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Transform Based Speech Enhancement Techniques Soon Ing Yann ...

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implemented in the transform domain is presented. The strengths and ..... availability of cheap memory chips, the use of speech processing systems for voice.
Transform Based Speech Enhancement Techniques

Soon Ing Yann

School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

2003

Statement of Originality

I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original research and has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for a higher degree.

Date

Soon Ing Yann

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qY‚ sAB%‚ hj‚„R s„‚ I‚R$t‚I AsR‚I Bt Y‚ R$Zs$Bt Ys ABY tB$R‚ stI R}‚‚{Y s„‚ R$8Zjst‚BZRjk }„‚R‚t qY$R R$Zs$Bt b$jj tB A‚ „Z‚ IZ„$t Y‚ R$j‚t{‚ }‚„$BIR Ys ‚-$R $t tsZ„sj Z‚„st{‚R e%‚t bY‚t R}‚‚{Y $R }„‚R‚t Y‚ R}‚‚{Y ‚t‚„k $R tB Zt$PB„8jk I$R„$AZ‚I $t sjj Y‚ {B‚^{$‚tR stI {B‚^{$‚tR b$Y jBb R}‚‚{Y ‚t‚„k s„‚ IB8$ts‚I Ak Y‚ tB$R‚ 3B„ RZ{Y R$Zs$BtR Y‚ tB$R‚ {sttB A‚ ‚&‚{$%‚jk „‚8B%‚I ZR$t Y‚ sAB%‚ 8‚t$Bt‚I hj‚„R !t‚ BP Y‚ 8B„‚ {B88Bt 8‚YBIR BP YstIj$t Y‚ R$j‚t{‚ }‚„$BI $R Y„BZY Y‚ $t{B„}B„s$Bt BP Y‚ }„BAsA$j$k BP R}‚‚{Y sAR‚t{‚ $t Y‚ hj‚„ sR $t >d; dE d 11 ExH E;H $R ZR‚I $tR‚sI R$t{‚ $ $R 8B„‚ s{{Z„s‚ B 8s,‚ s I‚{$R$Bt AsR‚I Bt 8Zj$}j‚ P„s8‚R Yst P„B8 $tI$%$IZsj R}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚R qY‚ }„B}BR‚I 8‚YBI BP Y„‚RYBjI$t $R B ZR‚ Y‚ $t‚„P„s8‚ 8‚st {w>D BP s }s„${Zjs„ R}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚ B I‚{$I‚ $P $ RYBZjI A‚ {BtR$I‚„‚I sR s }Z„‚ tB$R‚ s8}j$ZI‚ {w>D )

d -

3 /… w>D/ 7

wxnED

7

yP {w>D $R j‚RR Yst 1 $8‚R Y‚ s%‚„s‚ tB$R‚ 8st$ZI‚ /x w>D/ $ $R {BtR$I‚„‚I B A‚ s tB$R‚ Btjk s8}j$ZI‚ V 8B„‚ s„‚RR$%‚ s‚tZs$Bt R{Y‚8‚ sR I‚R{„$A‚I $t eJZs$Bt wxnD $R Y‚t s}}j$‚I B RZ{Y s {B‚^{$‚t $‚ {W

{w>D c 1 /x w>D/ | …w>D )

# w>D w>DLd E7zwV w>D, {w>DD

wxnD Mn

qY‚ R{Y‚8‚ $R AsR‚I Bt Y‚ G$‚t‚„ hj‚„ bY${Y $R s}}j$‚I B Y‚ 8$t$8Z8 BP V w>D stI {w>D VR {w>D $R Y‚ $t‚„P„s8‚ 8‚st Y‚ R{Y‚8‚ b$jj Y‚j} B „‚IZ{‚ Y‚ R}Z„$BZR tB$R‚ R}$,‚R Ys {Bt„$AZ‚ B Y‚ 8ZR${sj Bt‚ {Ys„s{‚„$R${R BP Y‚ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ # $R st sII$$Btsj s‚tZs$Bt Ps{B„ Ys $R R‚ B ( B PZ„Y‚„ „‚IZ{‚ Y‚ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ j‚%‚j

