SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S1. Native seed ...

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Jun 9, 2017 - Native seed re-vegetation trial site descriptions including: locations, climate, soil properties and .... for restoration trials on the Falkland Islands.
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S1. Native seed re-vegetation trial site descriptions including: locations, climate, soil properties and underlying geology. Annual rainfall and temperature have been derived from climatic models (see Jones et al. 2013). Soil properties are from three replicate soil cores collected to a depth 0 – 15 cm prior to establishing sites in November 2015. Soil texture was determined via particle size analysis, bulk density (adjusting for stones > 2 mm), carbon and nitrogen content using elemental analysis and soil profiles were classified visually using World Reference Base groups and following Hodgson (1997). Underlying geology was obtained from maps (Aldiss & Edwards 1999). Soil texture analyses were bulked, but other soil properties are means ± 1 S.E.

Site

Farm

Soil

Latitude

Longitude

Altitude (m)

TempRainfall erature (mm) (ºC)

Soil properties Clay

Silt

Sand

Bulk density (g cm-3)

Texture (%)

Geology

Carbon (kg m-2)

Nitrogen (kg m-2)

Profile classification Dystric ombric hemic histosol

1+2

Cape Pembroke

Clay

-51.6912

-57.7622

14.1

597

6.2

41

34

25

1.05

26.77

1.11

±0.03

±0.68

±0.03

3

Cape Pembroke

Peat

-51.6905

-57.7652

13.1

599

6.1

-

-

-

0.18

64.20

2.08

±0.01

±1.15

±0.04

4

Cape Pembroke

Peat

-51.6911

-57.7580

12.2

599

6.1

-

-

-

0.17

72.39

2.21

±0.01

±2.44

±0.07

5

Goose Green

Peat

-51.7975

-58.9063

44.7

535

6.3

44

24

32

0.63

14.31

0.81

±0.05

±1.06

±0.06

6

Goose Green

Peat

-51.8034

-58.8923

65.7

557

6.2

44

24

32

0.32

18.48

1.16

±0.09

±5.77

±0.36

7

Fitzroy

Clay

-51.8133

-58.3479

13.8

594

6.3

45

25

30

0.88

3.80

0.40

±0.15

±0.73

±0.08

8

Fitzroy

Clay

-51.8176

-58.3540

21.2

594

6.2

41

30

29

0.66

2.77

0.32

±0.06

±0.31

±0.03

9

Fitzroy

Clay

-51.9051

-58.3972

5.1

506

6.3

41

41

18

0.88

10.64

0.91

±0.04

±0.48

±0.04

Dystric ombric hemic histosol Dystric ombric hemic histosol Dystric histic stagnosol Dystric histic stagnosol Umbric podzol Umbric podzol Umbric podzol

Quartzite and sandstone Quartzite and sandstone Quartzite and sandstone Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone Glacial mud with boulders Glacial mud with boulders Sandstone and mudstone

10

Fitzroy

Clay

-51.9211

-58.4131

6.0

504

6.1

38

24

38

0.74

3.22

0.50

±0.01

±0.03

±0.01

11 + 12

Fitzroy

Sand

-51.8991

-58.3943

3.2

512

6.3

0.3

3.3

96.4

1.53

5.52

0.15

±0.03

±0.10

±0.00

13

Fitzroy

Peat

-51.8226

-58.3542

19.2

518

6.3

-

-

-

0.47

42.89

3.16

±0.01

±0.74

±0.05

14

Fitzroy

Peat

-51.8222

-58.3502

17.6

518

6.3

-

-

-

0.44

34.62

2.42

±0.05

±3.53

±0.25

15

Saladero

Clay

-51.7114

-59.0496

11.4

506

6.6

43

23

34

0.74

4.83

0.52

±0.05

±0.33

±0.03

16

Saladero

Clay

-51.7702

-59.0272

7.6

476

6.6

38

43

19

1.02

12.68

0.80

±0.01

±1.24

±0.08

Umbric podzol Arenosol Fibric histosol Fibric histosol Umbric stagnosol Umbric stagnosol

Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone Sandstone and mudstone

Table S2. Wild seed germination rates for 15 native species used as part of a mixture for restoration trials on the Falkland Islands. Seeds were germinated rates are for three months. Seeds were germinated ex situ in 1% agar in growth chambers at Millennium Seed Bank, Kew (see http://brahmsonline.kew.org/msbp for specific species germination procedures) and in situ during the summer months on Falkland Island peat and sand. Species

Seed Germination (%) Empty, infested & immature (%) Agar Peat Sand 0.7 Acaena magellanica 97.4 98.6 52.8 2.4 Carex fuscula 64.1 0.2 0.3 45.5 Deschampsia flexuosa 20.0 13.8 1.3 18.8 Elymus magellanicus 66.2 72.8 50.5 8.4 Festuca contracta 42.2 63.8 30.3 25.5 Festuca magellanica 77.0 72.8 85.0 Gunnera magellanica 0.0* 0.0 0.0 8.3 Hierochloe redolens 92.6 16.4 22.5 8.3 Juncus scheuchzerioides 5.8 2.6 10.3 6.0 Leptinella scariosa 47.1 2.4 62.3 0.7 Luzula alopecurus 81.6 19.4 41.3 15 Poa alopecurus (peat ecotype) 67.3 45.6 36.0 20.8 Poa alopecurus (sand ecotype) 75.1 48.6 32.8 16.4 Poa flabellata 78.9 69.0 97.9 44 Trisetum phleoides 51.9 100.0 100.0 *Gunnera magellanica seeds exhibited a prolonged dormancy phase, but germinated ex situ after 245 and 334 days.

3

06/09/2017

Table S3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) summaries for total plant cover, total plant biomass, maximum plot height and number of native and non-native species. These variables have been tested in relation to supportive treatments (sheep dung, dags and geotextile), soil type, region and their interactions. Models use residual maximum likelihood (REML) and have been reduced to retain only significant factors from the full model. Total cover Total Biomass Maximum height Native species Non-native species F d.f p F d.f p F d.f p F d.f p F d.f p Dung 105.31 1,47