. The several white rot fungi are edible mushrooms and are saprophytic basidiomycetes, which have been successfully, cultivated at commercial level worldwide using lignocelluloses wastes as substrate for their cultivation. Pleurotus florida (Oyster mushroom) is a wood digestive fungus which was first cultivated on logs. Mushrooms can convert lignocelluloses waste materials into a wide diversity of products, which have multibeneficial effects to human beings, i.e., as food, health tonic and medicine as feed, as fertilizers and for protecting and regenerating the environment. Today it has become practice to prepare Pleurotus substrate from shredded wheat straw. Present paper discusses cultivation of oyster mushroom on two different substrata. Pleurotus florida was cultivated two different agro-wastes viz. wheat straw and soybean straw and their combination on in 1:1 proportion to determine the effect of these agro waste on yield, moisture content, crude fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates, fat, ash and minerals. Soybean straw showed significantly highest yield and other contents (Nature and Science, 2009). There has been a recent upsurge of interest in mushrooms not only as health vegetables but also as a source of biological active compounds of medicinal value, including use as complementary medicine/ dietary supplements for anticancer, antiviral, immunopotentiating, hypocholesterolaemic and hypo protective agents. this new class of compounds termed ‗ mushroom nutraceuticals‖(Chang and Buswell 1996), are extractable from either the fungal mycelia and

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‗Mushroom nutraceuticals may possess both nutritional and medicinal properties.

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fruiting body and represent an important component of the expanding mushroom biotechnology industry.

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Antimicrobial activity of lichen forming fungus Everniastrum cirrhatum against pathogenic microorganisms Sushil K Shahi1, Shaheen Ara*, Mamta Patra Shahi and, DK Upreti2 *Bio-resource Tech Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, CCS University, Meerut- 250005, India. 2

Lichen Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India

A lichen forming fungus was successfully isolated by spore discharge method capillary methods from Indian lichen (Everniastrum cirrhatum) collected from rocks of Manikaran region (Ditt. Manali, Himachal Pradesh) India, during excursion tour. The isolated lichen forming fungi (LFF) inhibited growth of several plant pathogenic viz., Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme and F, udum and human pathogenic fungi viz., Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypsium and Trichophyton rubrum as well as pathogenic bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Staptococcus mutant, Shalmonella typhi and S. thyphimurium. During optimization of culture media, modified potato dextrose broth was found to be the medium favorable for large scale production of antibiotic from the isolates. The antimicrobial substances from LFF were also compared with that of natural thallus extract and found the lichen forming fungi isolates potential inhibitor in comparison to natural thallus (combination of phycobiont and mycobiont). The MIC of the LFF isolates were found ranges from 50-100 l/ml, 20-80 l/ml, 50-100 l/ against plant pathogenic, human pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria respectively. This is the first attempt to evaluate antimicrobial properties of lichen forming fungi (Everniastrum cirrhatum) against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This study suggests that the

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lichen forming fungi can served as a promising bio-resource to develop novel antimicrobial agents in future.

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Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of leaves of Clemantis montana Hemlata Sati*, Sarla Saklani1

*, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-246174,Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

Clemantis montana(Ranunculacece) is used for the treatment of Migraine, Nervous disorders, Diabetes, Liver disorders, Hypertension and Skin infections. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Clemantis montana leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. A dose dependent antidiabetic activity was observed with ethanolic extract of Clemantis montanaleaves. A significant

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antidiabetic activity was observed at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight.

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Allevation of Isoniazid and Rifampcin induced hepato-toxicity by Spirulina maxima Santosh Kumar Jatav*, Archana Kulshrestha, G.B.K.S. Prasad SOS in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior Pin- 474011, India Thepotential of Spirulina maxima in alleviating the isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model.Hepatic damage was induced in male Wistar rats by administering anti-tuberculosis drugs viz., Isoniazid (INH) (50 mg/kg, orally) and Rifampcin (RIF) (75 mg/kg, orally) for two weeks. Aqueous extract of S. maxima was either co-administered with anti-tb drugs to assess the protective role or administered after induction of hepatic damage in order to assess the therapeutic potential in drug induced toxicity. The protective or therapeutic efficacy of S. maxima as compared with silymarin was monitored by measuring biochemical markers of liver function viz., alanine aminotranserase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin in serum and biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage at specified intervals during the course of experiment.INH and RIF administration for two weeks resulted in significant hepatic damage as evident from significant alterations in liver function markers viz., bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP and Oxidative stress markers such as SOD, catalase, GSH and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Co-administration of S.maxima along with ati-tb drugs prevented development of hepatic damage. On the other hand, administration of S.maxima extract consecutively for two weeks soon after inducing liver damage reverted the INH and RIF induced hepato-toxicity as evident from the restoration of liver function, oxidative stress and DNA. Administration of S.maxima had a remarkable protective as well

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as therapeutic effect on anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity.

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Molecular modeling of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potent Antimalarial Compounds Ankita Agarwal*, Sarvesh Paliwal, Ruchi Mishra Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India

Global physicochemical descriptor based QSAR models were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least square (PLS) and feed forward neural network (FFNN) techniques for 29 4aminoquinoline derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain). The compounds of selected series were characterized by molecular descriptors calculated using QSAR software tools for structure activity relationship (TSAR) and accelerys discovery studio. The outcome showed comparable results with good predictive ability. The statistical values, such as r, r2, r2cv, r2 (test), F and s values were 0.93, 0.873, 0.790, 0.77, 31.01and 0.34 respectively for MLR and r2, r2cv r2 (test) and statistical significance values were 0.87, 0.79, 0.77 and 0.99 respectively for PLS were satisfactory. The model developed from FFNN technique also showed good correlation value of r2= 0.93 and r2 (test) = 0.80.The analysis helped to ascertain the role of Lipole X component (whole molecule), First Atom E-state index (subst.1), Vamp total dipole (whole molecule) and Vamp polarization XY (whole molecule) in determining the affinities of4-aminoquinoline derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum. Similarity based QSAR was also performed on 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. The MLR and PLS generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values such as r, r2, r2cv, r2 (test), F and S values were 0.90, 0.81, 0.79, 0.79, 37.80 and 0.39 respectively for MLR and r2, r2cv r2 (test) and statistical significance values were 0.81, 0.78, 0.79 and 0.99 imparting enzyme inhibitory activity. These investigations (Global physicochemical descriptor based and

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similarity based QSAR analysis) will further help in rationalizing the design of anti-malarial agents.

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respectively for PLS were satisfactory. The model reveals the importance of charge similarity parameter in

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Genetic mechanism of sex determination in Populus ciliata with the help of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers A.

Kumari* and P.K. Khosla

Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan(H.P.), India Populus ciliata Wall.ex Royle is a large deciduous, indigenous, dioecious

tree found throughout the

Himalayas at altitudes of 1200-3500 m. Sex chromosomes are not identified in this species and the male and female plants do not reveal any significant difference in growth and other related characteristics at juvenile stage. Male and female plants are different at maturity from each other on the basis of their biomass, vigour, growth rate, compatibility with other plants and habitat. This plant has made positive impact on the economy of the people of the Himachal Pradesh. The inability to determine gender at the early/seedling stage in dioecious plants influence the economic value, breeding and opportunities for commercial use of genetically transformed plants. Therefore, the increasing demand for planting material and genetic improvement has necessitated the development of techniques for identification of male and female genotypes. In the present study ten decamer RAPD polymorphic primer were tested on five male and five female plants to identify the sex specific molecular marker. Out of ten polymorphic markers one primer gave significance difference between male and female plants. OPK-20 primer produced three amplification products of different sizes from female plants but failed to do so in the male plants. The preliminary results of this study for sex determination would help the recognition of correct sex for ornamental purposes, as nurse crop, and genetic improvement

researchers, breeders, molecular biologist for their further studies.