x

i‚RZjR stI *$R{ZRR$BtR

qY‚ $t}Z R}‚‚{Y $R h„R I$%$I‚I $tB B%‚„js}}$t P„s8‚R BP 1xE Rs8}j‚R ‚s{Y b$Y s x0 B%‚„js} xdH 3B„ Y‚ ‚%sjZs$Bt BP Y‚ hj‚„R ‚t R}‚‚{Y Z‚„st{‚R BP h%‚ 8sj‚ stI h%‚ P‚8sj‚ R}‚s,‚„R P„B8 Y‚ qyyq IssAsR‚ s„‚ ZR‚I qY‚k s„‚ Rs8}j‚I s M ,EEH 3B„ {B8}s„$RBt }Z„}BR‚R Y‚ „‚RZjR s„‚ }jB‚I B‚Y‚„ b$Y Y‚ $t$tZ8 ‚st 7JZs„‚ e„„B„ 3$j‚„ w7eD Ak >d;H b$Y Y‚ }„BAsA$j$k BP R}‚‚{Y sAR‚t{‚ R‚ B (1 qY‚ „‚RZjR PB„ Y‚ *]q stI *3q $8}j‚8‚t$BtR s„‚ RYBbt R‚}s„s‚jk $t 3$Z„‚R xn stI x; PB„ Y‚ bY$‚ tB$R‚ {sR‚ stI 3$Z„‚R xx stI xE PB„ Y‚ 3dE tB$R‚ {sR‚ qY‚ M;

Noisy Spectral Amplitude

Silence

Speech/ Silence

G1 Speech

Y

N

ξ < 0.61

Multiplicative

cons.

G3

Sign Estimate

dest.

Subtractive

cons.

G2

Sign Estimate

T

Enhanced Spectral Amplitude

3$Z„‚ xnU 3jBb {Ys„ BP jBb I$RB„$Bt hj‚„ Mx

dest.

}„B}BR‚I hj‚„ $8}j‚8‚t‚I ZR$t Y‚ *3q $R I‚tB‚I sR N*3q bY$j‚ Ys ZR$t *]q $R I‚tB‚I sR N*]q 3B„ ‚%sjZs$t Y‚ R$t ‚R$8s$Bt sjB„$Y8 Y‚ $I‚sj „‚RZjR wyN*3q PB„ *3q stI yN*]q PB„ *]qD bY${Y s„‚ BAs$t‚I Ak ZR$t {j‚st R}‚‚{Y 8st$ZI‚ s„‚ sjRB RYBbt y {st A‚ R‚‚t Ys Y‚ $I‚sj {sR‚R Btjk }„‚R‚t 8$tB„ $8}„B%‚8‚tR B%‚„ BZ„ }„B}BR‚I sjB„$Y8 qY$R {Bth„8R B Y‚ %sj$I$k BP Y‚ R$t ‚R$8sB„ PB„ RZ{Y tB$Rk ‚t%$„Bt8‚tR qY‚ R$t ‚R$8sB„ $R $8}j‚8‚t‚I ZR$t s R‚{BtI B„I‚„ h stI Y‚ tZ8A‚„ BP P„s8‚R - $R R‚ B dd y {st A‚ R‚‚t Ys N*3q $R R$t$h{stjk A‚‚„ Yst Y‚ 7e hj‚„ stI Y‚ N*]q $R s {jBR‚ R‚{BtI V $8‚ }jB BP Bt‚ BP Y‚ tB$Rk R}‚‚{Y Z‚„st{‚R stI $R hj‚„‚I BZ}ZR s„‚ RYBbt $t 3$Z„‚R xM B xd1 qY‚ {B„„‚R}BtI$t R}‚{„B„s8R s„‚ RYBbt $t 3$Z„‚R xdn B xd qY‚ jBb‚„ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ IZ„$t Y‚ R$j‚t{‚ }‚„$BI {st A‚ BAR‚„%‚I JZ$‚ BA%$BZRjk !t j$R‚t$t B Y‚ ‚tYst{‚I R}‚‚{Y‚R ABY Y‚ }„B}BR‚I hj‚„R s„‚ PBZtI B }„BIZ{‚ jBb‚„ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ stI tB${‚sAjk j‚RR R}‚‚{Y I$RB„$Bt $t RB8‚ R}‚‚{Y R‚8‚tR yt sII$$Bt Y‚ R}‚‚{Y ‚t‚„k $t Y‚ }„B}BR‚I R{Y‚8‚ $R 8s$ts$t‚I Ztj$,‚ BY‚„ R{Y‚8‚R bY${Y „‚IZ{‚ Y‚ R}‚‚{Y ‚t‚„k qY‚ }„B}BR‚I sjB„$Y8 $R Y‚„‚PB„‚ %‚„k BBI $t 8$t$8$R$t ABY Y‚ R}‚‚{Y I$RT B„$Bt stI „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ bY${Y $R tB„8sjjk s „sI‚ B& PB„ BY‚„ sjB„$Y8R

