souvenir

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress ______________________________________ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013)

3rd International Science Congress

ISC-2013 th

th

8 - 9 December-2013

SOUVENIR Innovation with Global Responsibility

Venue

Karunya University Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA Organized by

International Science Congress Association International Science Congress Association


3rd International Science Congress www.isca.in, www.isca.me

ISC-2013 8th & 9th December-2013

SOUVENIR Innovation with Global Responsibility Venue

Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Organized by

International Science Congress Association 427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP- Road, Indore, MP, India

Prof. Dipak Sharma Editor-in-Chief and Director [email protected] +91-9302232884 International Science Congress Association

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International E - Publication 427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA Phone: +91-731-2616100, Mobile: +91-80570-83382 Website: www.isca.in, www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in E-mail: [email protected]

© Copyright Reserved 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-93-83520-25-1

International Science Congress Association

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ISC- 2013 Inaugural Ceremony Sunday, 8th December 2013, Time 10:00 am

Inauguration By Dr. K. Ramasamy Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. E.J. James Vice Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Robert C. Schneider Professor, Sport Management Coordinator Sport Management Program, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, New York, US

ISC-2013 Valedictory Ceremony Monday, 9th December 2013, Time 03:30 pm

Felicitation By Dr. E.J. James Vice Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Prof. Swapan Kumar Chakrabarti Professor, Department of Physics MMAM College, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr. Habeeb S. Naher Professor, Conference President Medical Microbiology-Bacteriology, College of Medicine, Babylon University, Iraq International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress ______________________________________ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) ISC 2013 Organizing-Committee

ISC-2013 Apex Committee

Chief Patron, Dr. Paul Dhinakaran Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Advisor Professor MacDonald Idu Vice-Chancellor, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, West Africa

Patron Dr. Jeyakumar Daniel Chancellor Representative, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Advisor Dr. G. S. Mukherjee Scientist-F/ Additional Director, DRDO, Ministry of Defense, Govt. of India, India

Patron Dr. E.J. James Vice Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Advisor Dr. N.C. Jain Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, MP, India

Patron Dr. C. Joseph Kennady Registrar, Karunya University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India

Convenor Dr. Cesar G. Demayo Professor and Chairperson, University Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Philippines

Chairman Dr. M. Patrick Gomez Director, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Co-Convenor Dr. Subramayan Vasudevan Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

Co-Chairman Dr. J.Jannet Vennila Head, Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

President Dr. Habeeb S. Neher Professor, Babylon University, Iraq

Organizing Secretary Dr. Narendhirakanan RT Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Coordinator Prof. Swapan Kumar Chakrabarti MMAM College, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

Coordinator Reception Dr. P. Jegathambal Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Convenor Sectional Programme Dr. Ajay S. Singh Department of AEM University of Swaziland, Swaziland

Coordinator Sectional Program Dr. Philomena George Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Coordinator Hospitality Dr. Jesse Joel T. Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Vrindavan, Mathura, UP, India

Core Member Dr. N. Prabhavathy Devi Queen Mary’s College, Tamil Nadu, India Core Member Dr. S. Ariponnammal Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India

Prof. Dr. Dipak Sharma Director and Editor-in-Chief Mob.: +91-9302232884, E-mail: [email protected] International Science Congress Association

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CONTENTS Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Sections Agriculture and Forestry Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-2AVFS Biological Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS Chemical Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-4CS Computer and Information Technology Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-5CITS Earth and Geological Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-6EGS Engineering Sciences SCA-ISC-2013-7EngS Environmental Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-8EVS Forensic Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-9FS Family, Community and Consumer Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-10FCCS Material Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-11MatS Mathematical and Statistical Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-12MSS Medical Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-13MediS Pharmaceutical Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-14PCS Physical Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-15PhyS Physical Education and Sports Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-16PESS Educational Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-17EduS Commerce, Law and Management Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-18CLMS Library Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-19LS Social and Humanity Sciences ISCA-ISC-2013-20SHS


Page No. 03 39 53 94 129 135 139 159 181 182 185 194 200 215 223 237 239 242 246 247

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4th International Science Congress (ISC-2014) 8th - 9th December 2014

Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India www.isca.in, www.isca.me, www.isca.net.co

Focal Theme: Global Research: Enhancements, Reform and Commercialization There are twenty sections namely: 1. Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 2. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 3. Biological Sciences, 4. Chemical Sciences, 5. Computer and Information Technology Sciences, 6. Earth and Geological Sciences, 7. Engineering Sciences (Civil, Electrical, Electronics, Mechanical, Textile, etc.), 8. Environmental Sciences, 9. Forensic Sciences, 10. Family, Community and Consumer Sciences, 11. Material Sciences 12. Mathematical and Statistical Sciences 13. Medical Sciences, 14. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15. Physical Sciences, 16. Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17. Educational Sciences, 18. Commerce, Law and Management, 19. Library Sciences 20. Social and Humanity Sciences: Anthropological, Behavioral Sciences, Sociology, Economics, Political Science, Geography, Drawing, Music, Dance, Philosophy, History and Languages, Journalism and Role of Media, NGOs and their roll.

Please mention the section and preferences for oral or poster presentation Abstracts will be published in Souvenir with ISBN. Print Souvenir ISBN 978-93-83520-28-2 E-Souvenir ISBN 978-93-83520-27-5 After approval of two experts, we will publish full papers in special issue of an international peer reviewed journal “Research Journal of Recent Sciences” (ISSN 2277-2502) ISI (Thomson Reuters) covered.

Award:

International Young Scientist Award – For Best Oral Presentation International Young Scientist Award – For Best Poster Presentation International Best Oral Presentation Award International Best Poster Presentation Awards

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013)

Utilitarian Moral Theory: A Guide for Innovation with Global Responsibility Dr. Robert C. Schneider Professor, Sport Management Coordinator, Sport Management Program, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, New York 14420, US

Innovation when combined with appropriate business practice can produce outcomes that dramatically impact the global society. Thomas Edison’s invention of the light bulb paved the way for nocturnal activities that did not exist prior to artificial light. Henry Ford’s development of motor cars provided people with an independent means to rapidly travel to destinations previously not accessible. Amelia Earhart’s transatlantic flight began a gender equity conversation that continues today in the U.S. More recently, the electronic innovations by Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs revolutionized communication in a way the world has never before experienced. Pierre de Coubertin’s vision to create the 1896 Modern Olympic Games continues to tremendously impact athletes, fans, and media personnel throughout the world. Staying power alone serves as general evidence that the global impact of these wide ranging innovations, has been and continues to be positive. However, a responsible approach to new innovation is one that does not merely assume that practical outcomes resulting from innovation will ultimately serve the long term global good of human kind. Under the premise that to be good is to be responsible, utilitarian moral theory can serve as a guide to help determine whether innovations of today are responsible. The use of utilitarian moral theory can help predict the extent to which particular innovations, regardless of discipline, supports the best interests of a global society. Achieving happiness is a central component of utilitarian John Stuart Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principle and must also be a central focus of attempts to determine if outcomes of innovations will result in an overall happiness of a global society. Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham also focused on happiness as a reflection of morality when he pointed out the necessity of understanding the elicitation of pleasures and pains when attempting to predict collective happiness. Outcomes from innovation should also be measured from the perspective of Bentham’s and Mill’s utilitarian beliefs, expressed by Beauchamp who declared that when predicting happiness a heavy reliance on common sense, habits, and past experience should be emphasized.

Contemporary Innovation Challenges and Responsibility of Researchers G.S. Mukherjee Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Defence Research & Development Organization, Metcalfe House DRDO Complex, New Delhi-110 054 INDIA Innovation is the soul of a dynamic system for progress of civilization. It is an inexhaustible force for the prosperity of a community or a society and nation at large. Without innovations, enterprises would proceed towards extinction; so it is, in a way, the life force for any dynamic system. However, it is a double-edged sword as it often entails certain risk factors while seeking immediate solution through short term gain. Innovations may appear as proper innovation, improper innovation and uncertain innovation. The proper innovation is beneficial to the holistic growth to help improve people’s quality of life for a healthy and harmonious human society with high social value and satisfaction. Obviously, improper innovation is harmful through which industries or institutes for example, may deceive the quality inspection for immediate short term gain. On the other hand, uncertain innovation particularly requires proper attention for assessment with reference to the risk of uncertainty and its long term effects on health of a society; for example, genetically modified biotechnologies and the use of a variety of food additives or for that matter of nuclear energy or radiation resource and vice versa require special care and judicious judgment. Year 2013 will remain memorable in the sense that it is the centenary year of many of the new inventions and innovations of modern civilization. The year 2013 marks the 100th year of Niels Bohr who unveiled the model of the Hydrogen Atom. Many believe modern path breaking innovation came into existence with the enunciation of the quantum theory by Neils Borh in the year 1913. In the same year 1913, Bragg diffraction (also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg – the father-son duo presented their work at the Royal Society of London about the reflection of X-rays by crystals which is very helpful to understand the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure. This year 2013 is also the 100th anniversary year of the landmark experiment conducted by Moseley to establish the classical correlation of atomic number (Z) of the elements with the 1 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) frequency (n) of x-ray emitted from the corresponding targeted atoms what is later known by the name of Moseley’s law. Moseley modified Mendeleev’s belief in the sense that Moseley’s experimental evidence was so class apart that it impacted the concept of construction of Mendeleev’s periodic table. In fact, such innovative impact led to reconfiguration of the Mendeleev’s old table to a new version in which it accommodated not only the existing elements but also gave space for inclusion of possible future elements to be discovered in course of time through human endeavor. Thus, such quest for invention and innovations of human race never stopped but continued to cascade its success in the endeavor is due to continuous effort to upgrade the scientific knowledge and try for technological innovations. Science is not only concerned with the material aspects of mankind but is also trying to unfold the mysteries of creation of earth of this solar system and the universe with an effort to discover Hoggs boson or what is called God-particle to understand how mass is accumulated on the matter. With this mission of mankind, Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been built up and is hailed as the biggest scientific and engineering accomplishment to explore towards understanding how the universe came to acquire its current shape. With the discovery of Higgs boson particles, Peter Higgs got the Nobel Prize this year. With such overwhelming success of the LHC, this year 2013 Physicists plan to build a bigger LHC (large hadron collider) what is now termed as VLHC (very large hadron collider); Discoveries at the LHC, now being upgraded and will inform designs for the next accelerator. Such accelerator ring would be 100 kilometres around and run at seven times the energy of the LHC. In fact, LHC is the most expensive and largest international project venture of science where scientists selected from different countries across the globe have been working in close cooperation. Thus, the practice of science is truly a global culture because in today’s society where science is broadly integrated towards enhancing every aspects of human welfare and enquire. Thus, global culture of research has brought about a perceptible change in the mindset of scientists to adopt the new concept of innovations for better gain. Online Science Games are a new way of innovations where it combines science with fun. Such online games have led to the solving of mysteries that have plagued scientists for a long time. ‘Foldit’ is one of such online games has drawn great attention among the researchers because it showed how a group of some video gamers could solve the structure of Simian AIDS-causing Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) which puzzled the scientists for so many years. This was possible because of the computer game ‘Foldit’ and the solution was so good that enabled the scientist to fine tune the methodology to get the crystal structure of the protein. Such innovative methodology can be so interesting that many of the most complex molecular problems can be solved by just playing through simple online game. Foldit is a revolutionary new computer game enabling one to contribute to important scientific research. Such game is literally based on the operation of folding patterns of peptides and protein formation. Structure of proteins greatly influence their function, so even a small change in the folding pattern can bring about a huge change in the protein function. The complexity of the three-dimensional, 3D structure and its close association with protein function all along perplexed the researchers until the innovation of ‘Foldit’ which attempted to predict the structures of proteins by taking advantage of the puzzle-solving spatial intuitions. And people play competitively to get best folded structure. Players can design brand new proteins that could help tackle important diseases. Some of the most fatal diseases like AIDS, Alzheimer, and Cancer under study. One can participate in such innovative program by solving the protein mysteries through ‘Foldit’ approach. It has been an established fact that scientific research and innovation are essential for the growth and progress of civilization and society. But researchers’ responsibility is to assess the pros and cons meticulously and decide what gives the best in totality for the society. This international conference provides a scope for discussion towards integrating the whole research community of the globe. In this conference, it will be of interest to discuss the topics of the global challenges in relation to handling the new innovations and issues like green technology, energy from various angles to encourage collaborative activities for innovation in favor of the holistic benefit.