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differences may help to identify the gender influenced region in the genome which further helps in

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which can be done only at seedling stages and overcome the limitations of clonal propagation. Sex related any


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Drug Discovery from Plant Sources: Setting New Horizons Kainth Amrita*; Parashar Bharat; Garg Ruchika; Kabra Atul; Kumar Hitesh Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P), India. Ages back the treatment of diseases started with traditional resources. As the time passed by science made many developments and discoveries. New drug development was a part of this progress which brought a new ray of hope for treatment of many indomitable diseases. Arrival of combinatorial chemistry provided new optimism of higher success rates of new chemical entities. Natural products have been the source of most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients of prescribed medicines. Although, the use of herbal drugs had always been an integral part of the treatment of different ailments but the new prospects are being set with latest drug discovery from plants. The drug discovery program based on natural products cover therapeutic areas, such as cancer, infections, neuro-pharmacological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, inflammation, metabolic, etc. With the most recent reports, clinical trials are ongoing on more than 100 natural product derived drugs and at least 100 molecules/compounds are in preclinical development stage. Most of these molecules in the developmental

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pipeline are derived from leads from plants sources.

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Multidrug Resistance and Its Remedy Bhawna Chopra* 1, Ashwani Kumar Dhingra1, D. N. Prasad2 *1 Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India 2 Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Ropar, Punjab, India.

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Multidrug resistance is a condition enabling a disease-causing organism to resist wide variety of drugs or chemicals. Multidrug resistance is emerging in both eukaryotes as well as in prokaryotes. Resistance of microorganisms to many classes of antibiotics and other drugs has become a serious problem of public health. According to the world wide surveillance studies, multidrug resistance phenomenon is found in many species of bacteria, fungi and tumour cells mediated by the three mechanisms namely target modification, antibiotic inactivation or default of its accumulation within the cell and is responsible for exporting drugs from cells resulting in low ineffective concentration of the drug. The phenomenon of microbial multidrug efflux was first reported by Ball and McMurry for the efflux of tetracycline in Escherichia coli. Recently, an efflux pump has become increasingly recognized as a major component of resistance to many classes of antibiotics. Thus, the present review is an approach towards inhibition of efflux pumps. Efflux pumps are transport proteins involved in the extrusion of toxic substrates (including virtually all classes of clinically relevant antibiotics) from within cells into the external environment. Efflux pumps occur as either single-component or multicomponent systems. Some efflux pumps selectively extrude specific antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclins where as other, referred to as multidrug resistance pumps, expels a variety of structurally diverse anti-infective with different modes of action. To combat the menace of drug resistance, efflux pump inhibition may prove to be a challenging target. In this approach, the antibiotic is co-administered with an inhibitor that neutralizes the resistance and, consequently, the antibiotic is still useful, even in resistant organisms.

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Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activities of Amaranthus gangeticus roots Bhawana Sati*, Sarla Saklani1 *Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Banasthali, Rajasthan- 304022. 1

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar- 246174, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

The aim of the present study was to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticusroots.The analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid induced writhing in mice and tail-flick method using rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan induced rat paw oedema in rats. A significant dose dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was observed with

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ethanolic extract ofAmaranthus gangeticus roots.

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Hemocue: A Reliable and Alternative Technique for Estimation of Hb in Resource Limited Areas Mushtaq Ahmed* Doon Paramedical College, Dehradun (U.K), India The determination of hemoglobin estimation by the cynamethaemoglobin is time consuming create delays in treatment which may lead to the loss of lives. The hemocue is a point of care device and potable for the determination of hemoglobin. The hemocue device is useful in maternity intensive care and theater etc. in the study cyanmethaemoglobin and hemcue method found no significant differences in the hemoglobin concentration determined by these two methods with no perceptible trend for disagreement with high or low values. The hemocueis a portable device which directly measures the hemoglobin .this method is quicker (60 seconds), simple to use gives immediate reading. It gives accurate result and is cost-effective and more accurate method. The mechanical filling of the cuvettes with 10 ml of the blood by capillary action avoids several manual errors which often occur in collection, the dilution and measurement of the simple in the

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cyanmethaemoglobinmethod.

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Exploitation of Manganese Sulphate waste in developing building materials Deepika Chauhan*, S. K. Agrawal and P. K. Gupta EST Division, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee-246667,Chemistry Division,Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006, India The uses of built-up wastes and untreated micro fillers in the development of building materials have received maximum attention over the lastdecade. In the exploitation of flyash, slag and silica fume due to their pozzolanic nature. The use of flyash in the development of cement results in the saving of energy and reduction in carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emissions. Other factors prompting use of waste materials are the dwindling resources steadily increasing volume of waste materials and the ecological and environmental problems associated with quarrying and exploitation of cement raw materials. Partial replacement of cement (in concrete) by slag, flyash, rice husk ash and rock mineral is very beneficial in terms of mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete. Lime stone dust poses disposal and environmental problems and has been suggested as a Portland cement.The present study is about the utilization of sludge when manganese oxide is reacted with sulphuric acid to form manganese sulphate solution. The aqueous solution is extracted leaving behind the cake which is non hazardous in nature. The use of manganese sulphate waste has been done in the development of added products. The uses of manganese sulphate waste in the development of building materials like flooring tiles, bricks, blocks and partial replacement of cement have been highlighted

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in this study.

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Kinetics of oxidation of Aliphatic Primary alcohols by Cyclohexylammonium chlrochromates (CHACC) Vikas Singh Jasrotia* *Dept. of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu (J&K), India Halochromates have long been used as mild oxidizing agent. Cyclohexylammonium chlrochromates (CHACC) is a versatile reagent in this category. In the present study the oxidation of aliphatic primary alcohols to corresponding products was study in presence of CHACC to find out the results and mechanisms related to these reactions. It was found that CHACC oxidised some aliphatic primary alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in glacial acetic acid. Michaelis–Menten type kinetics with respect to alcohol was observed. Hydrogen ions dependence in the form: kobs = a + b[H+] was also studied in the reaction. The oxidation of [1,1-2H2] ethanol (MeCD2OH) exhibits a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect. Oxidation of aliphatic alcohol was studied in 09 different organic solvents. Effects of solvents were also

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studied to establish the suitable mechanism for the reaction.

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Analysis of Antioxidant Property of Bioactive Peptides Derived From Yak Milk Casein Santosh Kumar1*, Ashwini Sanghi1, & Vikrant Kumar2 1

Department of Biochemistry, Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Bio-Medical & Natural Sciences, Manduwala, Dehradun, India 2

National Yak Research Centre, Karnal, India

Milk protein especially casein derived bioactive peptides are potential modulator of a various regulatory process in the body. The structural and chemical changes occuring during the protein processing leads to release of bioactive peptides. Significant data already available on various properties of bioactive peptides derived from yak milk caseins but there is almost no data has been reported till date regarding the antioxidant activity. In the present work antioxidative activity of bioactive peptides, obtained from yak milk casein after treatment with different proteolytic enzymes, has been studied (DPPH Method) w.r.t. different incubation periods. Tryptic hydrolysates of yak casein showed best antioxidative activity followed by peptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates. Antioxidant activity goes on increasing with the increase in time of hydrolysis (i.e., incubation period). Thus it could be concluded that bioactive peptides derived from yak milk casein show good antioxidant property which has useful application in food science & nutrition in the future

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prospective.