xd(

]Bt{jZR$BtR

yt Y$R {Ys}‚„ s I$&‚„‚t s}}„Bs{Y B R}‚‚{Y ‚tYst{‚8‚t $R s,‚t stI $ $R JZ$‚ Ztj$,‚ „sI$$Btsj R{Y‚8‚R bY${Y sjbskR s‚tZs‚ Y‚ tB$Rk „stRPB„8 {B‚^{$‚tR Vt s‚8} $R 8sI‚ B ‚R$8s‚ bY‚Y‚„ Y‚ tB$Rk „stRPB„8 {B‚^{$‚t $R R8sjj‚„ Yst Y‚ {j‚st „stRPB„8 {B‚^{$‚t yP $ $R R8sjj‚„ Y‚ tB$Rk {B‚^{$‚t b$jj A‚ $t{„‚sR‚I $t 8st$ZI‚ $tR‚sI BP ZtI‚„B$t PZ„Y‚„ s‚tZs$Bt sR IBt‚ $t s „sI$$Btsj R{Y‚8‚ !t Y‚ BY‚„ YstI $P $ $R js„‚„ $ b$jj A‚ s‚tZs‚I qY$R tB%‚j ‚{Yt$JZ‚ $R s}}j$‚I B bB ‚t‚„${ k}‚R BP hj‚„ ts8‚jk Y‚ 8Zj$}j${s$%‚ hj‚„ stI Y‚ RZA„s{$%‚ hj‚„ qY‚ ME

3$Z„‚ x;U i‚RZjR BP sII$$%‚ bY$‚ tB$R‚ ZR$t *3q B}$8sj hj‚„R s„‚ I‚„$%‚I 8sY‚8s${sjjk ZR$t Y‚ j‚sR 8‚st RJZs„‚ ‚„„B„ {„$‚„$Bt stI ABY hj‚„R s„‚ RYBbt B A‚ RZ}‚„$B„ B $R }Z„‚jk s‚tZs$%‚ {BZt‚„}s„ y $R sjRB RYBbt 8sY‚8s${sjjk Ys Y‚ RZA„s{$%‚ hj‚„ $R A‚‚„ PB„ Y‚ {sR‚ b$Y sT}„$B„$ 7Wi sAB%‚ (Ed bY$j‚ Y‚ 8Zj$}j${s$%‚ hj‚„ $R A‚‚„ PB„ Y‚ {sR‚ b$Y sT}„$B„$ 7Wi A‚jBb (Ed qY$R j‚sIR ZR B st B}$8sj {B8A$ts$Bt BP Y‚ bB hj‚„R x;H e}Y„s$8:R I‚{$R$Bt I$„‚{‚I sT}„$B„$ 7Wi ‚R$8s$Bt >d;H ZR‚R s „Ztt$t s%‚„s‚ PB„8ZT js$Bt bY${Y $t%Bj%‚R Y‚ }„‚%$BZR P„s8‚R W‚$YAB„$t P„s8‚R s„‚ sjRB ‚-}jB$‚I $t >EH bY${Y ZR‚R Bt‚ I$8‚tR$Btsj $t‚„}Bjs$Bt stI $t >EMH bY${Y Z$j$9‚R s Bt‚ I$8‚tR$Btsj $t‚„}Bjs$Bt stI s bB I$8‚tR$Btsj R8BBY$t R{Y‚8‚ d;H stI sZI$B 8sR,$tTY„‚RYBjI hj‚„$t >EH AsR‚I Bt BA`‚{$%‚ 8‚sRZ„‚R

E1

jB{,$t stI 1* q„stRPB„8

qY‚ sII$$%‚ tB$R‚ 8BI‚j $R I‚R{„$A‚I Ak Y‚ PBjjBb$t ‚JZs$Bt U rw0D ) ?w0D L zw0D

wEdD

bY‚„‚ rw0D $R Y‚ BAR‚„%‚I tB$Rk R}‚‚{Y ?w0D $R Y‚ {j‚st R}‚‚{Y stI zw0D $R Y‚ sII$$%‚ As{,„BZtI tB$R‚ qY‚ BAR‚„%‚I R}‚‚{Y $R Y‚t I$%$I‚I $tB B%‚„js}}$t P„s8‚R BP j‚tY BP 1xE Rs8}j‚R $t ‚s{Y P„s8‚ qY‚ s8BZt BP B%‚„js} $R tB„8sjjk ‚$Y‚„ x( 0 B„ x 0 yt BZ„ $t%‚R$s$Bt x 0 B%‚„js}}$t $R ZR‚I Y„BZYBZ qY‚ ZR‚ BP x 0 B%‚„js}}$t 8‚stR Ys ‚s{Y P„s8‚ $R RY$P‚I P„B8 Y‚ }„‚%$BZR P„s8‚ Ak E; Rs8}j‚R rwE;UD rwE;U L dD rwE;U L 1D 333 rwE;U L 1xxDHx