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-01

Amylase Production and Diversity in Seed-Borne Fungi of Pearl millet and their control Measures D.N. Khairnar Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, KAANMS, Arts, Commerce and Science College Satana, Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract: Twenty three fungal species were found associated with seeds of eight cultivars of pearl millet. Maximum fungi were reported from seeds of var. BJ- 104 and ICMS-7703.Starch nitrate medium was more favourable than glucose nitrate and bajra flour nitrate medium for amylase production by fungi. Maximum amylase production was produced by Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia pallecens and nil by Cladosporium herbarium. Amylase production was completely inhibited by Foltaf and Zincop and they followed by Hexafer-10, Dithane M-45, Zineb-75, Bavistin, Captan and Dithante Z-78. Keywords: Seed-borne fungi, Pearl millet, Amylase, control. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-02

The Fertilizer Substitution Potential of Human Urine from Ecosan Toilet Systems for Vegetable Production Sridevi G.1 Srinivasamurthy C.A.1 and Joshi Mukund 2 1Department

of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA 2Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA

Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing focus on technology development in sanitation which is safe and enabling more efficient and effective recovery of resources in human waste. ECOSAN Toilet is a concept widely used and aims to prevent and reduce water pollution, and to safely reuse human urine in agriculture. In this context, field experiment was conducted to study the effect of human urine with combination of FYM, and chemical fertilizers as nutrient sources of fertilization on the yield of different vegetable crops in succession for 2 years in the same field was done with 10 treatment combinations. The constituent of human urine collected from persons of different age group of non-vegetarian diet was slightly higher compared to urine from persons of vegetarian diet. In the field experiment at the University farm, yield of all the crops was significantly highest in treatment receiving human urine + FYM followed by human urine alone. Generally the results showed that human urine compared well with urea as a source of N for crops and does not pose any significant hygienic threats and in food products. Keywords: Cow urine, FYM, yield, Human urine and chemical fertilizers ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-03

Effect of different Seed treatment on Germination and Seedling Growth in Acacia Mangium Gunjan Patil Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA

Abstract: Effect seed germination and seedling growth are an important stage of the plant for establishing them in an environment for entire life. Seeds always react with various climatic stress as per their genetically and physiological potential and finally reflected in germination and seedling vigour. Seed germination and seedling vigour of Acacia mangium is affected with series of experiments conducted in the standard laboratory condition. Concentrate H2SO4 was received maximum germination in 10 minutes scarification (90.67%) and also high growth of seedling in respect to all parameters. Most suitable temperature was found for germination 32°C (97.33 %) and poor germination at the 40°C (36.0 %). Moisture stress was showed germination decrease with increase concentrations and poor growth in seedlings Maximum in control (97.33 %) and minimum in 10 atm (5.33 %). Keywords: Scarification, Germination, Moisture Stress and Seed vigour etc. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-04

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Grain development of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linn.) Dhixya Deve K.R. and Bhavani Sanker K. Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: The investigation was carried out to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and development of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linn.) at Forest College and Research Institute, 3 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) Mettupalayam. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The trial included treatment combinations of 100 per cent inorganic NPK, 25 per cent N as Neem Coated Urea (NCU) + 75 per cent N as Urea, 50 per cent N as NCU + 50 per cent N as Urea, 75 N as NCU + 25 per cent N as Urea, 25 per cent N organic (FYM) + 75 per cent N inorganic (Urea), 50 per cent N organic + 50 per cent N inorganic and 75 per cent N organic + 25 per cent N inorganic. In all the treatments recommended doses of P and K were applied in full doses. The results revealed that the growth parameters such as plant height, earhead length, 100% flowering, days to maturity and grain yield (974.07 Kg/ ha) were significantly increased by the application of 50 per cent N as NCU + 50 per cent N as urea when compared to the control (398.00 Kg/ ha). Keywords: Grain Amaranth, Urea, Neem Coated Urea, FYM, growth, grain yield. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-05

Mitigating Climate Change through Fodder Cultivation Rajkumar J.S.I. 1, Nishanth B.2 Meenakshi Sundaram S.1, Sankaran V.M. 3 and Sivakumar T.4 1Department

of Livestock Production and Management, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA University Training and Research Centre, Parakkai (Post) Kanyakumari (District), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, INDIA 3Department of Agronomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA 4Faculty of Food Sciences, College of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

2Veterinary

Abstract: Major domain of agricultural cropping system is questioned for its contribution to carbon flux in soil. Enhancing the organic carbon pool in this system is therefore necessary to reduce environmental degradation and maintain agricultural productivity towards global warming. A field experiment was conducted to quantify changing dynamics of soil organic carbon storage by forage crops. Four types of forage crops; fodder maize and fodder cowpea of annual, hedge Lucerne and hybrid Napier of perennial were cultivated in Ramayanpatti village (Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu, India), using split plot method following guidelines of TNAU, with minimal usage of fertilizers and maximum input of farm yard manure. The experiments were conducted in triplicates, with control the results showed a significance of P benzene > carbon tetrachloride with benzaldehydes and chlorosubstituted benzaldehyde as one of the components. Keywords: Density, Dielectric constant, Hydrogen bonding, Refractive index, solvent, Solute. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-28

Efficient Regeneration and Hardening of Popular Semi Dwarf Indica Rice (Oryza sativa. L) ‘Cv IR36’ S. Radhesh Krishnan, A. Mohana Priya and M. Ramesh Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Rice is the staple diet for almost a third of the world’s population. Improvement of the rice varieties with upper harvests, excellent grain quality and resistance to several stresses can alleviate problems associated with yield. To meet the ever increasing demand for rice, biotechnological intervention for its improvement using genetic engineering has become increasingly important. In this report, we have established a highly efficient and reproducible plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from various explants such as mature seed, coleoptile, leaf base, leaf blade and root of IR36 an early maturing, high yielding, insect and disease resistant rice variety (IRRI). The explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) alone and of 2, 4-D with combination of Kinetin (Kn) or Benzyladenine (BA). The maximum callus induction was observed on 2,4-D with Kn. The calli were subcultured and transferred to regeneration medium (MS basal supplemented with various concentrations International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) of BA alone and with Naphthalene acetic acid). The highest frequency of regeneration with maximum shoot height was observed using BAP and NAA. In vitro established plantlets were successfully acclimatized under in vivo conditions with high frequency. Furthermore, genetic transformation of IR36 is in progress. Keywords: Efficient Regeneration, hardening, popular semi dwarf, indica rice (Oryza sativa. L), ‘Cv IR36 ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-29

Mapping QTLS for Physiological Traits in Backcross Inbred Population of Rice (Oryza Sativa l.) Under Severe Water Deficit Condition S.Ramchander1, S.Robin2 and M.Raveendran3 1Department

of Plant Breeding and Genetics, AC and RI, Madurai, INDIA for Plant Breeding and Genetics, TNAU, Coimbatore, INDIA 3Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CPMBandB, TNAU, Coimbatore, INDIA 2Centre

Abstract: The present investigation mainly focused to study the physiological and molecular characterization of 101 Backcross Inbred Lines (BILs) of rice (BC1F5) for drought resistance derived from the cross combination of Norungan // TKM 9/ Norungan. The traits like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were observed using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and the population was phenotyped for other traits. The result obtained from genetic parameter estimation exhibits that, among the physiological traits observed using IRGA, the trait transpiration rate recorded higher value of heritability (0.28) and genetic advance (17.49). Association analysis also recorded that, all the physiological traits studied under severe water deficit condition had high and significant positive correlation with plot yield. The trait photosynthetic rate had exhibit significant positive correlation with transpiration rate and stomatal conductance but recorded negative correlation with RWC. Single marker analysis (QTL cartographer) was performed with the genetic data and the trait mean values observed in stress condition. Among 167 SSR (microsatellite) markers surveyed, around 15 markers were identified and found to be linked to at least one of the investigated trait and many markers were reported to be linked with more than one trait. Characterization of Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought resistance in this study provides insight into an understanding of the mode of drought resistance in rice and to perform MAS (Marker aided selection) aimed at the efficient pyramiding of favorable QTL alleles to improve drought resistance in rice. Keywords: Drought, Backcross inbred lines, Infra red gas analyzer, Microsatellites and Quantitative trait loci (QTLs). ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-30

Isolation and Identification of Agarwood Fungi M. Sangareswari Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamilnadu, INDIA

Abstract: Studies were carried out in Forest College and Research Institute for isolation and identification of agar wood fungi. Infected agarwood samples were collected from Dibrugarh, Hojai and Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat of Assam, Sarkkapathi, Aliyar Nagar of Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu and Kumily, Idukki District of Kerala. Seventeen fungal cultures were isolated in Potato Dextrose Agar medium by pure culture technique. Based on the cultural characters fungal isolates were tentatively identified as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lasiodiploidea, Chaetomium and Penicillium and these fungi were classified into five different groups. Aspergillus was isolated from Aliyar Nagar and Kerala while Lasiodiploidea was isolated from all locations. Fusarium was present in Dibrugarh and Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorghat wood samples. Likewise Chaetomium and Penicillium was found in agarwood samples collected from Aliyar Nagar. The current study revealed that fungal isolates AR-4(Aspergillus sp) and K-1 (Aspergillus sp) play a significant role in agarwood formation. In future, these fungal cultures may be used for further studies in artificial agar production. Keywords: Agarwood fungi- Isolation of fungi– identification of fungi –Potato Dextrose Agar-fungal cultures ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-31

Towards Sustainability: A Plan to Minimize External Inputs and Maximize Outputs Kittur Nazhat National Institute of Agribusiness Management, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA

Abstract: Sustainable agriculture is the method of cultivating crops, rearing livestock and other organisms using the principles of ecology. It establishes a relation between various life forms and the environment surrounding them. A farmer can maximize his profits by minimizing the cost he incurs from external inputs. He can adopt various enterprises on the same farm. These units comprise of apiary with sunflower, dairy, fisheries, cereal with legume crop rotation, International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) commercial crop with legume crop rotation, hydroponically cultivated strawberries, kitchen garden, biogas unit, rainwater harvesting structure, vermicomposting etc. The farm surrounded by forest trees will add to the security. This paper reveals such a plan where in the owner is satisfied of the food and fibre needs, the environmental quality is enhanced and natural resources are preserved. This model makes the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrates them in an efficient and sustainable manner. It also sustains the economic viability of the farmer and his enterprise. Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, hydroponics, vermicomposting, rainwater harvesting, apiary, biogas plant. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-32

Effect of Selected Treatments on the Anti Nutritional Factors in Horse Gram (Macrotylomauniflorum) Flour Thirukkumar.S1 and Premalatha.M.R2, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Horse gram is one of the under exploited grain legumes with great potential in sustainable agriculture. It is a good source of dietary fibre, protein, calcium and iron. Further the soaking and drying and roasting of horse gram flour can reduce anti nutritional factors. Horse gram was soaked in sufficient water for 12 hours with periodical change of water every four hours. It was then dried in hot air oven at 60ºC and then powdered. In another processing method the horse gram was roasted for 10 minutes on low flame, cooled and powdered. Horse gram contained 10.20mg/g phytate and 16.12mg/g tannin. It was found that on processing, the phytate and tannin content were reduced. Phytate content reduced to 1.49 mg/g on roasting and after soaking and drying phytate content 4.38mg/g. Similarly tannins reduced from 16.12mg/g to 8.38mg/g reduction on roasting and to 10.30mg/g diminution on soaking. Theobserved reduction effects suggestion for possible enhancement in quality and safety with increasing processing horse gram incorporated food products. Roasting further improved the studied anti-nutritional properties of horse gram flour, hence may be preferred to soaking and drying for processing horse gram. Keywords: Horse gram, Soaking and Drying, Roasting, Tannin, Phytate, ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-33

Samagra: An Innovative Experimental Model for Agricultural Technology Commercialization from Kerala M. Esakkimuthu1, C. Bhaskaran2, C. Lawrence Prabu3 and S. Thirumalai Kannan3 1Department

of Agricultural Extension and Communication, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA 2College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University,Vellayani,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA 3Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: The ‘Samagra’ project on Banana cultivation is a flagship project with multistakeholer partnerships in Kerala,India. Launched in 2007 by the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat and Kudumbashree Mission(one of the world’s leading and successful poverty eradication programme), the aim of the project is enhancing banana productivity through the promotion of innovations in technical backstopping. Decentralised planning and development have taken rapid strides in Kerala since 1996.Research and Development organisations have lent good technical support to the Local Self Governments(LSGs) in the ideation, design and implementation of myriad projects. In the agricultural sector too, many demand-driven initiatives towards technology commercialisation have been observed. For ensuring sustainability of these projects, an element of innovation has to be inculcated in the technical backstopping lest the projects will depend always on external sources which may defeat the avowed objective of decentralised development planning. The Samagra (Comprehensive) Project on banana cultivation implemented at the initiative of the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat (TDP) since 2007 stands out in the matter of innovative processes, procedures and institutions which are analysed in this paper. The Samagra Project on Banana cultivation is conceived on the Rural Business Hub (RBH) model of one village-one product. It is a multi-stakeholder participatory effort in agricultural development emphasising on 5 Ps-Public-Private-Panchayat-People Partnerships.The partners in the Project are theTDP,Kudumbashree Mission, The Agricultural Department, the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU),the State Horticultural Mission, the Nationalised Banks, and the private partner Prowins Agrisystems Ltd. The total project cost is Rs.42 crores envisaged to cover 2400ha. under banana crop in 45 Grama Panchayat areas during 2007-2010 involving 2500 activity groups of the” Kudumbashree Mission”. This Project also come out with policy following recommendations are made to ensure effective implementation of the ‘Samagra’ Project in the future. Keywords: Innovation, Multistakeholer, Decentralization, Demand-Driven, Technology. International Science Congress Association

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Impact of Seed Village Scheme on Adoption Behaviour of Chickpea (Cicer Aritinum) Growers in Kiranapur Block Dist. in MP, India Pankaj Bahekar1, J.P. Srivastava1 and Pankaj K. Verma2 1Department

of Agricultural Extension and Communication SHIATS, Allahabad, UP, INDIA of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS, Allahabad, UP, INDIA