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Rosa brunonii Linn. 1

Naveen Kumar*, 2J S Jangwan

*1Department of Chemistry, KL DAV (PG) College Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India 2

Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University Campus Badshahi Thaul, Tehri, 249199 Uttarakhand, India

The Composition of volatile oil constituents of Rosa brunonii Linn.was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty five compounds represent 99.7 % of the total oil. The main components of the oil were, Linalool acetate (53.6%), Linalool (9.6%), NN (m/z 91, 105, 117, 145, 79, 43,160) (7.3 %), (E)-8-Hydroxy geraniola (4.1%), Verbanol acetate or piperitol acetate (3.7%), (Z)-8-Hydroxy geraniola (3.6%), Geranyl acetate (2.2 %) and αTerpineol (1.9 %). The oil was subjected for its antibacterial activity with four pathogenic bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and found to be

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more active against Escherichia coli with 10 mm (zone of inhibition) activity.

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Organic farming and Biofertilizers Manan Sharma* and Pijush Das Gupta Doon (P.G.) Paramedical College, Dehradun (U.K, India Organic farming system is not new to India and is being followed from ancient times. Organic farming is a method of farming system which primarily aims at cops cultivating the land and raising crops in a way that keeps the soil alive and in good health. It is possible by the use of organic wastes (crops , animal and farm waste , aquatic waste) and other biological material along with beneficial microorganisms (bio fertilizers). These materials of biological origin release nutrients to crops for increased yields in an ecofriendly, pollution free environment. Basically, there are five basic components of organic farming : green revolution, crop rotation, organic manures , bio pesticides and bio fertilizers.

Bio fertilizers are in a way one of the

components of integral plant nutrient system. Benefits of organic farming: 1. Helps in maintaining environmental health by reducing the level of pollution. 2. Reduces human and animal hazards by reducing the level of residues in product. 3. Increases agricultural products and make it sustainable. 4. Ensures the optimum utilization of natural resources for short-term benefit and helps in conserving them for future generation. 5. Saves energy for both animal and machine and reduces the risk of crop failure. 6. Improves the physical and chemical properties of soil.

better in quality like bigger in size , look , flavour and aroma. Animal products are better in quality when

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animals are fed with feed and fodder produced organically. The underground water of the area where such

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7. Besides above it has also been demonstrated that plant products from organic farming are substantially

farming system is in practice has been found to be free of toxic chemicals. In this review we provide an overview of the most relevant findings made by research community in the recent years and discuss how these significant findings improved our understanding of events. st



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Optimized production and Characterization of Laccase enzyme from Pleurotus sajorCaju Sneha Kelkar* *Sheetal Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) are copper-containing oxidase enzymes that are found in many plants, fungi, and microorganisms. Laccases act on phenols and similar molecules, performing one-electron oxidations, which remain poorly defined. In the tricopper site found in many laccases, each copper center is bound to imidazole. Laccases are multicopper oxidases capable of coupling the oxidation of a variety of substrates, polyphenols, metoxy-substituted phenols, diamines and even some inorganic compounds, to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water.Most of the known laccases are of fungal origin, in particular from the white rot fungi. These fungi secrete lignolytic enzymes, which generate radical species that cause the complete biodegradation of lignin polymers. The ability to oxidize priority pollutants with somewhat low substrate specificity has attracted interests in its possible use in wastewater treatment and bioremediation. This project deals with studies on the production of laccase from Pleurotus sajor-caju in liquid state fermentation. Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultured using basal salt media at various pH, carbon sources and nitrogen sources in liquid state fermentation. The bulk production of laccase under optimum pH (6.0), carbon (maltose) and nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) was carried out in liquid state fermentation. The culture filtrate was purified by dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.

In the study

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molecular weight of the protein was found to be 62 KDa.

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conducted, the laccase enzyme was produced from Pleurotus sajor-caju, under optimized conditions and the

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Microbial Fermentation Technology Reeta* *Department Of Center of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural ScienceBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi The term fermentation is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, which describes the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain during the production of alcoholic beverages. Thegrowth of a microorganism may result in the production ofa range of metabolites but to produce a particular metabolite the desired organism must be grown under precise cultural conditions at a particular growth rate. Microbial fermentations may be classified into the following major group (i) Produce microbial cells (biomass) as the product. (ii) Produce microbial metabolites. (iii) Produce microbial enzymes. (iv) Modify a compound which is added to the fermentation the transformation processes. (v) Produce recombinant products. Microbial biomass is produced commercially as single cell protein (SCP) for human food or animal feed and as viable yeast cells to be used in the baking industry. Enzymes may be produced from animals and plants as well as microbial sources but the production by microbial fermentation is the most economic and convenientmethod. The major commercial utilization of microbial enzymes is in the food and beverage industries. Fermentations are termed transformation processes,biotransformation, or bioconversions. The

capable of synthesizing foreign (or heterogonous) proteins. Thus, microorganisms are capable of producing a wide range of products, a range which has been increased by the techniques of in vitro recombinant DNA technology to include mammalian products.

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It is possible to introduce genes from higher organisms into microbial cells such that the recipient cells are

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advent of recombinant DNA technology has extended the range of potential microbial fermentation products.


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DNA vaccines for the prophylaxis of animal diseases Ankit Chauhan1*, Ritu Das2, M. A. Ramakrishnan1, and P.K. Gupta3 1

Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, (UK); 2Departmenty of Biological Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, (TN); 3Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, (UP)

Vaccination with DNA vaccines, which are generally plasmids expressing a protective antigen of a pathogen, stand out as the most promising novel immunization techniques against pathogens. Nucleic acid based vaccination is an effective way for the in vivo expression of desired protein to initiate immune response. The application of DNA immunization as a new generation vaccine has been well studied since its invention, and a variety of such vaccines have undergone clinical trials. DNA vaccines against dreadful animal diseases like rabies, avian influenza, foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever, and brucellosis have been developed in past few years. The DNA vaccine elicits desired immune response viz. cell mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immune response (HIR); and it is much easier for their manipulation using recombinant DNA techniques and production in bacteria using fed-batch fermentation. As an effective vaccine, plasmid DNA has a gene encoding a protective antigen of a pathogen, which when injected into host, is transcribed and translated, to induce a specific immune response. The advantage associated with DNA vaccines includes simplicity of manufacture, stability at room temperature, low cost of production, ease of construction and ability to induce full spectrum of long-lasting humoral and cellular immune response, ease of transport in

effective, safe and economically viable vaccines that could ably address the threat posed by emerging infectious agents of animals.

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incorporating novel methodologies in the DNA vaccine research promises the development of the much

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lyophilized form, and their ability to act in presence of maternal antibodies. The current scenario of


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Zinc enrichment in Spirulina maxima and evaluation of its phytochemical constituents Senthilkumar.S*, Aruna Singh, Anish Zacharia. J, GBKS.Prasad and P.S Bisen SOS in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior- 474011 Spirulina is a microscopic blue-green, unbranched, filamentous aquatic plant and it is the nature‘s richest and most complete source of organic nutrition. The S.maxima has gained importance and international demand for its high value phytonutrients and pigments, which have applications in health foods, feed, therapeutics and diagnostics. Spirulina is able to sequester heavy metal ions by the same adsorption and absorption mechanisms as other microbial biomass, in addition to the formation of polychelatins which they synthesise in response to toxic heavy metal stress (Gekeler et al, 1988; Wilde & Benemann, 1993).In this work we studied the effect of zinc on S.maxima growth when various concentrations of zinc is added to the nutrient media.A standard initial Inoculum of the isolated algae was inoculated to culture flasks. The culture flasks were supplied with various concentrations of Zinc ranging from 2.5mg/l-10mg/l. Parameters were monitored at three different growth phase of cultures. (Lag, log and stationary phase) The cultures were filtered and washed several times by distilled water for measurements the various experimental like total protein content, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll bioavailability of zinc etc.The data show that the lower doses of the (2.5mg/l)zinc had stimulatory effect in biomass yield of S. maxima, whereas the higher doses (10mg/l) were inhibitory. The total protein content, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll gradually decreased in a dose dependent on the zinc concentration in the medium.The S.maxima takes up zinc from the nutrient medium in a dose dependent manner and the zinc enriched S.maxima holds specific nutritional significance for subjects

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with nutritional and zinc deficiency as Spirulina is SCP and considered super food.