wE1D

Vjj $tI${‚R ZR‚I $t Y$R }s}‚„ Rs„R P„B8 9‚„B V R}‚‚{Y AjB{, {st A‚ BAs$t‚I Ak s„„st$t s tZ8A‚„ BP P„s8‚R B‚Y‚„ B PB„8 s 8s„$- 7Z$sAj‚ tZ8A‚„R BP P„s8‚R s„‚ PBZtI ‚-}‚„$8‚tsjjk B A‚ M dE stI n1 yt BZ„ $t%‚R$s$Bt Y‚ tZ8A‚„ BP P„s8‚R ZR‚I $R dE Y„BZYBZ 7$8$js„jk ‚s{Y AjB{, B%‚„js}R $R t‚$YABZ„$t AjB{, Ak x( 0 qY‚ tY R}‚‚{Y AjB{, {st A‚ „‚}„‚R‚t‚I 8sY‚8s${sjjk sR s 8s„$- At  BP R$9‚ 1xE Ak dE sR RYBbt $t Y‚ PBjjBb$t ‚JZs$BtU At ) >PMt PMtLd PMtL1 333PMtLdx H

wEnD

7$8$js„ B Y‚ Bt‚ I$8‚tR$Btsj „stRPB„8 {sR‚ s bB I$8‚tR$Btsj ~~ dx

wE;D

bY‚„‚ w(  i  1xx, (  >  dxD V %$RZsj$9s$Bt BP Y‚ 1* D ~ 3 3 P w`, 8D ) jwi, >D?€ 1xx dx

i )( >)(

1xE

M

wEED

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 300 250

20 200 15 150 10

100 5

50 0

0

3$Z„‚ EdU 1* D jwi, >D ) P w`, 8D?€ ;(E `)( 8)( 1xE yt eJZs$BtR EE stI E 7 )

$

~

wED

d

y $R {j‚s„ P„B8 Y‚ I‚ht$$Bt BP Y‚ bB I$8‚tR$Btsj 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8 Ys Y‚ „stRPB„8 $R R‚}s„sAj‚ stI {st A‚ $8}j‚8‚t‚I ZR$t bB }sRR‚R BP Y‚ Bt‚ I$8‚tR$Btsj 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8 !t‚ }sRR $R s}}j$‚I „Bb b$R‚ bY$j‚ Y‚ BY‚„ }sRR $R s}}j$‚I {BjZ8t b$R‚ qY$R }„B}‚„k b$jj A‚ ‚-}jB$‚I $t BZ„ YkA„$I 1* }jZR d* hj‚„$t R{Y‚8‚



En

1* 3$j‚„$t

End

7}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚ RZA„s{$Bt

qY‚ R}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚ RZA„s{$Bt 8‚YBI >dxH {st A‚ s}}j$‚I B Y‚ 1* 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8 {sR‚ BB yt Y$R R{Y‚8‚ Y‚ 8st$ZI‚ BP Y‚ 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8 {B‚^{$‚t $R s‚tZs‚I Ak s Y„‚RYBjI bY${Y $R I‚}‚tI‚t Bt Y‚ ‚-}‚{‚I tB$R‚ 8st$ZI‚ W‚T s$%‚ „‚RZjst %sjZ‚R s„‚ {j$}}‚I B 9‚„B qY‚ s‚tZs‚I 8st$ZI‚ $R Y‚t {B8A$t‚I b$Y Y‚ tB$Rk }YsR‚ A‚PB„‚ Y‚ $t%‚„R‚ 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8 B}‚„s$Bt $R {s„„$‚I BZ qY‚ AjB{, I$s„s8 BP Y‚ 1* R}‚{„sj RZA„s{$Bt R{Y‚8‚ $R $%‚t $t 3$Z„‚ E1 N‚ Y‚ „stRPB„8‚I tB$Rk R}‚‚{Y AjB{, A‚ „‚}„‚R‚t‚I Ak O stI Y‚ ‚tYst{‚I | qY‚ ‚tYst{‚8‚t }„B{‚RR {st A‚ I‚R{„$A‚I Ak Y‚ R}‚‚{Y AjB{, A‚ „‚}„‚R‚t‚I Ak  PBjjBb$t ‚JZs$BtU | 8D/ ) Ey?w/V w`, 8D/  o>/]w`, 8D/H, (D /…w`,

wEMD

3BjjBb$t bY${Y Y‚ tB$Rk }YsR‚ V w`,8D  $R {B8A$t‚I b$Y Y‚ ‚tYst{‚I 8st$ZI‚ sR RYBbt A‚jBbU | 8D/?€w7V w`, 8DD | 8D ) /…w`, …w`,

wED

qY‚ ‚tYst{‚I R}‚‚{Y AjB{, $t Y‚ $8‚ IB8s$t $R BAs$t‚I Y„BZY $t%‚„R‚ 3BZ„$‚„ „stRPB„8U