2Deptartment

Abstract: Chickpea is a major pulse crop of Rabi season in Madhya Pradesh. The declining trend in pulses especially chickpea is reflected in the fact that daily net per capita availability of Chickpea has gone down because of the low productivity. Non-availability of quality seeds was the one of the major reasons. In order to fulfill this need Seed Village Scheme was launched to provide quality seed with technical quidance to its Beneficiaries. To evaluate the impact of the Chickpea along with the variables related with the level of adoption an investigation was carried out during February 2013 to June 2013 in Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh covering 120 respondents (60 Beneficiaries and 60 Nonbeneficiaries) selected randomly from purposively selected Kirnapur block of the district. The findings inferred that most of the respondents in both the group belonged to medium level of socio-economic status. The knowledge and adoption level of Beneficiaries respondents were found to be greater than those of Non-beneficiaries respondents which clearly indicated the efficient extension approaches of the scheme. Selected socio-economic characteristics were found to be positive and significantly correlated with the adoption behavior of Beneficiaries. However, disease and pest resistant varieties availability, credit facility, arranging regulated market for better prices, were some of the suggestion given by the respondents for enhancement of the adoption level and productivity as well. Keywords: knowledge, adoption and seed village scheme. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-35

Expression of codA gene for Choline Oxidase alleviates Salinity induced Oxidative Stress in Root Nodules of Medicago truncatula C. Appunu1,2, Vanesa S. Garcia de la Torre1, Teodoro Coba de la Pena1, M. M. Lucas1 and J. J. Pueyo1 1Department

of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Centre for Environmental Sciences, CSIC, Serrano, Madrid, SPAIN 2Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Division of Crop Improvement, Coimbatore, INDIA

Abstract: The ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen efficiently in root nodules has been exploited with conspicuous success in agriculture. Symbiotic root nodule nitrogen-fixing activity is highly sensitive to saline conditions. Enhanced tolerance to high salinity has been observed with transgenic plants expressing choline oxidase (codA) gene, which accumulates high levels of glycinebetaine (GB). To study the effect on root nodule nitrogen fixation under saline conditions, codA gene from Arthrobacter globiformis was introduced into the model legume Medicago truncatula through transformation. Nodule nitrogenase activity was evaluated after 3, 5 and 7 days of saline conditions (100 mM) in transgenic plants that showed high GB accumulation levels. Transgenic Medicago lines showed significantly higher nitrogen fixation activities. MDA is a cytotoxic product of membrane lipid peroxidation, and its accumulation is an index of cellular damage. Transgenic Medicago plants exposed to saline conditions recorded lower levels of MDA formation compared to the non-transgenic plants, suggesting alleviation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that lipid peroxidation is approximately twice as much in control nodules than in codA expressing nodules. These results indicate that codA transgenic Medicago lines are better adapted to saline conditions due to activation of the antioxidant response. Keywords: M. trauncatula, codA gene, nitrogen fixation, Saline conditions ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-36

Comparative study of Wood Physical and Mechanical properties of Melia dubia at different Age Gradation V. Saravanan, K.T. Parthiban, P. Kumar, S.Thiruneraiselvan, S. Umesh Khana and S. Vennila Dept. of Tree Breeding, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Study was carried out at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, India using different age gradation viz., three, four and five year of Melia dubia wood samples collected from the plantations raised at Kollegal, Samraj Nagar District, Karnataka to evaluate the Physical and mechanical properties. Five year-old M. dubia wood recorded maximum density (500.20 kg m-3) and specific gravity (0.60). Among the three age gradations studied five year old M. dubia registered maximum value for the parameters like static bending strength, Modulus of 15 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity, Compression Strength parallel to grain, Compression Strength perpendicular to grain, hardness, shearing stress parallel to grain, tensile stress parallel and perpendicular to grain, Nail-holding power, screwholding power, brittleness, and cleavage strength parallel to grain. The current study confirmed the suitability of five year old wood as raw material for plywood, pencil, packing cases, matchwood and light furniture industry. Keywords: Density; Specific gravity, Static bending strength; MOR; MOE; Compression strength; Stress. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-37

Compatibility of Plant extracts with Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae Renu Pandey, Mona Joshi, Neeta Gaur, R. P. Maurya and A. K. Pandey Dept. of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA

Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi among other microbial pathogens have great potential for use as microbial pesticides by virtue of their unique properties and mode of action. Insecticidal properties of plants have been reported earlier. Increasing awareness about the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms and several plant-based products have been recommended in IPM programme. A combination of entomopathogenic fungi with plant based insecticides may provide a more sustainable pest management strategy at reduced cost. It is therefore, necessary to determine the compatibility of botanicals with entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore in present study the compatibility of aqueous leaf extract of neem, Datura, Bhang (Cannabis sp.), parthenium, eucalyptus with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was evaluated in vitro in Department of Entomology, G.B.P.U.A. andT., Pantnagar during 2012-13. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of each leaf extract on the vegetative growth and spore viability of fungus. The leaf extracts were incorporated to the culture medium (PDA +S) and distributed into Petri plates in the three concentrations: 0.15, 1.5 and 15 % (leaf aqueous extract). On the basis of the result presented for the plant products and toxicity for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, the neem leaf extract in the tested concentration was compatible with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae as compared to other botanical with 31.13 (highest conc.) to 24.21 per cent (lowest conc.) growth inhibition over control in B. bassiana. Similar results were obtained in case of M. anisopliae, spore viability is more in M. anisopliae as compared to B. bassiana. Maximum spore viability was also observed in neem. Maximum inhibitory effect was shown by parthenium and datura. Other plant extract like bhang and eucalyptus are somewhat compatible with some inhibitory effect. Besides little inhibitory effects of plant derived pesticides over the entomopathogenic fungi as compare to other tested insecticides and fungicides, these plant products could be used along with entomogenous fungi in bio-intensive pest management programme. Keywords: Compatibility, plant extracts, entomopathogenic, fungi, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-38 + Evaluating the efficacy of Herboliv on Crop growth and soil properties in

Farmland A.Selvaraju, R.Revathi, K.Baranidharan, I.Jaisankar, and C.N.Hariprasath Dept. of Wildlife Biology, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University Mettupalayam, TN, INDIA

Abstract: Study was carried out at Sirumugai range, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Herboliv+ (Organic and herbal product) was tested in agriculture fields (Sugarcane, Banana and Fodder grass) The Herboliv+ was applied by following various methods viz., Spraying, Drenching and Soil application by different combinations of application were followed. Besides this the efficacy of Herboliv+ on crop growth, yield and the changes in soil properties (chemical and biological properties) were observed from the observations recorded. Crop growth and yield of Herboliv+ treated sugarcane field has shown a maximum plant height (2.04 m) and maximum yield (107.00 t ha-1) in T7 treatment. The banana plant height and yield was found to be influenced due to Herboliv+ application in different treatments, where T7 treatment showed the maximum plant height (2.8 m) and bunch yield (20.50 t ha-1). Likely, fodder grass field has a maximum yield in T7 followed by T5 and minimum yield in T8 treatment. There is no significant changes in soil chemical properties (pH, EC, N, P and K) was observed in the Herboliv+ treated fields. Impact of soil nutrient status in Herboliv+ treated sugarcane indicates that the soil pH was found to vary only from 7.23 to 7.25 and electrical conductivity ranges from the 0.16 dSm1 to 0.17 dSm-1. The soil available nitrogen was high in T (251.83 kg ha-1) Similarly, available phosphorus and potassium 7 was maximum in T7 treatment (14.40 kg ha-1 and 291.93 kg ha-1) A similar trend of result was observed in fodder grass field with reference to soil chemical properties. A significant difference on soil biological properties (Bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes) was observed in the Herboliv+ treated fields. From this study it was observed that microbial population in Herboliv+ treated agriculture field has shown highest significant difference on soil biological properties in sugarcane International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) with values of 360.7 ×106 gram-1of soil, banana 56.0 ×105 gram-1 of soil, fodder 210.0 ×103 gram-1 of soil respectively in T7 treatment. The study results help to conclude that different mode of application of Herboliv+ treatment namely spraying; drenching and soil application has contributed to the crop growth, yield and biological properties (soil) of agriculture crops and did not have any significant effect on soil chemical properties. Keywords: Herboliv+, Sugarcane, Banana, Fodder grass, Chemical properties, Biological properties. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-39

Role of Hill Women in Farming Activities Singh Pratibha and Tewari Poonam Department of Home Science Extension, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. and T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA

Abstract: Women play a significant role in agriculture the world over. The nature and extent of their involvement differs with the variations in agro-production systems and with the land-owning status of farm households. Their key role as food producers and their crucial contribution to household food security varies from region to region and country to country. In overall farm production, women’s average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. In Uttarakhand hills women are the mainstay of agriculture. They play a crucial role in attaining family food security. Hill women’s knowledge has been the mainstay of crop production, animal husbandry, dairy, forestry and other allied activities. But despite this as farmers they remain invisible. The biggest constraint to the effective recognition of women’s actual roles in agriculture is the scarcity of gender-specific data available to technicians, planners and policy-makers. With this objective present study was conducted to know the role of hill women in farming activities. The study was conducted in five selected districts of Uttarakhand state. From each district two block, five villages and from each village 30 households were selected representing various landholding categories. Thus the data was collected from a total of 750 households. Participatory interview with structured interview schedule was used for eliciting the responses from the respondents. Findings reveal that hill women play a dominant role in farming activities. Women’s independent contribution was found to be 52.61 per cent in crop production, 58.21 per cent in post harvest management and 66.47 per cent in homestead gardening. It was followed by the joint role with male members (28.70%, 24.16% and 19.43% respectively). Regarding access and control over farm related resources, joint access and control of women and men was observed over majority of the resources. Since women perform majority of the activities alone, there is need of increasing rural women’s access and control over land, financial resources and market in order to achieve sustainable economic growth. Keywords: Hill women, role, responsibility, access, control ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-40

Susceptibility of Nursery Stocks of Apple Cultivars against Apple Woolly Aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Mid Hill Condition of Uttarakhand, India R. P. Maurya, A. K. Pandey, Renu Pandey and Mona Joshi Dept. of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA

Abstract: In total temperate fruits production, apple alone accounts more than 50 per cent of the total production, while the North-Western Himalayan region (JandK, H.P. and Uttarakhand) covers 95 per cent of total area and 85 per cent of the total production of all temperate fruits. Apple cultivation covers an estimated area of 0.21 million ha with a production of 1.1 million tonnes of fruit. Wooly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an insect pest that cause considerable damage to apple nursery stock and acts as reservoir for further dissemination of aphids from one region to other (Blackman and Eastop, 2000). Heavy infestations of woolly aphids result in formation of knot in root portion as well as aerial parts of plant. It also invites entry of the microbes which produce canker disease. Hence, it is mandatory to utilize insect free planting material from the healthy crop. Emphasis has been given on the chemo-intensive practices to manage this pest but its negative impact is also well evident. Therefore, there is urgent need to focus and adopt ecologically viable and environmental safe management strategies. In such situation utilization of resistant cultivars of apple against aphid is effective method. In view of the above, present investigation was carried out to select the resistant nursery stocks of apple cultivars against apple woolly aphid, E. lanigerum at Nursery Block of V.C.S.G. College of Horticulture, Pauri Garhwal during 2011-12. Nursery stocks of fifteen commonly used apple cultivars viz., Red Delicious, Oregan Spur, Faini, Golden Spur, Golden Delicious, Red Chief, Silver Spur, Bel Spur, Red Gold, Royal Delicious, Chaubatiya Prince, Star Krimson, Brighten Early, Golden Harnate and Macantose were screened against E. lanigerum under mid hill condition of Pauri Garhwal during 2010-11 and 2011-12. All the agronomic practices were adopted to grow healthy nursery stock of apple varieties. The data on aphid populations on each cultivar was recorded on International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) three randomly selected nursery plants at monthly intervals. Estimation of susceptibility was based upon a numeric scale of 0–4 (Bower, 1987). Non-significant difference was observed between the cultivars in respect of aphid colony/plant under natural field conditions. During 2010-11, the mean aphid colonies/plant varied from 2.0 to 6.3/plant, whereas, in subsequent year the observed aphid colonies/plant ranged from 1.0 to 3.7/plant. The results indicated that cultivar Royal Delicious and Star Krimson were least susceptible cultivars with mean aphid colony 2.0 and 2.67/plant, respectively, while others were moderately susceptible to E. lanigerum infestation. Very high mean aphid colony was recorded on Faini (5.0/plant) and Chaubatiya Prince (6.33/plant). Keywords: Susceptibility, nursery stocks, cultivars, woolly aphid, eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Under Mid Hill ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-41

Simultaneous separation and quantification of five phytohormones using HPTLC Ravi R. Patel and Vasudev R. Thakkar Lab 302#B BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120, Gujarat, INDIA

Abstract: New protocol for separation and quantification of five phytohormone simultaneously was designed based on HPTLC method. Culture filtrate of Pseudomonas bacteria was acidified with 7M HCl and extracted with an equal volume of ethyl acetate to separate ABA, JA, GA3 and IAA. Kinetin was extracted from the remaining water fraction of the same extract. Along with different standard hormones, various extracted sample were loaded on silica gel 60 F254 foil using Linomat-5 spray on applicator. Then TLC foils were developed in isopropanol–ammonia–water [10:1:1 (v/v)] as the mobile phase. Quantification of ABA, Kinetin, JA, GA3 and IAA were done by measuring the absorbance at 260, 275, 295, 265 and 280 nm respectively. HPTLC method was found to be rapid, sensitive and cost effective, which can be routinely used for simultaneous phytohormone detection in plant or bacterial samples. Keywords: HPTLC, Phytohormones, Quantification ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-42