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Therapeutic applications of Probiotics Singh Neetu1#, Kumar Ajay1*, Singh Rajni1, Gaurav S.S.2 1

Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Vasundhra, GZB, U.P., India 2 Department of Biotechnology, CCS University, Meerut, U.P., India

A number of studies have found probiotic consumption to be useful in the treatment of many types of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults, travellers‘ diarrhea, and diarrheal diseases in young children caused by rotaviruses. The most commonly studied probiotic species in these studies have been Lactobacillus GG, L. casei, B. bifidum and S. thermophilus. Probiotics and prebiotic galactooligosaccharides are involved in prevention of allergic diseases. An interesting development in recent years has been the finding that lactobacilli administered by mouth can stimulate macrophage activity against several different species of bacteria. Bifidobacterium animalis is famed for its ability to improve digestive regularity. One subspecies of B. animalis is used by the yogurt manufacturer Dannon, which markets strain under the patented name "Bifidus regularis. "Lactobacillus reuteriis found in human breast milk and may be responsible

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for some of the immunosupportive and anti-gas effects associated with breastfeeding.

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Assessment of metal nutrients in Ocimum americanum L. Deepshekha Punetha*, Shalini Singh Geeta Tewari, Chitra Pande and Charu Singh Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaon University, Nainital (U.K) The present study was carried out to assess the metal nutrients in medicinal plant Ocimum americanum L. (family Lamiaceae), which play an important role in many therapeutic uses. All heavy metals can cause toxic effects to plant and humans if found in higher concentration, therefore it is necessary to establish the levels of some elements in medicinal plants.The essential elements such as Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn have been investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method in Ocimum americanum L. Collected from ten sites of Uttarakhand. The results of analysis showed different metal concentration levels in the samples. The highest mean concentration (mg kg-1) of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn are 48.50, 365.86, 20.76 and 45.08 from Rushi, Mussorrie, Kilbury and Rushi respectively. The lowest mean concentration (mg kg -1) of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn are 18.91, 137.53, 5.00 and 25.56 from Mussorrie, Rudrapur, Banbasa and Banbasa respectively.Elemental analysis of Ocimum americanum L. showed metal levels that are generally low and within PFA limits. All

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samples were found to be safe for human consumption.

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Solid Dispersions: To modify Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Drugs Aditya Sharma*, Gourav Chaudhary, Vijay Kumar Jyoti Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal (Central) University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar-Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246174, India Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. The article reviews the various newly optimized manufacturing techniques for solid dispersion that are coming out of academic and industrial research and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. Some of the practical aspects have been discussed in the article such as; types of carriers, methods of evaluation and characterization, along with an insight into the molecular arrangement of drugs in solid dispersions are also discussed. Various types of solid dispersions based upon the molecular arrangement have been highlighted along with an example of the marketed preparations with their brand name. Various practical or, industrial problems have been mentioned in the present article and methods to overcome such problems are discussed. Problems of Scaling up and manufacturing costs are discussed in the later sections of an article. All stability aspects of amorphous solid dispersions have been discussed in the later part of this article. Future prospects of this latest technology have

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been briefly discussed in the manuscript.

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Antidiabetic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Amaranthis spinosus on Albino rats Ankita Shrivastava*, Kusum Singh1, Vinita Ahirwar1, Neha Gupta1 and Sapna Rani1 *PMS, Degree College, Barabanki (U.P.), India 1

Department of Zoology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.)- India

In recent years, investigation of bioactive natural products has assumed a greater sense of urgency in response to the expanding human population for good health. On the other hand, we have to depend on allopathic medicines for quick results, which in long term lead to severe side effects. Action of herbal remedies may vary from human to human and care should be observed in using it. Medicinal plants originate from every part of the globe. Amaranthus spinosus is commonly known as ‗prickly amaranth‘ or ‗pig weed‘ and belongs to family ‗Amaranthacae‘. It contains a number of chemical constituent‘s spinoside, uracil, adenine,glucoside, quercetin, amaranthine and isoamaranthine etc. The leaves of Amaranthus spinosusare used for gastroenteritis, gall bladder inflammation, abbesses, colic menorraghia, arthritis and for the treatment of snake bites. Therefore, in present study the effect of methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus is tested on blood sugar level of albino rats at a dose level of 250mg/kg b.wt for the intervals of 5, 7 and 14 days of treatment. The results revealed that blood sugar level significantly decreased (p1.8] with concentrations ranging from 13 to17 µg/ mL. The DNA was extracted from samples suspected/known tissue culture of BoHV1. The suitability of the DNA for PCR assay

protocol is equally sensitive that of commercial kit for the detection of BoHV1. We have also successfully applied this non-enzymatic protocol for the detection of other viruses.

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Combined 2D QSAR and 3D pharmacophore modeling of Pneumocystis crania DHFR inhibitors Ruchi Mishra*, Sarvesh Paliwal, Ankita Agarwal *Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India 2D-Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least square (PLS) and feed forward neural network (FFNN) techniques for 53 pyrimidine derivatives as Pneumocystis crainii dihydrofolate reductase (pcDHFR) inhibitors. MLR and PLS generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values r, r2, r2cv, r2 (test) F and s values were 0.90, 0.81, 0.80, 0.76, 83.66 and 0.35 respectively for MLR and r2cv, r2,r2 (test) and statistical significance values were 0.80, 0.81, 0.76 and 0.99 respectively for PLS were satisfactory. Model developed from FFNN technique also showed good correlation value of r2= 0.85, r2 (test) = 0.78. The analysis indicates importance of Inertia moment2 size and Kier chiV2 (path) index in determining the activity of pyrimidine derivatives as potent anti-pneumocystis agents. 3D QSAR pharmacophore model was developed for pcDHFR inhibitors by using Catalyst HypoGen algorithm. Best pharmacophore model for selective pcDHFR inhibitors (Hypo-1) was obtained through Cat-Scramble validation process, which consisting of two hydrogen bond acceptor lipid (HBAl) and one ring aromatic (RA) features with highest correlation coefficient (0.89), cost difference (47.1), low RMS (0.79), it shows a high goodness of fit and predictive factor. RA feature is essential for ligand pharmacophore interaction. Pharmacophore model have been validated towards 18 test molecules and also evaluated with external test set which also showed three point mapping. Model was

The results of study will act as a valuable tool for retrieving potent compounds with desired biological

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activities and designing novel selective pcDHFR inhibitors.

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used for screening chemical data base. This resulted in identification of ten druggable potent lead compounds.

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Need of Pharmacological Assessment and Clinical Research on some Endangered Medicinal plants for Active constituents Pooja Mishra1* and Sumeet Dwivedi2 1, ALPINE Institute of Technology, Ujjain, (M.P.) – India 2, Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain, (M.P.) – India

Herbsarestagingacomebackandherbal‗renaissance‘ishappeningallovertheglobe. Theherbalproductstodaysymbolisesafetyincontrasttothesyntheticsthatareregardedas unsafetohumanandenvironment.Althoughherbshadbeenpricedfortheirmedicinal,flavouringand aromaticqualitiesforcenturies,thesyntheticproductsofthemodernagesurpassedtheirimportance,for awhile.However,theblinddependenceonsynthetics is over and people are returning to the naturals with hope of safety and security. Importance of medicinal plants is widely accepted, there is a serious lack of comprehensive information on the economically important and threatened species of Madhya Pradesh. The present paper deals with the pharmacological assessment and need of clinical research in some of the endangered medicinal flora such as Sarcostemma acidum, Sauromatum gattum, Guizotia abyssinica, Abelmoshcus moschatus, Gloriosa superb etc. which will be useful in the development of various new lead

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compounds which may be utilize for the formulation of various suitable dosage form.