33

X

d 1xx dx | 1$7w`i L dE8>D jwi, | >D ) …w`, 8D?€ ;(E `)( 8)( 1xE

~

wEd(D

qY‚ ‚&‚{ BP b$tIBb$t {st A‚ „‚%‚„R‚I Ak |Kwi, >D ) jwi, | >Db_wi, >D

wEddD d((

3$Z„‚ E1U 7}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚ RZA„s{$Bt

d(d

qY‚ htsj ‚tYst{‚I R}‚‚{Y $R BAs$t‚I Ak „‚%‚„R$t Y‚ AjB{,$t stI P„s8$t }„B{‚RR | PN ) (3xwAt w,D L Atd w, L MDD

wEd1D

bY‚„‚ Y‚ „‚js$BtRY$} A‚b‚‚t z i stI > $R $%‚t Ak Y‚ PBjjBb$t ‚JZs$BtRU wEdnD

z ) uUbMJ, bY‚„‚ u?J I‚tB‚R Y‚ js„‚R $t‚‚„ bY${Y $R R8sjj‚„ B„ ‚JZsj B - > ) U  Mz 3

wEd;D

7$8$js„jk ? |w0D ) (31xwWU wiD L WUd wi L E;D L WU1 wi L d1MD L WUn wi L d1DD

wEdxD

bY‚„‚ U ) u0bE;J

wEdED

i ) 0  E;U 3

wEdD

stI

qY‚ }‚„PB„8st{‚ BP Y‚ 1* R}‚{„sj 8st$ZI‚ RZA„s{$Bt 8‚YBI YsR A‚‚t ‚-}‚„$T 8‚tsjjk RYBbt B A‚ R$t$h{stjk A‚‚„ Yst $R d* ‚JZ$%sj‚t qY‚„‚ $R j‚RR I$RB„$Bt B Y‚ R}‚‚{Y stI Y‚ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ $R R}‚{„sjjk bY$‚ B„‚B%‚„ B%‚„ RZA„s{$Bt BP Y‚ tB$R‚ 8st$ZI‚ $t Y$R {sR‚ $R 8Z{Y 8B„‚ „BAZR Yst $t Y‚ d* {sR‚ Vt B%‚„ RZA„s{$Bt Ps{B„ BP 1 {st A‚ s}}j$‚I RsP‚jk „‚RZj$t $t 8Z{Y jBb‚„ „‚R$IZsj tB$R‚ /]w`, 8D/H

wEdD

qY‚ %s„$st{‚ BP ]\g w`, 8D $R I‚tB‚I sR ]\g w`, 8D1 stI {st A‚ BAs$t‚I Ak Y‚ PBjT jBb$t ‚JZs$BtU 1 ]\g w`, 8D1 ) o>/]w`, 8D/1 H  ];g

wE1(D

d(n

qY‚ 1* G$‚t‚„ hj‚„ $R ‚-}„‚RR‚I sR PBjjBbRU | 8D/ ) /…w`,

… w`, 8D1 w/V w`, 8D/  /V w`, 8D/D L /…w`, 8D/ … w`, 8D1 L ]\g w`, 8D1

wE1dD

1 bY‚„‚ …  /…w`, 8D/ /V w`, 8D/ s„‚ Y‚ jB{sj %s„$st{‚ BP /…w`, 8D/ stI jB{sj 8‚stR BP

/…w`, 8D/ stI /V w`, 8D/ „‚R}‚{$%‚jk VjYBZY Y‚ 1* G$‚t‚„ hj‚„ $R tB $8}j‚T 8‚tsAj‚ $t Y$R Rs‚ sR Y‚ Rs$R${R BP Y‚ {j‚st R}‚‚{Y s„‚ tB s%s$jsAj‚ Y‚ PBjjBb$t s}}„B-$8s$BtR {st A‚ 8sI‚U /…w`, 8D/ ) /V w`, 8D/  ];g

wE11D

… w`, 8D1 ) V w`, 8D1  ]\g w`, 8D1

wE1nD

stI

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wE1xD d(;

Cd 3 3 I  w`, 8D ) H /V wi, >D/ O  /V w`, 8D/  V

i )`Ld >)`Ld

1

1

i )`d >)`d

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