Induction of Morphological Mutations in Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) by Recombination treatment of Gamma rays and EMS Usharani, K.S.*1, C.R. Ananda Kumar1 and C. Vanniarajan2 1Centre 2Agricultural

for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA College and Research Institute – Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the important, protein rich food legume crop of India. The improved cultivar of urdbean namely VBN 4 was treated with single and combination dose/concentration of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The mutagenic doses studied under field condition for gamma rays were 40kR to 60kR with an interval of 10kR, for EMS 50mM to 70mM with an interval of 10mM and for combination treatments viz., 40kR+50mM, 40kR+60mM, 40kR+70mM, 50kR+50mM, 50kR+60mM, 50kR+70mM, 60kR+50mM, 60kR+60mM, 60kR+70mM. A number of plant mutants viz., tall, dwarf type, spreading, semi spreading, compact, bushy, twinning type, leaf mutants, early type, late mutants, pod mutants, seed mutants, sterile type and anthocyanin pigmentation were obtained in M2 generation by various mutagenic treatments. The viable mutation frequency decreases with increasing doses of gamma rays. The highest frequency of mutants was recorded in 60mM of EMS treatment followed by 60kR+60mM of combination treatment. Keywords: Urdbean, gamma rays, EMS, morphological mutants. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-43

Study of Skewness in Maize Genotypes Abirami S.1 and C. Vanniarajan2 1Centre

for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA 2Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA

Abstract: An investigation was carried out using forty maize genotypes to study the measures of symmetry (skewness). Out of the 25 characters investigated, nine traits viz., leaf number, number of leaves above the uppermost cob, leaf length, leaf width, tassel branch, cob length, cob diameter, number of grain rows per cob and carotene content showed negative skewness values and hence in the frequency distribution curves, they were distributed in the right hand direction. This indicates the presence of additive gene action for these traits and hence they can be utilized as selection criteria while selecting the parents for hybridization programmes. The remaining sixteen characters such as days to 50 % tasseling, International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) days to 50 % silking, plant height, ear height, tassel length, number of grains per row, number of grains per cob, hundred grain weight, grain yield per plant, weight of the cob, shelling percentage, days to physiological maturity, total sugars, starch, protein content and oil content were skewed positively, indicating the presence of non additive gene action for these characters. These positively skewed characters can be used as selection indices for selecting the line for development of composites and synthetics in maize. Keywords: Maize genotypes, Skewness. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-44

Enhancing Rice Productivity through Integration of Organics and Zinc in A Zinc Deficient Soil Muthukumararaja T. and M.V. Sriramachandrasekharan Department of Soil Science and agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, INDIA

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in zinc deficient soils belonging to Vertisol (Typic Haplustert) and Entisol (Typic Ustifluvents) during Rabi season 2011-2012 to study in enhancing rice productivity through integration of organics and zinc in a zinc deficient soil. The treatment consisted of four zinc levels viz., Zn0 – control (no zinc), Zn1 – 2.5 mg kg1, Zn – 5.0 mg kg-1, Zn – 7.5 mg kg-1 and organic sources viz., OS – no organics (control), OS – FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1, 2 3 0 1 OS2 – Green manure @ 6.5 t ha-1, OS3 – Poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 and OS4 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1. The test crop was rice var. ADT 36. The results revealed that grain and straw yield was significantly enhanced on addition of graded dose of zinc, organics or in combination in both soils. The highest grain yield (5600, 5910 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7783, 7893 kg ha-1) was noticed with 5 mg Zn kg-1 in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. The percent increase in grain and straw yield was (18.2, 16.7) and (16.3, 14.5) due to 5.0 mg Zn kg-1 over control in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. Similarly, addition of poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (5747, 6039 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7951, 8084 kg ha-1) in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively and was comparable with vermicompost but superior to rest of organics. But combined application of 5 mg Zn kg-1 + poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (6103, 6344 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8369, 8459 kg ha-1) in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. The highest Zn uptake and DTPA-Zn was noticed on addition of poultry manure along with 7.5 mg Zn kg-1 at all stages of crop growth. Zinc use efficiency of rice was highest with 2.5 mg Zn kg-1 application and declined with higher levels of Zn. Addition of organics improved zinc use efficiency over control. But highest ZnUE was noticed with 2.5 mg Zn kg-1 + poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 and was comparable with vermicompost. Keywords: Zinc sulfate, Organics and Rice. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-45

Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria from Forest soils for in vitro study on Phosphate Solubilization and Crop growth Enhancement in Rice David Paul Raj R. S, Linda. R. and Rhema Susan Babyson Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya Inst. of Tech. and Sci., Karunya University, Coimbatore, INDIA

Abstract: Root-associated bacteria have a great influence on organic matter decomposition which in turn is reflected in soil nutrient availability for plant growth. Plant growth promoting bacteria often help increase root surface area to increase nutrient uptake and in turn enhance plant production. In addition, phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are important for crop plants as they increase phosphorous uptake and play a crucial role as PGPR in the Crop growth enhancement. In the present study, a total of 53 bacterial isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils samples of Siruvani forest, Coimbatore. The phosphate solubilizing and plant growth promoting efficacy the promising bacteria was determined under in-vitro conditions. 16S rDNA sequencing of the promising phosphate solublizing isolates were performed and based on the sequence homology studies using BLAST and CLUSTAL W2 analysis the isolates were identified to be Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas panipatensis, Sinomonas atrocyanea and Pseudomonas monteilii. This is a first attempt and report of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from forest soils of Siruvani forest, South India. Keywords: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria; Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; 16S rDNA sequencing. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-46

Bioinoculants for Moisture Stress Management in Chickpea M. Senthilkumar Division of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024-Uttar Pradesh, INDIA Abstract: Rhizobacteria are reported to confer drought tolerance in plants by a process referred as induced systemic International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) tolerance (IST). IAA and cytokinins producing rhizobacteria altered root architecture, which resulted in increased root surface area and number of root tips. Endophytic bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria enhanced the plant resistance to drought, accelerated callose accumulation and cell wall lignifications of sieve cells. Synergistic effects of different strains of P. polymyxa on IST are also reported. ACC (1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylate) deaminase producing rhizobacteria conferred IST by reducing stress ethylene level at root system and preventing inhibition of root elongation. This further leads to enhanced water and nutrient uptake by plant roots, especially from deeper soil layers. A total of 127 ACC deaminase producing bacteria were isolated from root tissues of healthy chickpea plants grown under moisture stress. Field experiment was carried out to screen ACC deaminase producing bacterial isolates for enhancing root biomass, nodulation and grain yield. Seven isolated promoted the grain yield both under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Four isolates (Isolate No. 16, 78, 107, and 108) that enhanced seed yield above the range of 35% over un-inoculated control were selected and considered as potential candidates for the development of bio-inoculants. Keywords: Bioinoculants, moisture, stress, management, chickpea. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-47

Field evaluation of Post-sown application of different Granular Insecticides against the white Grub infesting Soybean in Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India A. K. Pandey, R. P. Maurya, P. Mall, Renu Pandey and Mona Joshi Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar – 263 145 (Uttarakhand), INDIA

Abstract: White grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), locally known as Kurmula, Pagra, Chinchu in Uttarakhand hills, is a major destructive pest in western Himalayan region. More than 30 species of whitegrub have been reported from Uttarakhand hills (Jat et al., 2005) out of which Holotrichia longipennis, Anomala dimidiata, Holotrichia lineatopennis, Maladera insanabilis, Brahmina spp. make complex problem in different area of Uttarakhand hills where they cause severe damage to various crops (Mishra, 2003). Whitegrub adults emerge in May-June (Singh et al., 2004) with the onset of monsoon and thereafter they start feeding on apple, apricot, plum, walnut etc during night while, second and third instar grubs feed on live roots of cultivated as well as non cultivated crops from August to January. Besides the many vegetable and cereal crops, whitegrub causes severe damage to soybean which is major crop in prevailing rainfed condition of hills. In view of above, field trials were conducted to evaluate post-sown application of different granular insecticides against the whitegrub infesting soybean at COFHA, Ranichauri during kharif season of year 2011-12 and 2012-13. The granular insecticides like Chlorpyriphos (2.0 kg a.i/ha), Carbofuran 3G (0.75 kg a.i/ha), Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.120 kg a.i/ha), Thiamethoxam 25 WS (0.08 kg a.i/ha), Fipronil (0.60 kg a.i/ha) and Imidacloprid 70 WG (0.30 kg a.i/ha) were applied in standing soybean crop during first fortnight of June. Cumulative plant mortality data were recorded after 20, 40 and 60 days intervals and compared with untreated control. The cumulative plant mortality data revealed that all the insecticidal treatments were significantly superior in protection-wise (5.21-11.86 and 6.85 - 13.86% cumulative plant mortality) as well as production wise (17.43 – 25.0 and 17.0 – 23.7 qha 1 grain yields) over untreated control (9.25 and 8.00 qha 1) during the two consecutive years. The Clothianidin 50 WDG (Dantotsu) (applied 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1) proved to be most effective by registering lowest plant mortality (i.e. 5.21 and 6.85%) followed by Imidacloprid 70WG (applied @ 0.30 kg a.i ha-1) where the plant mortality was 5.95 and 7.21% during two successive years, respectively. However, both the treatments were significantly at par with each other in respect of percent infestation and yield. Chlorpyriphos 20 EC ( applied @ 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1) ranked third by recording 9.46 and 10.4 % cumulative plant mortality with 20.41 and 20.44 qha 1 grain yield during 2011 and 2012, respectively, which was statistically lower than Clothianidin (applied @ 0.12 kg ai-1). Fipronil (applied @ 0.60 kg a.i. per ha) was found to be least effective compared to Carbofuran (applied 0.75 ai ha1). Highest net return i.e. Rs. 60750 and 76,450.00 per ha was obtained from in Clothianidin applied @ 0.12 kg a.i. per ha followed by Imidacloprid 70 WG (applied @ 0.3 kg a.i. per ha) where the net return was Rs. 55630 and 71,645.00 ha 1 during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Thus, the study revealed that application of Clothianidin (@ 0.12 kg a.i. ha 1) is very effective followed by Imidacloprid 70 WG (@ 0.3 kg a.i. ha 1) for the management of whitegrub under rainfed condition of Uttarakhand hills. Keywords: Field evaluation, post-sown, granular, insecticides, white grub, soybean. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-48

Effect of Nilakkumil, (Gmelina Asiatica) leaf extract on egg Hatchability and larval Mortality of root knot Nematode, (Meloidogyne Incognita) Azhagumurugan C.* and M.K. Rajan Dept. of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi–626124, Madurai Kamaraj University, TN, INDIA

Abstract: Studies on the identification and use of local plant materials for the control of nematodes, or integrated International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) control methods are the current areas of research in plant nematology. The present study was undertaken to identify the new activities from plant origin for their nematicidal action to determine the egg hatchability and larval mortality of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Many plants are known to have nematicidal properties which may be utilized as organic amendments or biopestcides. Many scientists have carried out the research on plant extracts for the management of root knot nematodes .The extract of Gmelina asiatica plant leaves at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) were tested on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The nematicidal activity of G.asiatica leaves, inhibition egg hatchability and larval mortality were decreased with increase in the dilution of all extracts. Larval mortality was increased gradually with increased period of exposure was undertaken. They reported a reduction in hatchability and an increase in nematode mortality. Hence, the present investigations on nematicidal potential of plant species G.asiatica against the root knot nematodes, M.incognita. Keywords: Meloidogyne incognita, Gmelina asiatica, Nematicidal potential, Nematicidal activity, Egg hatchability and larval mortality. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-49

Tweaking Rice Bran to Its Full Potential Deiva Karthika1 and N. Prabhavathy Devi2 1Bharathiyar

University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA Mary’s College, Chennai, INDIA

2Queen

Abstract: Rice bran has been used in food as full-fat rice bran, defatted rice bran, and in the form of rice bran oil (RBO). Full-fat and defatted rice bran have been used in bakery products, breakfast cereals, wafers, as a protein supplement, binder ingredients for meats and sausages, and as a beverage base. A pilot study on incorporation of stabilized rice bran and RBO by replacing shortening in the preparation of cookies was undertaken. RBO was applied at various levels by gradually replacing normal shortening to improve the quality of cookies in term of shelf life due to natural antioxidants present in RBO. Cookies were made with differing combinations of flour and bran, by replacing the refined flour with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per cent of the flour component with rice bran. The study shows that the incorporation level of 20 per cent of rice bran and 50 per cent of RBO was highly acceptable. Further studies on storage quality, physical, chemical, and microbial characteristics, and statistical analysis are scheduled. Keyword: rice bran, rice bran oil, stabilization, cookies, enzymes. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-50

An investigation into Long-term trend of Rainfall over Coimbatore, India A.P. Ramaraj, D.Rajalakshmi, B. Arthirani, N. Manikandan and V. Geethalakshmi Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, TN, INDIA