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Radon and Thoron concentration in Tehri District A.A Bourai* and Sunita Aswal Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal – 249199, India On the bases of feidwork the soil gas radon and thoron concentrations were measured in soil from the Tehri district, using RAD7 detector. The measured value of radon concentration was found to vary from 2380 Bq/m3 to 18004 Bq/m3, and thoron concentration value found to vary from 2530 Bq/m3 to 4890 Bq/m3. An average value of soil gas radon concentration was found 13542 Bq/m3 and thoron concentration was 4345

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Bq/m3

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Gums as important pharmaceutical excipients Jaspreet Singh*and Balwinder Singh Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College Amritsar 14002, Punjab, India Increasing demand of natural ingredients over synthetic ones immensely contribute to explore and develop new plant based materials. These natural materials are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, eco-friendly and widely available, so have advantages over synthetic ones showing disadvantages of high cost, toxicity, non-renewable sources and poor health compliance with side effects. Natural gums are obtained as often products from different tree species, which exhibit unique and diverse physico-chemical properties and have a wide variety of applications. These are important non-timber forest products collected by tribals, mostly in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Compositionally gums are heteropolysaccharides mostly composed of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, glucose, D-glucouronic acid and D-galactouronic acid etc. This paper presents a review of some novel research on the gums indicating their potential for use as thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, gelling agent, excipients, microencapsules and controlled drug delivery systems in food, plant tissue culture and pharmaceutical industry. Compilation of scientific findings in the article is an attempt to make a world-wide recognition of gums among scientific community to promote further research for their applications in cosmetic, paper, textile industry and other

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different fields.

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Novel preparations of culture media for cultivation of Candida albicans with different extracts of plant products from Solan Area of Himachal Pradesh Bharti1#, Naveen Minhas1, Sandip Patil1, P.C.Sharma1, Amit Kumar1 1. Dept. of Microbiology, school of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences,Bajhol, Solan (H.P).,India Candida albicans is dimorphic yeast. Study reveals that all plant based media support the confluent growth of Candida albicans which is comparable to that seen on standard media like SDA and PDA. In present study, plant based media Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) agar media, Allium cepa (onion) agar media, Beta vulgaris (sugarbeet) agar media and Pisum sativum (pea) agar media were utilized for cultivation of this fungus. Broths prepared from these plant extracts also supported confluent growth of this organism. This is perhaps the first report. These plant based media are cost-effective, easily available and take less time for their preparation. The tomato, onion and sugarbeet agar media can thus be used for the cultivation of Candida

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albicans and offer a novel alternative for currently available synthetic media.

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Role of Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis *Naresh Chandra1, N.K.Jain1 and A.B. Srivastava2 1

Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M. P., India.

2

Department of Wild Life Health and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M. P., India.

The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is mesenchymal cells which lies within the space of disse and has a variety of functions, which is known under a variety of names: Ito cell, fat-storing cell, lipocyte, per sinusoidal cell, parasinusoidal cell or hepatic stellate cell. They are the main place of vitamin A storage in characteristic lipid droplets. Synthetic activity of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins involved in hepatic fibrosis. HSCs are an important cellular site for β-carotene accumulation and metabolism within the liver. HSC undergo activation, transforming from a quiescent vitamin A-rich cell to a proliferative, fibrogenic, contractile myofibroblast. Stellate cell activation leads to an accumulation of scar (fibril-forming) matrix. This in turn contributes to the loss of hepatocyte microvilli and sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae, which results in the deterioration of hepatic function. Resolution of liver injury, if it may include selective clearance of activated stellate cells by apoptosis, or possibly their reversion to a quiescent phenotype. Liver fibrosis is a progressive pathological process involving multiple cellular and molecular eventsthat lead ultimately to deposition of excess matrix proteins inthe extracellular space. When this process is combined with ineffectiveregeneration

fibrogenic cell type in the liver. Stellate cell activation refers to the transition from a quiescent vitamin A–rich cell to a highly fibrogenic cell characterized morphologically by the enlargement of rough endoplasmic reticulum, diminution of vitamin A droplets, ruffled nuclear membrane, appearance of contractile filaments, and proliferation. Targeting of HSC and fibrogenic mediators will be the mainstay for therapy.

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hepatic stellate cell is the primary source of ECM in the normal and fibrotic liver as they are the key

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and repair, there is increasing distortion of thenormal liver architecture, and the end result is cirrhosis. The


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Comparative study between two anaerobic bacteria Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium sordellii from slaughter house soil sample Sonali Rani*

Sheetal Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India The genus Clostridium is composed of a very heterogeneous group of micro-organisms which are anaerobic Gram-positive, rods, which forms spores. Their natural habitat is the soil or intestinal tract of animal & human. Among the pathogen are the organisms causing botulism, tetanus & gas gangrene. The study of these two species is carried out with the aim to differentiate both the species of clostridium due to their 90% resemblance to each other.C. sordellii as rods shaped, 3.0-5.0µ by 1.2-1.5µ motile C. sordellii forming arborescent colonies in deep agar, & fermenting glucose, fructose, & maltose, but not glycerol or sorbitol. C.sordellii is highly toxigenic & pathogenic, &producing urease.C. bifermentans was described as 5.0-6.0µ by 0.8-1.0µ; motile; forming clustered lenticellular or raspberry-like colonies in deep agar; fermenting glucose, fructose, maltose, glycerol & sorbitol. C. bifermentans is non-pathogenic, non-toxigenic, & nonurease producing.Soil samples collected from slaughter house, Sewanagar and Pinto Park (Gwalior) for the comparative study of C.bifermentans &C. sordellii. 6 isolates were taken for study in TPYG (Tryptone Peptone Glucose Yeast) and CMM (Cooked Meat Media) media and differentiated on the basis of several morphological, & biochemical tests and molecular test. These tests indicated that C. bifermentans&C. sordelliiare rod shaped & motile. C. bifermentans is non- pathogenic, non toxigenic & non urease producing , although C. sordellii is pathogenic, toxigenic & urease producing. C.bifermentans was described as 5.0-6.0µ

glucose, fructose, maltose, glycerol & sorbitol. C. bifermentans is non-pathogenic, non-toxigenic, & non-

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urease producing.

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by 0.8-1.0µ; motile; forming clustered lenticellular or raspberry-like colonies in deep agar; fermenting

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PCR Amplification of Fowl Adenovirus 4 Hexon Gene Upasna Sharma and Anant Rai* IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput,Delhi Road(NH-24), Moradabad (U.P), India *Institute of Biotechnology & IT, 197,Mudia Ahmadnagar, Bareilly (U.P), India The genomic DNA of Fowl adenovirus 4 available in the biotechnology laboratory was used as template for amplification of FAV4 hexon gene, the gene specific forward and reverse primers and Pfu DNA polymerase were used to amplify the gene. The PCR amplification resulted in amplification of 2916 bp hexon gene as observed on 0.7% agarose gel electrophoresis. Further work on cloning of this gene in p Alpha vector is in

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progress.