Abstract: Rainfall plays a major role in the water availability on earth and climate change is expected to have a greater impact on natural resources worldwide including hydrological cycle. Recent reports published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change suggests several expected impacts of global warming that bear the consequences for regional resources management. Therefore, region specific assessments for regional water resource planning have emerged as a major area of active research. So, it will be best to ascertain the observed rainfall trend over a region to assess the observed climate change on rainfall for a longer time period starting from pre industrial era. The analysis of 106 (19072012) years of rainfall over coimbatore revealed an increasing trend of annual rainfall without considerable change in number of rainydays. Typically Northeast monsoon (NEM) had an increasing trend in rainfall and rainydays whereas the winter rainfall and rainydays had a decreasing trend. Categorized rainfall events had increasing trend in all the categories (25 to 50mm, 50 to 75mm, 75 to 100mm and > 100mm) for annual and NEM period. Southwest monsoon had very less number of events without any considerable trend. Keywords: Climate change, rainfall, rainy days and trend. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-51

Genetic Variability, Heritability and association Studies in melia Dubia cav. P. Kumar*, K.T. Parthiban and V. Saravanan Dept. of Tree Breeding, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Uni., Mettupalayam-641301, TN, INDIA

Abstract: A total of 20 candidate plus trees have been selected in 3 dominant Melia dubia growing areas of Tamil Nadu at an altitude ranged between 1550 ft and 3329 ft and the trees exhibited variation in height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal girth, clear bole height and volume index. Investigations were carried out in 20 Melia dubia genetic resources under field experiment to elicit information’s on the growth performance, variability and association studies in biometric attributes during 2008-2011. The biometric observation in the field indicated the wide range of variability’s 21 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) for three biometric traits studied. Under field conditions, three progenies viz., FCRIMD 11, FCRIMD 14 and FCRIMD 15 proved superior for all the biometric traits investigated and these three progenies can be exploited for future tree improvement programme. The variability study indicated that volume index registered highest PCV followed by basal diameter and plant height and GCV was also high in volume index followed by height and basal diameter. The correlations studies revealed that volume index exhibited significant and positive association with basal diameter and plant height both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. The Path analysis study indicated that plant height and basal diameter exercised positive direct effect on volume index. Hence basal diameter and plant height could be effectively used as selection criteria to increase wood volume in Melia dubia. Keyword: Melia dubia, variability, heritability, phenotypic and genotypic correlation. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-52

Promoting Organic Farming through training Programme in the Anamalai and Pollachi Blocks of Coimbatore District, India Manimozhi K. and Kalai Selvi E. Dept. of Resource Mgt., Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore- 641 043, TN, INDIA

Abstract: Growing awareness about the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the environment and to the human health has shifted many farmers towards organic farming. The objectives of the study were to study the existing problems in food crops cultivation, production and storage, evolve a training curriculum to impart education to farm women on organic methods of pest and disease management and evaluate the impact of training programme in terms of knowledge gained and attitudes developed. The study was conducted in Anamalai and Pollachi blocks of Coimbatore District. Three hundred households for household survey and 180 frontline women workers for the training programme were selected. Totally, 1382 farmers actively participated in the programme. The training programme brought about a significant improvement (One per cent) in the knowledge level and attitude. This proves the efficacy of the training programme. Keywords: Agriculture, training, organic, farming, Pest. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-53

Early generation Selection response in desi-kabuli introgression Breeding of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Santosh H.B.*, Bharadwaj C., Hegde V.S. and Kumar J. Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, INDIA

Abstract: Chickpea is a major rabi crop with significant contribution towards pulse economy of India and the world. In spite of being major chickpea producer, Indian productivity is very low as compared to other major chickpea growing countries. Hence, there is immense scope and urgent need of productivity enhancement in chickpea to achieve selfsufficiency in pulses. Desi-kabuli introgression breeding is one of the promising strategies advocated for much needed chickpea productivity enhancement which is yet to be fully exploited. Desi and kabuli are two intra-specific seed types within the cultivated chickpea, having great contrast for various plant architecture and yield component traits. To study the early generation selection response for yield improvement, a total of 150 selected F4 families were derived using total branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pods, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight as independent selection criteria at F2 population of Pusa362 (desi) × PG0515 (kabuli), and were evaluated along with their parents and F2 bulk in randomized block design. F2 population generated high variability for all the yield component traits, and high transgressive segregation for all traits except 100-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variability for each character was low in the F4 progenies emanating from the population after application of selection pressure for that particular character. Mean of the F4 families relative to the corresponding F2 plants was high, indicating effectiveness of early generation selection in desi × kabuli cross of chickpea for all characters studied, except branch number per plant. Significant correlated response for seed yield was also observed in F4 families. Based on different selection parameters, use of pods per plant, seed yield and 100-seed weight as selection criteria in desi-kabuli introgression breeding for higher gains is suggested and the desirable transgressive desi and kabuli segregants derived are being forwarded for the development of high yielding chickpea varieties. Keywords: Chickpea, desi, kabuli, early generation selection response, introgression breeding. International Science Congress Association

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Postharvest decay Control and Improvement of Nutritional quality of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Fruit using coatings of Xanthan gum, Guar gum and their combinations with Olive oil Pinal B. Vyas, T.V. Ramana Rao* and V.R. Thakkar BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388120, Gujarat, INDIA

Abstract: The impact of the coating of each of xanthan gum and guar gum alone and in combination with olive oil on the qualitative properties of Cape gooseberry fruit stored at lower temperature (10 ± 1 ÚC) has been studied at a regular interval of 5 days. The compositions and concentrations of tested treatments (T) were Xanthan gum 0.5% (T1), Guar gum 0.5% (T2), Xanthan gum 0.25% + Guar gum 0.25% (T3), Xanthan gum 0.5% + Olive oil 0.2% (T4), Guar gum 0.5% + Olive oil 0.2% (T5), Xanthan gum 0.25% + Guar gum 0.25% + Olive oil 0.2% (T6) and Control (T7). The biochemical analysis of Cape gooseberry fruit coated with the treatments tried under the current study revealed that they retain higher amount of ascorbic acid and show delayed ripening as compared to that of the untreated (control) fruits. Xanthan gum 0.5% (T1) showed lesser physiological loss of weight as compared to that of control and other treatments. Further, enzymes associated with cell wall softening exhibited lesser activity in the coated Cape gooseberry fruits. The data regarding texture analysis revealed that all the treated fruit had higher hardness than that of control gooseberry fruit. On 10th day of storage period, the maximum hardness (5.236 N) was seen in the cape gooseberry fruit treated with xanthan gum 0.5% (T1), whereas minimum (3.122 N) hardness occurs in untreated (T7) cape gooseberry fruit. Keywords: Cape gooseberry, Guar gum, Physalis peruviana L., Shelf life, Xanthan gum. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-55

Combined effects of hot Water treatment and Chemical elicitors in improving post Harvest quality and Shelf life of Jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini L.) Nilanjana S. Baraiya, T.V. Ramana Rao*, V. R. Thakkar BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, INDIA

Abstract: The present work has been under taken to evaluate the combined effects of hot water treatment and chemical elicitors on postharvest behavior of jamun fruit (var. Paras). The treatments (T) applied to the commercially mature jamun fruit were: T1-[Hot water treatment (HWT) at 50 °C], T2-[HWT + CaCl2 2%], T3-[HWT + Sodium Benzoate 2mM + CaCl2 2%], T4-[HWT + Cinnamic acid 2mM + CaCl2 2%], T5-[HWT + Sodium benzoate 2mM + Cinnamic acid 2mM], T6-[HWT + Sodium Benzoate 2mM + Cinnamic acid 2mM + CaCl2 2%], T7-[Control]. Both the treated as well as control fruit were stored at 10±2 °C and their quality features were examined by analyzing physico chemical and biochemical parameters. During storage, untreated fruit showed rapid weight loss, accelerated softening and ripening, higher accumulation of sugars and soluble solids. In contrast, fruit subjected to combine treatments of HWT and elicitors delayed above parameters related to postharvest quality losses, thus led to their extended storability. In the present study, the sodium benzoate was found to be more effective in preventing the microbial contamination than that of cinnamic acid or alone HWT. At the end of the storage, jamun fruit treated with both HWT and elicitors maintained good sensory quality with enhanced shelf life of 16 days whereas the sensory quality of control samples became unacceptable only just after 8 days. Keywords: Chemical elicitor, Hot water treatment, Jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini L), Nutritional quality, Shelf life. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-56

Edible coating Emulsions Mediated improvement of Nutritional quality and Safety of Fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) Sonu Sharma and T.V. Ramana Rao* Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat – 388 120, INDIA

Abstract: Pineapple, which belongs to the family Bromeliaceae, is an exotic tropical fruit and popular due to its sweetsour taste and high nutrition content, especially vitamin C. Due to its cumbersome consumption nature, its preference is comparatively lesser than other easily consumable fruits. The market of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables is the fastest growing segment in the fresh produce industry, attributed to their convenience, attractive and health promoting nature. However, the mechanical operation enhances the deterioration of fresh-cut produce due to surface browning, texture softening, loss of nutrients as well as microbial growth. The present study documented the influences of edible coating based emulsions [sodium alginate 1.16% (w/v), carrageenan 0.5% (w/v) and xanthan gum 0.25% (w/v) as polysaccharides enriched with olive oil 0.1% (v/v) as lipid component and cinnamic acid 0.1% (w/v) as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent] on the quality properties of fresh-cut pineapple to improve its storability while keeping at 4°C±1°C and 87 % RH. International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) The nutritionally important antioxidant compounds including ascorbic acid, total phenolic content (TPC), yellow flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were maintained in treated samples up to 8 to 12 days of storage time as compared to the decreasing trend of these compounds in control set as storage time increases. The evaluations of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Polyphenol oxidase PPO, Ascorbate peroxidase APX, and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase PAL) revealed that activities of APX, PAL and PPO were found significantly higher in control samples throughout the storage period of 16 days as compared to that of treated samples. Sensory analysis indicated that coated fresh-cut pineapple have better textural and visual properties than control ones up to 12 days of the storage period, besides retaining their natural flavour. Therefore, among the presently studied three emulsions, sodium alginate based ones have proved to be effective in quality maintenance of fresh-cut pineapple and improving its shelf life up to 12 days of storage time. Keywords: Ananas comosus, fresh-cut, pineapple, edible coating, emulsion. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-57

Evaluation of Tillage Systems, Crop Residue Incorporation and Supplemental Drip Irrigation on Soil Biological Properties and Growth of Hybrid Maize 1Department

M. Saravanan1, S. Jeyaraman2 and N. Asokaraja1 of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore–641 003, TN, INDIA 2Institute of Agriculture, Kudumiyanmalai–622 104, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2011-2012 & 2012-2013) at Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu on the sandy loam soils to study the effect of different tillage practices, crop residues and supplemental drip irrigation on soil microbial population and growth of hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments were conventional tillage, minimum tillage without crop residue, minimum tillage with crop residue @ 5 t ha-1 and minimum tillage with crop residue @ 10 t ha-1. The sub plot treatments were control, supplemental drip irrigation 4, 6, 8 and 10 times during the cropping period. The results revealed that minimum tillage with application of crop residue @ 10 t ha-1 + supplemental drip irrigation 10 times during the crop period recorded significantly higher soil microbial population such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of hybrid maize. Keywords: Crop residue, Microbial population, Supplemental irrigation, Tillage. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-58

Seasonal variation in Soil Microbial Biomass in Tropical moist Forest of eastern Nepal Tilak Prasad Gautam1 and Tej Narayan Mandal2 Morang A M Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, NEPAL 2Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, NEPAL

1Mahendra

Abstract: Physico-chemical properties of soil and soil microbial biomass was estimated from 0-15 cm soil depth during summer, rainy and winter seasons in the tropical moist forest of eastern Nepal. The value of soil microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) were 676.6 ìg g-¹ dry soil in summer season, 432.7 ìg g-¹ in rainy season and 565.9 ìg g-¹ in winter season. Similarly, the value of microbial biomass nitrogen (MB-N) were 59.0 ìg g-¹, 43.4 ìg g-¹ and 49.8 ìg g-¹ dry soil in summer, rainy and winter seasons respectively. ANOVA suggested that the mean values of both MB-C and MB-N at different seasons are significantly different (P < 0.001). The value of MB-C is reduced by 36%from summer to rainy while it was reduced by 16% from summer to winter. Moreover, the value of MB-N is reduced by 26.5% in summer to rainy but it was reduced only by 15.6% from summer to winter. It is evident that the values of microbial biomass were decreased gradually from summer to winter and winter to rainy. The lowest value of microbial biomass in the rainy season may be resulted due to high turnover of microbes. Keywords: Seasonal, variation, Soil, Microbial, Biomass, Tropical, moist, Forest, eastern, Nepal. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-59

Study of Meiotic Chromosomal Aberrations and Chlorophyll mutants induced by Physical and Chemical mutagens in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Patil G.P. Arts Commerce and Science College, Bodwad, Dist. Jalgaon, Maharashtra, INDIA Abstract: The various meiotic chromosomal aberrations were estimated using Physical (Gamma rays) and Chemical (EMS) mutagens using two cultivars i.e.PKV-1 and JS-335. The Physical mutagens was more effective than chemical in International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) producing diakinesis with regular bivalents, Trivalent, Univalent, desynapsis of chromosomes, laggards and Clumping of Chromosomes etc. Chlorina, Xantha, Albina and Alboviridis are the frequently observed chlorophyll mutants in both the cultivars VIZ. PKV-1 and JS-335. Higher doses of Gamma rays and EMS showed maximum number of Chlorophyll mutations in both the cultivars. The order of frequency of chlorophyll mutations induced by various mutagens in both the cultivar can be represented as Xantha > Chlorina > Alboviridis > Albina. Keywords: Aberrations, Gamma rays, EMS, Mutation. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-60

Effect of Semi-Finished Tannery Sludge compost on yield and yield attributes of Maize (zea mays) N.Jeyapandiyan1 and P. Doraisamy2 1Agro

Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Maize is an important cereal grown all over the world ranked third after wheat and rice. Maize has the largest yield potential among the cereals and hence it is known as Queen of cereals. Now-a- days a major issue is the sustainable agricultural systems to maintain and enhance crop productivity through an appropriate application of plant nutrients. A Study was conducted using maize var. C555 Hybrid (Zea mays) as test crop at Presidency Kids Leather Private Limited, Kannivakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu to assess the different doses of tannery sludge compost on the yield attributes and yield of maize. The treatments were allocated to each plot by following random principle. Since, nitrogen is considered to be a most important nutrient for improving the productivity of the crops. The treatments were fixed based on the nitrogen requirement of the maize crop. Based on nitrogen content of the Compost which was made from Semi finished tannery sludge, poultry wastes and coir pith on dry weight basis, the quantity required for the substitution of recommended doses at 50, 75 and 100 per cent level worked out and applied. Among the different treatments application of 4.65 ton ha-1 of tannery sludge compost along with inorganic fertilizers (50% organic + 50 % Inorganic) was found to be superior in yielding of maize over the other treatments. The above finding revealed that inorganic nutrients along with organic fertilizer would able to sustain the crop productivity for a longer period by meeting the demands of present and future generation. Keywords: Tannery sludge, compost, nitrogen, organic, yield attributes and yield. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-61

Fine root Production along an Altitudinal gradient of Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta gaertn.) Forests, Eastern Nepal Krishna Prasad Bhattarai and Tej Narayan Mandal Department of Botany, Mechi M. Campus Bhadrapur and Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar, NEPAL Abstract: Fine root production is an important component of soil for resource availability and nutrients cycling in forest ecosystem. Biomass, production and turnover of fine root across altitudinal gradient of tropical Sal forests, however, are poorly understood. Present study was carried out in tarai Sal forest, Jalthal of Jhapa district situated at an altitude of 62 msl (26o 28’ and 26o 30’ N and 87o 56’ and 88o 2’ E) and hill Sal forest, Kiteni of Ilam district at an altitude of 850 msl (26o 25’ and 26o 47’ N and 88o 02’ and 88o 04’ E) of eastern Nepal. Fine root samples of summer, rainy and winter seasons were collected randomly from 10 cm x 10 cm soil from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths in both Sal forests. Fine root biomass in tarai Sal forest was 4.85 t ha-1 and hill Sal forest was 5.76 t ha-1 and fine root production were 3.48 t ha -1 yr-1 and 2.64 t ha-1 yr-1 respectively. Turnover of tarai Sal forest was higher (0.71 t ha -1 yr-1) than hill Sal forest (0.45 t ha -1 yr-1). Fine root biomass was higher in hill Sal forest while fine root production was higher in tarai Sal forest which may be due to its high turnover rate. Dense superficial fine root mat in sloped hill Sal forest may be for soil binding and capturing of nutrients present on soil surface. Keywords: Fine, root, production, altitudinal, gradient, tropical sal. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-62

Studies on the Compost and Industrial Wastes on Yield, Yield Components and Quality of Sugarcane D. Venkatakrishnan* and M. Ravichandran Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in clay loam soil at Periyanellikollai village at Chidambaram taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The soil of Periyanellikollai classified as Typic Haplustert come under Kondal series low in available International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) N, medium in available P and medium in available K. In plant crop experiment, treatments consisted of T1 – Seasoned Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1, T2 – T1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T3 – T2 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T4 – T1 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T5 – T1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T6 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T7 – T6 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T8 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T9 – Biocompost @ 5 t ha-1, T10T9 + Enriched gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T11 – T10 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T12 – T9 + Lignite fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T13 – FYM @ 10 t ha-1, T-14 – NPK alone (Recommended dose of fertilizer). All the plots received recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. The design followed was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were replicated thrice. The highest value of individual cane weight is 1.40 kg cane-1, no. of millable cane 127.53 (×1000 ha-1), cane yield is 166.85 t ha-1, Juice quality Brix – 21.3%, Pol per cent – 19.13, Commercial Cane Sugar - 13.33% and sugar yield (22.62 t ha-1) were recorded in T3 (Seasoned Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1). Keywords: Season Pressmud, Enriched Gypsum, Vermicompost, ZnSO4, Lignite Fly ash, Sugarcane. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-63

Olfactory Response of Maruca vitrata to Calling Behaviour of Females and its Host Plants Sambathkumar S*1, Durairaj C1, Ganapathy N1 and Mohankumar S2 1Department

of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA 2Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Abstract: The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata is an important insect menace to pulses causing severe yield loss. Preliminary in vitro studies were carried out to find out the influence of host plant volatiles on the attraction of one, two and three days old Maruca females on flowers of pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram, cowpea and lablab using a six arm olfactometer. Similarly, studies on response of different age groups of M. vitrata males to different age groups of females were also conducted. Each experiment was replicated thrice. Among the response showed by different age groups of female moths, the significant orientation was recorded only in one day old females and towards flowers of pigeonpea (42.7%) followed by 21.3 per cent on flowers of lablab and cowpea and clearly showed that one day old females are having strong orientation towards its preferable host. The mean orientation response of different age groups of male moths towards females showed the maximum orientation of one day old males (35.3 %) towards two day old female moths. This might be due to the influence of sex pheromones in two day old females which in turn attracted more number of male moths and the chance of pheromone release might be very less in one day old females. Keywords: Legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, pulses, olfactometer, calling behavior. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-64

Effect of Accelerated ageing on seed Viability and Biochemical components of the Edible Bamboo Dendrocalamus Brandisii (Munro) Kurz Lakshmi C.J.*, Seethalakshmi K.K, Chandrasekhara Pillai P.K and Raveendran V.P Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Pin – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA

Abstract: Dendrocalamus brandisii is a very large evergreen bamboo, which is commonly used for house building, for making baskets, handicrafts and furniture. Young shoots of D.brandisii are edible. Although, abundant seed production is observed during gregarious flowering, viability of seeds under natural conditions is very short. In the present study, accelerated ageing test was carried out to determine the storability of seeds. Seeds were subjected to accelerated ageing at 42±1°C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 days, in a covered water bath. Germination test and biochemical analyses were carried out for control and aged seeds. The initial germination percentage of D.brandisii seeds was 59.71% and after accelerated ageing germination declined to 15.39%. Total soluble proteins, sugars and starch content decreased during the ageing process. There was a gradual decrease in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase, while the activity of á-amylase and â-amylase increased during accelerated ageing. The decrease in the viability of D.brandisii seeds may be due to the changes in the biochemical content and the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of seed reserves. Keywords: Dendrocalamus brandisii, Accelerated ageing, Seed viability, Edible bamboo, Enzymes. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-65

Vegetative Propagation for different Physiological ages of Embelia Ribes cuttings in different Seasons Saumya M.T*, Surendran T and Hrideek T.K Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA

Abstract: Embelia ribes Burm. f. is one of the red listed medicinal plant belongs to the family Myrsinaceae. This International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) threatened medicinal plant valued for its digestive, carminative, anthelmintic and laxative property. Due to over exploitation, this plant is reported as vulnerable. The main threat of this plant is its unsustainable and indiscriminate harvesting for commercial purposes. The regeneration from seedling of this plant is very poor. Traditional propagation techniques are not successful in large scale production of this valuable species. Only accessible way for the conservation of this species is vegetative propagation through stem cutting. Exogenous application of IBA and NAA has a significant positive effect on the percentage of rooting. Rooting ability of cuttings was mostly influenced by the type of cutting, retention of leaves and time of the year in which cuttings were taken. Semi hardwood cuttings with two or three leaves, treated with IBA in 3000mg/l concentration in season I (January – April) appears to be a successful method for vegetative propagation (100% rooting) for producing sufficient number of propagules of this species. Significant increase in number of new root, leaves and shoots and length of roots was recorded in stem cuttings treated with 3000mg/l IBA. Keywords: Embelia ribes, vegetative propagation, physiological age, Season, IBA, NAA ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-66

Panchagavya as a Liquid Carrier of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and plant tonic for the growth of Arachis hypogea P. Maheswari and R. Mala Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi-626005, Tamilnadu, INDIA

Abstract: Panchagavya is an important source of nutrient for plant and microbes. It is an efficient bio pesticide and contains microbes that stimulate plant growth and improves soil fertility. Hence in the present work modified panchagavya was used as a medium for the growth of plant growth promoting bacteria,Pseudomonas. The potential of modified panchagavya as a carrier for Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and in improving germination and growth of Arachis hypogea was evaluated. Seed germination was 82% in control and 98% in panchagavya treated plants(test). Shoot length was 6.4 ± .3 cm in control and 13.5± 5 cm in test. Total microbial population was 4×106 cfu/g of soil in control and 18×106 cfu/g in test soil on 7th day after sowing.Specific activity of protease and amylase were assessed and expresses in terms of µmoles of product released /min/mg of protein. Protease activity was 1.37 ×10-1 µmoles of aminoacid released /min/mg of protein in control and 1.17 in test. Amylase activity was found to be 6.67 ×10-2 µmoles of glucose released /min/mg of protein in control and 3.50 ×10-1 in test. Chlorophyll concentration was 9.03 ×10-1 mg/g of dried leaf in control and 1.50 mg/g of dried leaf in test on 7th day. Thus the present study proved that panchagavya can be used as a liquid carrier and a tonic to boost the growth of Arachis hypogea Keywords: Panchagavya, germination, Arachis hypogea, protease activity PGPR. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-67

Post harvest conservation of indigenous minor fruits: Aonla (Emblica officinalis L.) and Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) Vimala B.1, Pal R.K.2, Ravi Babu M.3, Patel V.B.4, Sharma R.R.1 and Srivastava M.5 1Div. of PHT, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA 2NRC Pomegranate, Solahpur, Maharashtra, INDIA 3Dept. of Crop Physiology, Angrau, Rajahmundry, INDIA 4Div. of Pomology, BAU, Sabaour, INDIA 5Div. of Pomology, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA Abstract: India is one of the nations blessed with a rich heritage of large varieties of fruits and vegetables. And the existing post harvest loss could be considerably reduced by adopting improved packaging and handling. Aonla and jamun fruits are important powerhouse of nutraceuticals. The information pertaining to the storage and packaging of these fruits is either scanty or nil. Since, these fruits are seasonal, an investigation has been made to extend their availability at different cool storage regimes (Ambient, 5, 10 and 15 °C for aonla) and (Ambient, 3, 6 and 9 °C for jamun), with (LDPE, HDPE, PP) and without (Control) packaging materials. Various biochemical, physiological and microbial parameters were taken for the study to assess the quality of the fruits in different packaging conditions. The best suitable packaging material for storage of aonla and jamun fruits is LDPE (50ì) with low oxygen as well as low water vapor and high carbon dioxide transmission rates. The higher retention of ascorbic acid, phenols, anthocyanins, moisture and texture, and lower microbial spoilage was found in LDPE. The best packaging material for retail marketing was found to be LDPE at 15 °C for aonla and at 3 °C for jamun fruits which could be explored for extending the availability of the fruits by minimising the post harvest losses thus bringing profit to the grower. Keywords: Post harvest loss, nutraceuticals, retail marketing, aonla and jamun. International Science Congress Association

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Yield and Economics of Cabbage as Influenced by Integrated Weed Management J. Suresh Kumar1, M. Madhavi2 and D. Ramesh1 1BCKV,

West Bengal, INDIA AP, INDIA

2ANGRAU,

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2010 at Model orchard, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to find out the effectiveness of integrated weed control on yield and economics of cabbage. The experiment was laid in RBD with 3 replications and 13 treatments with pre emergence herbicides (PE) pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, alachlor and a post emergence herbicide propaquizafop and cultural practices hand weeding, black polythene mulch and their combinations. The results indicated that the pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.25 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by soil covering with black polythene mulch recorded highest yield (32 t ha-1), profitability, weed control efficiency (72.63 per cent) and B:C ratio (2.72), which was at par with treatment Pendimethalin C.S @ 0.7 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE) fallowed by black polythene mulch. Keywords: Cabbage, black polythene mulch, herbicide, profitability and RBD. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-69

Studies on Physiological aspects of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Cultivars for Suitability in Coastal Climate Ravi Babu M1, Vimala B2, and Udayabhanu K3 1Dept.

of Crop Physiology, ANGRAU, Rajahmundry, INDIA 2Div. of PHT, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA 3Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ANGRAU, Bapatla, INDIA

Abstract: Studies on Physiological aspects of fifteen Sweet Sorghum cultivars viz, SSV 84, SSV 74, SEREDO, NTJ2 , CSV 574, Ent 64DTN, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, ICSR 37, ICSV 56, ICRR 108, ICSR 196, ICSV 96117, S 35 and ICSR 93034 were carried out at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla during Maghi season. The experiment was laid in randomised block design (RBD) with three replications of each treatment. The plant height, intermodal length, basal diameter were studied at different growth stages where cv. SSV 84, SSV 74, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, NTJ2 and S 35 showed more values than other cultivars. Physiological growth parameters like LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR and dry matter production were higher for SSV 84, SSV 74, NTJ2 and S 35. The cultivars ICSR 37, SEREDO and SSV 74 took less number of days to 50 % flowering and maturity than that taken by other cultivars. Yield and yield components like panicle length, grain weight per panicle, test weight and total grain yield were significantly higher in ICSR 37, SEREDO, SSV 84, SSV 74, NTJ2 , S 35 and ICSR 93034 than other cultivars. From the results, it is concluded that SSV 84, ICSR 37 and SEREDO can be grown for grain purpose in costal belt. Keywords: Sweet Sorghum, Randomized Block Design (RBD), LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-70