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Toxicological Evaluation of Albizia Lebbeck (L.)Benth. Arun Sharma*1, Ashwani Jangra1, Neetu Jangra2 *,1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS),Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar-249404 (India) 2

R.K.S.D. Colleges of Pharmacy, Kaithal, Haryana, India

Albizia lebbeck is well known for its anti histaminic, anti asthmatic, anti fertility, anti microbial, spermicidal and ophthalmic use. Seeing such usefulness of the plant it is essential to evaluate certain safety parameters associated with it. The study was conducted for estimating any alterations in the neurological, hematological and physical alterations in the albino mice. Extraction of dried stem bark was done with soxhlet apparatus using alcohol as a solvent. For acute toxicity study healthy Swiss albino mice of either sex (n=6), weighing 20-25 g, divided in each group, were fasted for 18 hrs overnight and were used for the study. The mice were administered the sample extract orally in increasing dose of 250, 500, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. Then the animals were continuously observed for 2 hrs for any gross behavioral, neurological or autonomic toxic effects and for any lethality after 24 to 72hrs. For the sub- acute toxicity studies, the animals of the acute toxicity studies were administered daily for a period of 15 days. Attention was given to observe the occurrence of tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, sleep and coma. The parameters of the acute toxicity studies such as motor reflex, behavioral pattern and lethality were tabulated after 48 and 72 hrs of the dose administration and those of the sub acute study such as body weight, food intake and hematological patterns were tabulated after 15 days. No acute and chronic toxicity was observed. This showed the potential safety of

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plant for consumption.

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A Validated HPLC Assay for Determination of Fesoterodene Fumarate

Vandana Yadav1*, Abhilasha Mishra2 1 College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Bidholi via Prem Nagar, Dehradun, India 2 Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Kalidas Road, Dehradun (U.K), India A novel, accurate, precise, specific and reproducible reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative determination of bulk Fesoterodine Fumarate (FST). It is a new competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. Muscarinic receptors play role in contractions of urinary bladder smooth muscle and stimulation of salivary secretion. FST specifically indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency.FST is commercially available under the brand name of Toviaz. Chemically, FST is designated as isobutyric acid 2((R) - 3-diisopropylamino-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxymethyl) phenyl ester hydrogen fumarate, as shown below.

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Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil, C8 (250 x 4.6 mm), 5.0 μm column in gradient mode with mobile phase, phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (60:40v/v). The mobile phase was pumped through column at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detector wavelength monitored at 210.0 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 25°C. The RP-HPLC method is validated with respect to specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Response was a linear function of concentration in the range 159.60 -239.40 μg/mL for FST. LOD and LOQ for FST were found 0.03 μg/mL and 0.09 μg/mL. Regression analysis showed correlation coefficient value greater than 0.999. Accuracy of the method was established based on the recovery obtained between 98.3% and 98.4% for FST.

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Chemical structure of Fesoterodine Fumarate


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Fungal Biodiversity: Conservation threats on Heritage Monuments of JammuRegion (J&K) Mahesh Koul*, Nidhi Anand, P.N. Chowdhry Mewar University Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India NCFT national centre of Fungal taxonomy (NCFT), New Delhi, India

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The paper deals with the conservation ,preservation and restoration aspects that are of paramount importance to restore these heritage assets to their pristine glory to at least certain time frame.The detriorating condtion of these heriatge monuments poses serious challenges to the expertise of the consevartion architects, historains, tourism professionals and policymakers. The paper identifies the the threats and suggest the ways to mitigate these.The biggest challenge that the sustainable managemnet of these monuments posess post conservation is the sympathetic reuse in terms of their overall safety. The lays asmphasis on the invlovement of all the stakeholders as they are the ultimate beneficiaries and inheritors of this legacy in erms of cultural and aeshetic value.The presence and deteriorating action of fungal organisms on heritage monuments have received considerable attention in the last few years.so the information about the fungal biodiversity present on stone materials in the monuments is the initial and important step for the successful conservation treatment and control.So the following study was done to record the fungal biodiversity present on some important heritage monuments of Jammu Region. About 73 different stone samples are collected from the affected historical sites of jammu region.Furthur proccessed for isolation and purification of fungal cultures. About 24 fungal species belonging to 18 genra were recorded.The most frequent reported fungal species were Aspergillus flavus, A.nidulans, A.terreus, A.niger, A.fumigatus, Absidia cylindrospora,Cunninghamella echinulata ,C. elegans ,Chaetomium globosum,Mortierella elongate,Mucor circinelloides, M. racemosus ,Cladosporium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata ,C.clavata,Fusarium sp.,Mucor sp.,Mycelia sterilia (white),Paecilomyces varioti, Penicillium chrysogenum,Trichoderma viride ,Rhizopus stolonifer,Rhizomucor pusillus,Syncephalastrum racemosumandYeast.Out of the ten studied sites The Moti Mehal,the Mubarak Mandi Complex,The jasrota Fort had reported maximum fungal biodiversity followed by Bahu fort,Ramnagar fort,Lakhanpur fort, Hiranagar fort, Akhnoor fort,Dandidhar fort,Sambha fort.The presence of fungal diversity on these monuments is a clear indication of threat to their conservation and management so it is useful information for furthur consevational studies on monuments.Thus the paper stresses the sensitisation of the local population of the destination area to adopt the conservation techniques that are compatible with the materials used for the construction of the heritage structures.To address the post consevation and restoration challenges,the paper argues that the involvement adoption of the tourism marketing strategies helps to make the heritage monuments self sustainable to generate the costs of maintenance of the conservation,preservation and restoration costs.The paper stresses the multidisciplinary aproach that involves the botanists, heritage conservation professionals,historians,tourism professionals and conservation architects to restore the heriatge monuments of the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state which is already engulfed in ethno-religious conflict and the adverse effect is reflected in the adhoc policy making due to contested definition and explanation of the heriatge by the vested interests who are unaware as far as the holistic approach neded to to restore the the tangible heritage and its intangible motivations.

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*School for Hospitality and Tourism Management (SHTM), University of Jammu, (J&K), India


ISSN: 0975-8232



Antibacterial activity of Ethanolic extracts of Mores Ingra and Viola serpents Anu Kumar*1,P.K. Chauhan2, Virender Singh3, Ankur Tyagi1, Keshav Thakur1 1.Dept. of Biotechnology, Himachal Institute of Life Sciences, Paonta Sahib (H.P.) India 2.Dept. of Biochemistry, Himachal Institute of Life Sciences, Paonta Sahib (H.P.) India 3.Dept. of Microbiology, Himachal Institute of Life Sciences, Paonta Sahib (H.P.) India This research provides information which could trigger further research in direction of partial or full isolation and characterization of the constituents of leaves extracts of Morus nigra and Viola serpensin order to decipher the specific photochemical activity and free radical scavenging activity of plants. Qualitative analysis of ethanolic leaves extracts of both plants (M.nigra & V.serpens) showed the presence of flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids and Reducing sugars. The overall antioxidant enzyme as well as non-antioxidant enzymes content was highest in ethanolic extract of Viola serpensand lowest in ethanolic extract of Morus nigra.The present study was designed to identify the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Mores Ingra and Viola serpents which was also compared with six standard antibiotics against clinical isolates from the serum samples of patients suffering from jaundice disease. Ethanolic extract of Viola serpens showed maximum antibacterial activity as compared to other plant as well as antibiotics. Zone of inhibition values ranged from 0

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- 14 mm for antibiotics while they were much higher ranging from 10 - 22 mm for the plant extracts.

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Sulphonamide: A potent Chemotherapeutic Agent Sarla Saklani, Rashmi Chauhan*,Abhay P. Mishra, Subhash Chandra Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B.G.U. Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India In the 1930‘s Domagk first demonstrated that a chemotherapeutic agent could influence the source of a bacterial infection.Sulfanilamide is a structural analogue of p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) which is essential for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. Folate is required for the synthesis of the precursors of DNA and RNA in both bacteria and mammals.This medication may cause stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, headache or vomiting during the first few days as your body adjusts to the medication. If these symptoms persist or become severe, inform your doctor. This drug may increase sensitivity to sunlight. Notify your doctor if your condition worsens or you develop: easy bruising. Rarely, this medication can cause serious, even fatal, side effects such as a severe peeling skin rash known as Stevens- Johnson syndrome, blood disorders (e.g., agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), or liver damage. skin rash or blisters, unusual fatigue, persistent sore throat or fever, yellowing eyes or skin, dark urine, abdominal pain In the unlikely event you have an allergic reaction to this drug, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include: rash,

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itching, swelling, dizziness, trouble breathing.