GIS techniques for Mapping highly Fragmented EcosystemsA case study on the Myristica Swamp forests of Southern Kerala, India Roby T J1, P Vijayakumaran Nair1 and Joyce Jose*2 1Kerala

Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, INDIA Thomas’ College, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA

2St

Abstract: Myristica swamps are highly fragmented, threatened and endangered freshwater swamp forest ecosystem of Western Ghats with distribution restricted to flat bottomed valleys with sluggish streams in altitudinal range of 100 – 200 m. In southern Kerala these swamps are present in Kulthupuzha, Anchal forest ranges and Shendurney WLS. The small size of swamp patches and thick forest canopy challenge the efficacy of usual mapping techniques such as Remote sensing and GPS survey. So a combination of conventional (compass survey) and latest survey technique (GPS survey) was used for the mapping. Conversion, plotting of spatial layers, map generation and analysis was done by using customized and Open Source GIS software’s. We mapped 60 Myristica swamp patches from the study area contributing 149.75 hectare (ha) (0.01348% of Kerala forest). The area of swamps ranges 0.22 to 16 ha. Kulathupuzha Forest Range has 31 swamps (78.73 ha), Shendurney WLS has 16 (37.35ha) and Anchal has 13 (33.67ha) respectively. GIS stimulation studies reveals that 148.57 km2 areas (1.34% of Kerala forest) in Kerala has potential for Myristica swamps, in which Thiruvanathapuram and Punalur forest division has maximum area to support Myristica swamps. Exact mapping proved a decisive tool for conservation and management efforts. Keywords: Myristica swamp forests, GIS, remote sensing, mapping and prediction 28 International Science Congress Association


Development of Tree Hybrids through Control Pollination: A Successful case study in developing Corymbia full-sib families Palanisamy M1, Stanley Raja V2, Selvaraj P1, Venkataramanan K.S1and Nagarajan B1 1Plant

Biotechnology and Cytogenetics Division, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, INDIA 2Crop Protection Division, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, INDIA

Abstract: The genus Corymbia belongs to Myrteaceae, a native to Australia that is closely related to Eucalyptus. Corymbia is an important taxon to wood products related industries. Eucalyptus and Corymbia vary in morphological characteristics such as leaf length, epidermal hair that are associated with oil glands, operculum shape and fruit size. Inter-specific hybrids is not that commonly noticed phenomenon in tropical trees under open pollinated conditions. However, the section Symphomyrtus is known for its naturally occurring putative hybrids. Under control pollination conditions high rates of success are noted. It has been noted elsewhere C.torelliana x C.citriodora progeny yield pulp compared to the either parents. Of which the seed parent C. citriodora is hard to multiply vegetatively while C.torelliana is easily to propagate. The hybrid C.torelliana x C.citriodora is known to exhibit hybrid vigour in terms of volume production and easy to propagate. Though there are some putative hybrids of the said combination much is to done on controlled pollination. This paper highlights on an attempt of producing C. torelliana x C. citriodora through control pollination for the first time in our country. Control pollination was carried out in selected seed parents (Corymbia torelliana) at Vattapara, Walayar Research Station (10.85’N, 76.85°E) in Kerala. Pollen parents were selected in two locations Panampally (10.50’N, 76.50°E) and Mukkali (11.05’N, 76.33°E) in Kerala. Pollen was extracted from flowers prior to anthesis and stored in refrigerator (4°C) until use. Pollen viability was estimated through Acetocarmine staining (1%). C.torelliana produces bisexual flowers that open throughout day and night and are weakly protandrous. Dehisced anthers abscise after twelve hours from flower opening and six hours later stigmas ready to receive pollen. Fruit set was recorded after three days, fruits mature with in a period of sixty days. The complete maturation of capsules is noted by cleaving of the septum. Seven full-sib hybrid families were developed using a partial di-allel mating design. Fruit setting was 85-97% in control pollination and 85% in open pollination. In control pollinated capsule from fifteen to twenty three seeds were noted on the contrary only five seeds were noted in a single open pollinated capsule. Seed germination was carried out according to standard ISTA seed testing procedures. It was noted that in full-sib families the germination was as high as 85-97%. On the contrary OP seeds showed a low germination rate of 38%. Under nursery conditions germination of hybrid seeds varied from 20-70% and OP seeds germinated as low as 8%. Currently a full-sib hybrid trial has been established of which all combinations have shown very good establishment. Compared to Eucalypt genetic resources Corymbia hybrid resources have been reported for about 5% increase in overall pulp quality, which is highly desirable to the paper-pulp industries. In future it is expected with standard propagation techniques Corymbia hybrids are like to improve productivity in the wood based industries. Keywords: Control pollination, Corymbia, germination, inter-specific hybrid, pollen storage. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-72

Study the Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Banana G. Sivalingam and K. Ramachandiran* Department of Agronomy, Directorate of Crop Management Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, INDIA

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute Madurai, during 2010-11, to study the effect of Drip fertigation on growth and yield of Banana. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications with Rasthali as test variety. The treatments consisted of T1- Surface irrigation with soil application of RDF, T2- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (100 per cent P as basal, N and K through drip as commercial fertilizers), T3- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (50 per cent as commercial fertilizers + 50 per cent through drip as WSF), T4- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (25 per cent as commercial fertilizers + 75 per cent through drip as WSF) and T5- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF through drip as WSF. Drip irrigation was scheduled at 100 per cent PE once in three days and fertigation was given once in six days as per the fertigation schedule from 15 DAP to 300 DAP. Surface irrigation was scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with 5 cm depth of irrigation with recommended dose of fertilizers. Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizers was found to be better in improving the growth, yield and quality of banana. It also recorded maximum WUE and water productivity of banana. Whereas the higher B:C ratio and net return were recorded under drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF to banana (P as basal, N and K through drip) through commercial fertilizers. Key words: Drip fertigation, water soluble and commercial fertilizer, banana. 29 International Science Congress Association


Sorgoleone from Sorghum bicolor as a Potent Bioherbicide AmaliJesudas P.1, Jayasurya Kingsley S.2 and Ignacimuthu S.3 1Department

of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai- 600 119, Tamilnadu, INDIA of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai- 600 034, INDIA 3Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai- 600 034, INDIA

2Department

Abstract: Sorgoleone is an allelopathic chemical released from the root exudates of the dryland cereal crop, Sorghum bicolor. It is predominately concentrated in the living root hairs of sorghum. The root hairs of juvenile plants produce higher content of sorgoleone. Its ability to suppress and inhibit the growth of weeds without affecting the crop species offers a promising platform to mark its use as a potential bioherbicide. Weeds with broadleaf and grass weeds were reported to be susceptible to the herbicidal activity of sorgoleone. The pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of sorgoleone strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds in both greenhouse and field conditions. Sorgoleone is a hydrophobic molecule that persists in the soil for a longer duration, thereby adding to its sustainable herbicidal activity. Besides, its allelopathic potential enables its use in crop rotation to protect the soils vulnerable to support the growth of weeds. The mechanisms of its phytotoxic activity focus on the inhibition of photosynthetic apparatus in lower plants by interfering with the uptake of solutes and water molecules. Further it is also a potent inhibitor of electron transport in chloroplastand mitochondria. The effectiveness of the herbicidal activity of sorgoleone is comparable to that of the synthetic herbicides in commercial use. Keywords: Allelopathy, bioherbicide, root hairs, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone. ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-74

Effect of graded doses of Potassium on growth and yield of Maize under varying Levels of Soil Salinity M.B.Doddamani*1, B.R. Megha2 , V.B.Kuligod3, S.K.Gali1 and C.M. Nawalagatti2 1Department

of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA of Crop Physiology, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA 3Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA

2Department

Abstract: The field experiment was conducted under varying levels soil salinity in Roogi village of Mudholtaluk during kharif 2013. The experiment comprised of four salinity levels (ECe4%) and recorded maximum cell biomass (DW) in 2% sucrose. Root differentiation was profuse in cell aggregates grown in media containing 4% sucrose in 20 days and after 25 days these roots appeared to be necrotic. Rhizogenesis occurred in cells after 25 days in media containing 6% sucrose. Maximum plumbagin (0.128% g DW) was in media containing 6% sucrose. Plumbagin content was low (0.06% g DW) in 1% sucrose where there was no rhizogenesis. The results indicate that sucrose plays significant role in 71 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) organ (root) differentiation and is very closely related to plumbagin synthesis. Keywords: Plumbagin, Plumbago rosea, Rhizogenesis, Cell viability, Differentiation. ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-55

Optimization of different factors for the establishment of Cell suspension Cultures of Ophiorrhiza mungos L. for the production of Camptothecin (CPT), an Anticancer Drug S. Deepthi and Satheeshkumar. K Biotech. and Bioinfor. Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic garden and Research Institute, Palode Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA

Abstract: Ophiorrhiza mungos (Rubiaceae), a herbaceous medicinal plant reported as a source of camptothecin, a potential anticancer drug. Cell suspension cultures of O. mungos could be established and estimated camptothecin. Callus tissues induced on leaf explants in Murashige Skoog (MS-1962) solid medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, NAA (3.0 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5mg/L) and 2, 4-D (1.0mg/L) were used for establishing cell suspension cultures in liquid medium with similar hormonal regime. Growth of cells in Whites, B5, SH and MS media with 3% sucrose and same hormonal concentration was determined over a period of 35 days at 5 day intervals and found MS medium was best for maximum biomass yield. Cell growth was maximum on the 30th day (6.03±0.25 g fwt/50ml). Cell growth in Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose and Maltose each at 3% (w/v) with same hormonal combination was also tested. Sucrose gave maximum cell growth (6.03±0.25 gm fwt/50ml). Influence of different concentration of sucrose (2% - 8%) on cell growth recorded high Growth Index (GI-13.4) in 5% (w/v) sucrose (7.2±0.3g fwt/50ml). Camptothecin content in cells was estimated using HPTLC (0.03 % g dwt), which is higher than intact plants (0.02 % g dwt). The results necessitate further investigation on cell cultures for enhanced production of camptothecin. Keywords: Ophiorrhiza mungos; Camptothecin, Cell suspension cultures, Biomass, Growth Index ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-56

Rapid plant regeneration from embryogenic calli of Ophiorrhiza mungos L. Dintu K P1, Ravichandran P2 and Satheeshkumar K1 1Biotechnology

and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, INDIA 2SPK Center for Environmental Sciences, M S University, Alwarkurichi – 627 412, INDIA

Abstract: Ophiorrhiza mungos L. (Rubiaceae), a medicinal plant is reported as a source of camptothecin (CPT) and 10methoxycamptothecin whose derivatives irinotecan and topotecan are used for treating different cancers. Protocol for efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic callus cultures described here could be used for large scale propagation of this valuable medicinal herb. Hypocotyl segments of the in vitro seedlings were used for initiating callus tissues in Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) solid media containing various concentration and combinations of BAP, TDZ, 2,4-D, Picloram and L-glutamine. Embryogenic calli were obtained in medium containing 1mg/l picloram, 0.1mg/l TDZ and 0.2 mg/l glutamine and observed development of plantlets after 8 weeks of callus formation. The plantlets were further elongated (3±0.5cm) in half strength MS basal solid medium in 4 weeks and they were successfully transplanted in poly bags filled with fine sand with 85±2.75% survival under shade net house condition. Keywords: Camptothecin, embryogenic calli, Ophiorrhiza mungos, callus cultures, plant regeneration ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-57

Influence of repeated subcultures on biomass and Camptothecin production in Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos Blume, a rare Medicinal herb Sibi C.Varghese1, Renjith R.2, Ravichandran. P3, Roja Gopalakrishnan4 and Satheeshkumar K1 1Biotechnology

and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, PachaPalode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA 2Phyochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA 3 SPK Center for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi – 627 412, TN, INDIA 4NABTD, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085 - INDIA

Abstract: Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos Blume (Rubiaceae) reported as a source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Conventional propagation of this plant is through seeds with only 20-30% germination. Seeds (0.3-0.4x0.250.4mm) from the surface sterilized capsules transferred to MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) basal liquid medium recorded International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) 90% germination in 20 days. Seedlings of 0.5-1.0cm inoculated on to solid medium containing BAP (0.1- 2.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.01-0.2 mg/l) induced multiple shoots in 7 days and recorded maximum (28±0.816) in 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/ l IAA in 30 days. Subculture of shoot clumps (2-3 shoot buds) was done at 30 day intervals and obtained maximum shoots in the 2nd subculture (53.14±2.219) and a decline in shoot multiplication was noticed in the 3rd (45.71±4.033), 4th (29.14±1.624) and subsequent subcultures. Camptothecin in shoots of each subculture passage was estimated using HPTLC. Though there was no significant difference in CPT content between 2nd (0.0036% DW) and 3rd (0.0032% DW) subcultures, it was very low in 4th (0.0022%DW) and subsequent subcultures. Comparative biomass and CPT between conventionally propagated 70 day old seedling (0.634±0.04 g DW) (0.00287% DW) and in vitro- derived multiple shoots (4.782±0.70 g DW) (0.0036% DW) showed that later can be selected as a promising system for sustainable production of camptothecin. Keywords: Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos, camptothecin, subculture, multiple shoots, biomass. ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-58

Analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters of Waghala Lake, Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India Vasant Bawane2, Borse.R.R2 and Kishor Paithanpagare1 1Sant 2Jeevan

Bahinabai college shivoor Tq vaijapur Dist. Aurangabad, INDIA Vikas Mahavidyalaya Shivoor Tq Vaijapur Dist Aurangabad, INDIA

Abstract: Water is one of the most important and essential compounds of life,water is called as liquid of life but now a days water is get polluted due to may man made activities which creates various problems in the water ecosystem, Which severly damaging. the water quality and life of aquatic animals, In India fresh water is abundantly present in rivers dams, Lakes ponds, these fresh waters is utilised for various activites like drinking, washing, irrigation, aquaculture, hence water is the important for all living organisms so called as liquid of life or the Universal solvent, the physical characteristics of water like temperature, PH, alkalinity, DO etc. influences on the living organisms. Some chemical conents in water are useful for to increase the growth of flora and fauna of aquatic ecosystem where as some chemical contents are harmful also. as man made activities are increases which causes disturbance in the natural quality of water, like industrialization urbanisation, excess activities along the side of water reserviors causes the water pollution, such polluted water with chemical content is not normal, it is always changed the chemical composition of water, which causes the effect on aquatic ecosystem. Of Waghala Lake also, these lake is situated in vaijapur taluka,the major source of these lake is rainfall and agricultural run off, these lake is mainly useful for washing of domestic animals, clothes, irrigation and aquaculture, it has a capability of 4.5 mtft and characterized by muddy bottom with plenty of aquatic plants, an attempt has been made to check the quality of water during the period July 2011 to April 2012. in relation to analysis of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, Free co2, BOD. Keywords: Analysis, physico-chemical, parameters, waghala lake, Aurangabad District Maharashtra. ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-59

Effect of Pine Needle Allelochemicals on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Sorghum Sanjay Singh Baroniya1 and Mamta Bhoj Baroniya2 1Department 2School

of Botany, Govt. S. K. P. G. College, Dewas, MP, INDIA of Studies in Botany, Vikram University Ujjain, MP, INDIA

Abstract: Present study has been conducted to assess the impact of allelochemicals from Pinus needles on germination, early seedling growth and membrane properties in sorghum seeds. Sorghum seeds germination and early seedling growth reduced significantly with increasing concentration of extract, whereas electrolyte leakage and MDA content increased by the treatment. It is suggested that allelochemicals from Pinus needles have potential to induce membrane damage and reduction in germination and seedling growth of sorghum. Extract from Pinus needles exhibited allelopathic activity against Sorghum. The results demonstrated that Pinus needles extract is characterized by high allelopathic potential and inhibition in seed germination is due to enhanced membrane deterioration. Keywords: Pinus needles, Allelopathy, Sorghum, Membrane deterioration. International Science Congress Association

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-60

Streptomycetes: A Storehouse of Bioactive Compounds and Enzymes B: Production of Antimicrobials Bhasin Sheetal1, Gaur Sonal1 and Modi H.A.2 1Department

of Biosciences, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Khandwa Road, Indore MP, INDIA 2Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA

Abstract: Microbial interference in human life has always attracted researcher’s interest in searching potent antibiotic producers against the newly evolving multiple drug resistant microorganisms. One of the most attractive sources of antimicrobials is Actinomycetes specially Streptomycetes, which are responsible for majority of the commercially available antibiotics. Actinomycetes are soil inhabitants and have to compete with the bacteria, fungus, protozoans and other microscopic living forms for their survival. They are slow growers and confirm their existence in soil by producing varied antimicrobial compounds. The cultures were isolated from soil samples picked up from Indore region. They were characterised as Streptomyces, Actinomadura, Pseudonocardia Saccharomonospora, Kitasatosporia and Streptoverticillium according to Bergey’s Manual. Streptomyces dominated in the collection as they are the fast growers. We have screened more than two hundred actinomycetes for their capacity to inhibit bacteria and fungi. All the isolates were first screened by plate assay method and the selected ones by submerged fermentation process. Around forty per cent of the isolates were found to be active antimicrobial producers. Optimization of fermentation period, production medium and process parameters was done to achieve high yield of the bioactive compound. The antibiotics produced by our isolates were broad spectrum and was found to be effective against multiple drug resistant microorganisms. The effectiveness of the antimicrobials approves their ability to be commercialized. Keywords: Streptomycetes, Storehouse, Bioactive, Compounds, Enzymes, Production, Antibiotics ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-61

Studies on the parasitism of Mermis nigrescens Dujardin (Mermithida: Mermithidae: Nematoda) associated with paddy Grasshoppers in district Badin and its adjoining areas, Pakistan Azra Naz Soomro, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jmahsoro, PAKISTAN Abstract: Rice is considered the most precious crop in Badin to reduce attack of Pest grasshoppers million of acres of land are sprayed with insecticides. Parasites have been observed infecting high percentage of grasshoppers and may be of interest of biological control. Nematodes of genus Mermis parasitize many species of grasshoppers. At the present some observations has been made to note the parasitism of Mermis nigrescens Dujardin. Out of 748 collected specimens 411 were found infected with M.nigrescens while 337 were uninfected and greater infection was reported in the Oxya velox and Oxya hyla hyla which were the most abundant grasshoppers in rice fields and least infection was reported in the Ailopus species. It has been observed that if grasshoppers parasitized by one mermithid, grasshoppers lived for a few day following nematode emergence, but those attacked by more than one mermithid usually died prior to nematode emergence. During the field survey it has been also reported that different sizes of individual mermithid coils were found in the soil from field where nematodes were parasitizing grasshoppers but no other insect. During the present study incidence and parasitism of M.nigrescens was reported on the 09 host species of grasshoppers from district Badin. The incidence increased with the increase in humidity after the monsoons during the month of August and September it was significantly higher. However, parasitism ration was reported ten times greater in flooded rice fields than in grasslands. The rice crop remained in the field from June to October and pits were dug from November to June. When these fields were free from irrigation water the maximum number of nematodes were found in the first three months after harvest. Keywords: Rice. ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-62

Systematic status of Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) Ensifera of Pakistan Riffat Sultana, Waheed Ali Panhwar and Muhammad Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN

Abstract: A total of 731 specimens of Conocephalinae were collected from various provinces of Pakistan the material was sorted out into 06 species namely: Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculates (Le Guillou, 1841), Euconocephalus incertus,Walker 1869 Euconocephalus indicus (Redtenbacher, 1891) , Euconocephalus nasutus Thunberg, 1815. 74 International Science Congress Association

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) Euconocephalus mucro de Haan, 1842 and Euconocephalus pallidus, Redtenbacher, 1891, pertaining to 2 tribes viz: Copiphorini and Conocephalini. Beside this, two distinguish color forms in tegmina and wings of Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculates was also observed in some specimens tegmina and wings are white in color and without spots whereas in majority of specimens tegmina are dark in color and having spots. These findings have great value regarding the morphological characters of species when comparison has been done with already described species. This study was supported by grants received from Pakistan Science Foundation Islamabad for Research Project No PSF/S-SU/BIO (423). Keywords: Systematic, status, Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea), Ensifera. ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-63

Study on the taxonomy of Attractomorpha acutipenis (G.Meneville, 1844) (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) from upper Sindh, Pakistan Faheem Solangi, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN

Abstract: An extensive survey for the genus Attractomorpha Saussure, 1862 was carried out from various localities of upper Sindh during the year 2013. At the present a large number of specimens have been collected. In addition to this, taxonomic status of Attractomorphs acutipenis is updated according to the modern classification. Besides, this there is a significant variation has been reported in morphological characters of species when comparison has been done with other species of this genus. Keywords: Taxonomy, Attractomorpha acutipenis (G.Meneville, 1844), Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-64

Preliminary observations on the distributions of Oedipodinae (Orthoptera: Acridiodea: Acrididae) from Nara desert Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan Fakhra Soomro1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1, Riffat Sultana1 and Abdul Rasool Abbasi2 1Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN 2Dean Faculty of Natural Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN Abstract: Grasshopper fauna has been studied for the first time from Nara desert. During the present study extensive survey has been carried out from different areas of Nara desert during year 2012- 2013. A total of 214 specimens were collected from different localities of Nara desert i-e Mountainous, rocky, loose sandy, arid and semi arid areas. The collected material brought to laboratory then preserved by standard entomology method and sorted into 06 genera pertaining to 07 species i.e Hilethera aeolopoides Uvarov 1923, Aiolopus thallassinus thallassinus Faib 1853, Trilophidia annulata Thunberg 1873, Locusta migratoria Linnaeus 1758, Acrotylus humbertinus Saussure 1884, Sphingonotus rubisens rubiscens Walker 1870, S. savignyi Saussure 1884 of Oedipodinae..It was also observed that above Phytophiles species also shows the marked Xerophilic tendency to survive in the extreme dry condition and it is very interesting to note that all the species has been collected for the first time from this area. Present study suggests that it is good contribution in the biodiversity of desert insect fauna. Keywords: Distributions, Oedipodinae (Orthoptera: Acridiodea: Acrididae), Nara desert Khairpur ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-65

Biology and Economic Importance of Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricus, 1775) (Pyrgomorphidae: Acridoidae: Orthoptera) from district Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan Iltaf Ahmed Soomro, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN Abstract: Poekilocerus. pictus (Fab.) is commonly known as Akk grasshopper. It is considered a pest of varieties of crops i.e cow pea, okra, brinjal, castor, citrus, papaya, wheat, alfalfa, corn and cotton but it is principal pest of Caltrops gigantean in Sindh. During the present study its important life parameters i-e mating, copulation, oviposition behavior and development of different instars were studied. A total of 2163 specimen including both (immature and mature) were collected from different localities of district Shikarpur .In addition to this, it was also reported that P.pictus is bi -annul in nature it passed through six nymphal stages and adult being the seventh stages. At the present over all developmental International Science Congress Association

75

Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013 Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013) period was reported (62.60±5.98days) for male and (56.7±1.88 days) for female while duration of pre copulation was recorded (5.1±0.77 days) and the length of copulation was (8.5±5.01 hrs) and total no of mating before egg laying was noted (14.3±2.1), pre oviposition period was noted (14.5 1.43days) while oviposition period was reported (2.28±0.66 hrs). Beside this slight variation were studied in the morphology of egg pods and an egg of Akk grasshopper the size of egg pods was calculated (45.11±1.19 mm) and weight was (0.82 gms) . Similarly egg size was (7.75±0.25 mm) for fresh egg and (6.07±0.61mm) for dry eggs. P.pictus laid maximum (1.8±0.78) egg pods during entire period of life and total no of eggs per pod were counted (79.8±16.12). The result of such study will be instrumental in understanding and devising population management strategies to adopt control measure at appropriate time. Keywords: Biology, Economic Importance, Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricus, 1775), Pyrgomorphidae, Acridoidae, Orthoptera ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-66

Some observation on the incidence of Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Sukkur division, Sindh, Pakistan Nuzhat Soomro1, Riffat Sultana1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1 and Abdul Rasool Abbasi2 1Department 2Dean

of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN Faculty of Natural Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN

Abstract: Oxya is reported as severe pest of rice crop in Pakistan including Sindh. During present study a total of 163 specimens has been collected from various localities of Sukkur division. The collected material was sorted out into 04 species i-e. Oxya hyla hyla Serville 1831, O.velox Fabricius, 1787, O.fuscovitatta Marschall, 1836 and O.bidentata, Willemse, 1925. Presently significant variations have been noted in the morphological characteristics and differs in body parameters of species. Hopefully, present study will be beneficial for the pest control agencies in Sindh, Pakisatn. Keywords: Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Sukkur division ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-67

Some studies on the Immature Stages of the Acrida exaltata (Acridinae: Orthoptera) from Sukkur Division, Pakistan Sajjad Ali Larik1, Riffat Sultana1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1 and Imran Khatri2 1Department 2Department

of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, PAKISTAN

Abstract: Grasshoppers are polyphagus insect pest. They cause considerable damage to many precious crops in Sindh. Amongst these Acrida exaltata Dirsh, 1961 is reported as severe pest of rice in Sindh including Sukkur. During the field survey it was observed that immature stages of grasshoppers are more injurious to crops due to lacking of wings. It was therefore, felt necessary and an attempt has been made to study the life-cycle of this pest. Actually, Acrida exaltata comprises on six nymphal instars and all the developmental stages having significant difference with each other. Furthermore, Identification key and measurement of different body parts are also provided for easily reorganization of instars. Keywords: Immature, Stages, Acrida exaltata (Acridinae: Orthoptera), Sukkur Division ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-68

Reduction in the Faces Production and Food Consumption by three Rice Grasshoppers after Infection with Aspergillus species from Badin Sindh, Pakistan Santosh Kumar, Riffat Sultana and M. Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN

Abstract: During the present study three rice pest species i-e Pokilocerus pictus, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus and Oxya velox were treated with three Aspergillus species under laboratory condition. It was observed that infestation of Aspergillus cause significant reduction in the feeding and over all faeces production per insect i-e (F. (0.70) = 13.09, F. (0.83) = 14.84, F. (0.75) =13.09 and F. (1.74)=04.36 P

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