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Rauwolfia serpentina: A Review Sarla Saklani, Rashmi Chauhan*, Abhay P. Mishra, Subhash Chandra Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B.G.U. Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India Rauwolfia serpentina is a small, woody shrub that originated in South Asia whose roots contain reserpine, a milky substance used medically for its reported sedative effects. The plant is also known as serpentwood, snakeroot and rauwolfia, among other names. The root extract is thought to have a bitter taste and some practitioners of herbal medicine advice against using rauwolfia serpentina because of its reported side effects. In India, Rauwolfia serpentina is called the insanity herb, because it is used to treat mental disorders such as anxiety, paranoia and nervousness. It is also used as a topical medicine for snakebite and insect stings.Hindus used this plant for centuries as a febrifuge and as an antidote to the bites of poisonous reptiles like snakes. It was also used to treat dysentery and other painful affections of the intestinal canal. Some believed it caused uterine contraction and promoted the expulsion of the fetus. It was also mentioned as a stomachic that cures fever. Extracts of the roots are valued for the treatment of intestinal disorders, particularly diarrhea and dysentery and also as anti-helminthic .The root was believed to stimulate uterine contration and recommended

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for use in child-birth in difficult cases.

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Harnessing Nature`s Goodness for Good Health Kashif Hussain*a, Touseef Hussainb a

Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun (U.K), India, bCentral Potato Research Institute Campus (ICAR), Modipuram, Meerut (U.P), India

In this paper, the author likes to draw the attentation towards role of organic farming in production management system that promotes and enhances agro ecosystem health, including biodiversity, landscape, soil, quality of water resources, climate, air and energy. Now a day, it is a challenging task to fulfill the needs of the people of our country. But, over the past few decades, human activity in the name of development has adversely affected global biodiversity in an un precedented way. Due to price rise, the cost of inputs like chemical fertilizers, pesticides & other industrial implement has increased. Constant use of fertilizers had lead to various changes in nutrients of soil & increased in the nuisance of insects. Today total consumption of fertilizers in our country is about 9.2 million tonnes & is expected to increase to about 2.5 million tonnes by turn of the 20th centuary. Now a days ,the trend of switching over to organic farming is worldwide ,as the organic food are in more demand as the organic fertilizers are useful in enhancing the soil fertility as well as healthy growth of plant is assured. Besides unlike general perception, organic food is far better in taste & quality. Today organic food is more nutritious than ordinary produce & helps to lengthen our lives. These organic produce contains 40% more antioxidants, which can cut the risk of cancer & heart diseases & also have higher levels of beneficial minerals, thus while there may be many ways to increase the sustainability of agriculture & the safety & nutritional value of foods, these alternatives are largely invisible outside the network of professional agriculturist. But unfortunately, we are not aware of the benefits, of the may due to

higher price for organic food, plus point for farmers as well. This research will highlights some of the popular beliefs about who is involved in organic food network & why that have been discussed throughout this paper. Thus, the investment spent on this method is low than that of production using fertilizers and also minimizing the pollution too. If organic farming is giving the consideration on its merits, it has the potential to transform agriculture as the main tool for nature conservation. st


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them. Even it is also argued that the Western world increasingly prefers organic produce & is willing to pay a

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lack of knowledge, less availability or high cost, which is discouraged by consumers from switching over to


ISSN: 0975-8232



Effect of Industrial Pollution on Metal Content of Seasonal Vegetables Kiran Tewari*, Chitra Pande and Deepshekha Punetha Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263002, India Vegetables can be contaminated with heavy metals from the environment during growth and manufacturing process. The level of essential elements in plants is conditional, the content being affected by the geochemical characteristics of the soil. Plants and animals both depend on some metals as micronutrients. However, certain forms of some metals can also be toxic, even in relatively small amounts and therefore pose a risk to the health of animals and peoples. Aim of the present study was to determine physico chemical properties, heavy metal content and their transfer factor in vegetables and soil samples collected from areas located near industrial sites. The content of heavy metals such as Zn, Cr, Pb, Mn and Fe respectively were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.In all the studied vegetables samples the concentration of heavy metals varies in ranges of 40-293, 323.2-1311, 13.5-258, 63.5-361.5 mg kg-1 for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cr and in soil samples ranges varies from 361-478, 1570.1-1594.475, 544-141, 131-50 mg kg-1 for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cr. Cr shows the highest transfer factor of 6.05 while the transfer factor of Mn and Fe is less than 1 and transfer

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factor of Zn varies from .02-1.83.

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Effects of the Intramuscular Administration of Diclofenac Sodium on Pectoralis Muscle Weight in Mice Sushma Sharma, Meenakshi Kaith* Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India Diclofenac Sodium has drawn its attention in recent times due to the renal failure in Vultures. Diclofenac Sodium is generally given in the musculoskeletal pains so, their long term effect on the muscles needs to be studied.Mice received Diclofenac sodium (10mgKg-1 body weight) intramuscularly for 10, 20 and 30 days daily. Biochemical studies were conducted for all stages of investigation.The intramuscular administration of diclofenac sodium resulted in the decline in the body and muscle weight of the growing mice. This decline was further confirmed by the decrease in the protein profile of the mice. Measurement of dry muscle mass and total protein decline in the muscle homogenate from pectoralis muscle suggested muscle atrophy largely

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responsible for this weight loss.

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Identification of multi drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Pus, Blood, Urine and Sputum Neha Sharma*, Aarti Bains, Sunity Singh Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan (H.P.), India Multi drug resistance in S.aureus with variable epidemiology has become an alarming problem world wide. It has a remarkable property of evolving different resistance mechanism to most of the antimicrobial agents. To study the phenotype prevalent in this region (Himachal Pradesh) and to choose the appropriate antibiotic therapy regimen present work was designed. A total of 45 isolates (20 pus, 5 blood, 8 sputum, 12 urine) were obtained from IGMC, Shimla. All were identified using standard laboratory procedures of gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was carried out by disc diffusion method. The resistance profiling of the isolates showed it a clear case of MDR- MRSA phenotype. Out of 45, 36 were found to be multidrug resistant with methicillin resistance as well.Maximum resistance was obtained in case of oxacillin (75%) and penicillin (75%) followed by tetracycline (65%), erythromycin (65%), cotrimoxazole (55%), ciprofloxacin (50%) and cephotaxine (45%). Vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin and netilmycin showed 100% sensitivity followed by clindamycin which showed 90% sensitivity. Resistance pattern obtained was same irrespective of the source of isolate. This study showed that all MRSA isolates were significantly less

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sensitive to other antibiotics and is a multidrug resistant microorganism and principal nosocomial pathogen.

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Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Health Protection and Diseases Control Nishat Anjum* and Y.C. Tripathi Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006, India Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants that are generally involved in defense against ultraviolet radiation or aggression by pathogens.During the last decade,polyphenols are the subject of increasing scientific interest because of their possible beneficial effects on human health. More than 8,000 polyphenolic compounds have so far been identified in various plant species and classified into major groups including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans. Studies have repeatedly shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenolic rich diet and the risk of chronic human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be toxic by-products of aerobic metabolismleading to potential biomolecular damage that can contribute to the age-related development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and many other disorders, if not properly repaired. These ROScan be disposed of using antioxidants. The phenolic groups in polyphenols can accept an electron to form relatively stable phenoxyl radicals, thereby disrupting chain oxidation reactions in cellular components.It is well established that consumption of polyphenol-rich food increase plasma antioxidant capacity thereby reducing levels of oxidative damage in human cells. There are increasing evidences that as antioxidants, polyphenols may protect cell constituents against oxidative damage and therefore, limit the risk of various degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. Role of polyphenols in human health is a promising area of research offering great hope for the prevention of chronic human diseases. The importance of the plant derived antioxidants is also raising interest among food

protection against development of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and age related neurodegenerative diseases. Biological effects of plant polyphenols as antioxidants in the context of their relevance to human health are discussed in the paper.

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effects. Epidemiological studies and associated meta-analyses strongly suggest plant polyphenols offer

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manufacturers and consumers as the trend of future is moving toward functional food with specific health


ISSN: 0975-8232



Preparation and Evaluation of Rizatriptan Benzoate Fast Dissolving Tablet Based on Vaccum Drying Technique By Using Camphor as Subliming Agent Agarwal Piyush*, Tanwar Y.S.1, Chouhan C.S. 1, Naruka P.S.1 1

*Geetanjali Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur 313001, India Department of Pharmaceutics, B.N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, 313001, India

Rizatriptan benzoate tablets were prepared by vacuum drying technique, using subliming agent camphor in different ratio with respect to drug. All the ingredients were passed through a 100-mesh screen prior to mixing. Subliming material, intragranular fraction of disintegrates and mannitol was mixed using a glass mortar and pestle. All the ingredients were dry blended and alcoholic solution of PVP was added to the mixture in a quantity just enough to bind the mass. The wet mass was passed through 30-mesh and the resulting granules of 30/100-mesh screen were collected and vacuum dried at 800C for 3 hour to facilate sublimation of camphor. The granules were mixed with the extragranular fraction of crospovidone. These granules were lubricated with a blend containing talc and magnesium stearate. The uniformly mixed blend was compressed into using single punch tablet machine to produce convex faced tablets. In Vitro studies were carried out in artificial saliva pH 5.8 for 1 hrs. After 1 hour all four formulation show above 95% drug release and formulation containing high ratio of camphor shows highest drug release nearly about 97 % after 1 hrs. The data obtained from in vitro dissolution studies were fitted to different dissolution models to know the release pattern. Regression analysis was performed and regression values ‗R2‘ were 0.972 to 0.993 for different formulations. Slope values (0.5 [Bromate]. Rate studies were carried out at a constant temperature. All the solution were thermostated for 30 minutes. Before mixing requisite amounts of Benzaldehyde, Acetic Acid, perchloric Acid, Mercuric Acetate, Sodium per chlorate were taken in a Jena Glass reaction vessel and placed in a water thermostate maintained at a desired temperature. The reaction was initiated by rapid addition Potassium Bromate solution and its progress followed by estimating Idometrically the amount of unconsumed bromate at regular interval of times. The stoichiometry of the Reaction was determined by mixing a known amount of substrate with a known excess of oxidant in experimental conditions. The stoichiometry is found to be 3:1 Benzonic Acid was identified as the product of oxidation of benzaldehyde. 3C6H5CHO + HBro3  3C6H5COOH + HBr The oxidation was fond to follow first order kinetic with respect to substrate. An increase in the benzaladehyde concentration results is increase of specific Rate. The plot of log k vs log [substrate] and 1/K obs vs 1/[substrate] were found to be linear. The Reaction is of first order with respect to [oxidant] and specific rate is independent of [Bromate]. Hence the reaction exhibits total second order kinetics, one with respect to each reactant. The rate law for the reaction is given by:d[BrO3–]

On the basis of Kinetic data, product analysis and stoiochiometry, a plausible mechanism and rate law has been proposed.

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= k2[Br O3–] [Benzaldehyde]

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– dt


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Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Triorganotin(IV) Complexes of Schiff Base Garima Matelaa*, Robina amana, Poonam Chanda, Manjulata Upadyayb a

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, S.S.J.Campus Almora-263 601, India b

Department of Botany, Kumaun University, S.S.J.Campus Almora-263 601, India

Organotin(IV) complexes show a spectrum of biological effects and have been extensively studied in various biological fields such as anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, insecticidal and anti-microbial activities. It is worth noting that, for a long time, organotin(IV) complexes have been widely used in a variety of industrial and beneficial use in agricultural applications.On the other hand, Schiff bases are very important ligands in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields because of their wide spectrum of biological activities. Most of them show biological activities such as antinematicidal, anti-insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti HIV, anti-inflammatory as well as antitumor activity. The rapid development of these ligands resulted in an advance research activity in the field of coordination chemistry leading to very interesting conclusions.The organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have received notable attention in view of their structural chemistry and the coordination mode between tin metal and the ligand has been studied from the last decade due to their versatile and significant biological activities. Regarding this, the conformation and geometry and biological activity of triorganotin(IV) complexes of Schiff basesnamely, N(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine, have been investigated. In the present study, we have replaced halogen of triorganotin with isopropoxide group by reacting them to sodium isopropoxide. The triorganotin isopropoxides were isolated and reacted to ligand. These reactions proceed with the liberation of isopropanol,

been made to elucidate the structure of the resulting complexes on the basis of elemental, azeotrope and

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gravimetric analysis and conductivity measurement. The precise information about their structure is obtained

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which is fractionated out azeotropically and estimated to monitor the completion of reaction.An attempt has

from IR and 1H NMR spectral measurements. The binding site of the ligand was identified by IR spectroscopic measurement. All the complexes exhibit good antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungi namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. st



ISSN: 0975-8232



PRONIOSOMES-A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM *Gourav Chaudhary, Aditya Sharma, Lalatedu Mohanty Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chauras Campus, H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Garhwal Uttarakhand-246174, India A comprehensive research has been done in pharmaceutical nanotechnology in last few years, which impact revolutionary changes in the field of pharmaceutical sciences including drug delivery, diagnostic etc. The advances in pharmaceutical nanotechnology helps in preparing newer formulation in pharmaceutical industry one of the advancement in pharmaceutical nanotechnology is the preparation of proniosomes derived niosome.Proniosomes are dry formulation of water soluble carrier particles that are coated with non-ionic surfactants and can be converted into niosomes immediately before use by hydration.proniosomes are preferred over niosomes because they minimize the problems of niosomes physical stability like sedimentation, aggregation or fusion and leaking, and provide additional convenience in transportation, distribution, storage and dosing. These proniosomes derived niosomal are as good as or even better than conventional niosomes. The powder form provides optical flexibility, unit dosing in which the proniosome powder is provided in capsules, tablet could be beneficial. Proniosomes are generally two types-Dry granular proniosomes, Liquid crystalline proniosomes and they are generally prepared by slurry method, slow spraycoating method, and coacervation phase separation method. Proniosomes are promising drug carriers for the future with greater physical and chemical stability and potentially scalable for commercial viability. Proniosomes has attracted a great deal of attention for the delivery of drugs through transdermal route because of the advantages like non-toxicity and penetration enhancing effect of surfactants and effective modification

research in the field of proniosomes.

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advantages over other delivery system, formulation methods, method of characterization and the current

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of drug release properties.This article focuses on the recent advances in proniosomal drug delivery, potential


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IN VITRO Α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY AND IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) Joohee Pradhan* Dept. of Pharmaceutical sciences, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India

Treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly depend on the chemical or biochemical agents, but the fact is that nobody has recovered totally from diabetes. With the distinctive traditional medical opinions and natural medicines mainly originated in herbs, the mucilage of traditional vegetable Abelmoschus esculentus performed good against increased blood sugar and is showing a bright future in the therapy of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the chemical and pharmacological research work, we hereby report that the mucilage of A. esculentus can aid to the anti diabetic therapy as it caused a statistically significant (p

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