Using remote sensing technology to estimate

American Public Health Association th Annual National Aeronautics and Spaceand Administration 141 Meeting Exposition Boston M.A., USA 11/2-6/2013 Max Jacobo Moreno-Madriñán NASA Earth Science Division Applied Sciences Program William Crosson Andrew Monaghan Maurice Estes Jr. Sue Estes Dale Quattrochi Mary Hayden Saul Lozano-Fuentes Lars Eisen Carlos Welsh-Rodriguez Carolina Ochoa-Martinez Berenice Tapia-Santos Sarah Hemmings

DEVELOP National Program

Using remote sensing technology to estimate abundance of vectors of disease agents: Association between remotely sensed rainfall data and abundance of pupae of the mosquito vector of dengue virus, Αedes aegypti, in Mexico, as a case

Max Jacobo Moreno-Madriñán NO RELATIONSHIP TO DISCLOSE

Outline • Introduction • Analysis of association between in situ data on abundance of pupae of the mosquito vector of dengue (Aedes aegypti) and Remote Sensing (RS) data, with main focus on precipitation and complementarily also on Land Surface Temperature (LST). • New generation of NASA products that could be used to for this purpose and the additional advantages they will provide. • Conclusions and opportunities

Introduction • Remote Sensing (RS) technology is being increasingly used to estimate habitat suitability for a variety of vectors of disease agents. •

This technology offers a tremendous opportunity due to its suitability to cover large geographical areas time and cost efficiently. However, its application to more regional and local scale still present some limitations.

• Rainfall and temperature are parameters of special interest because are well-defined indicators of vector habitats. There are RS products that can be used to estimate these parameters.

Introduction, cont. • This is a cross-sectional analysis that assess the suitability of using RS estimators of precipitation and land surface temperature to search for associations with abundance of pupae of the mosquito vector of dengue virus, Aedes aegypti, in Mexico. The work presented here continues the pathway of previously NSF- and NASA-funded studies on the potential expansion of Ae. Aegypti possibly due to a climate change.

--------------------Note: Lozano-Fuentes et al. (2012) encountered larvae and/or pupae of Ae. Aegypti up to 2,130 m. This altitude exceeds by more than 300 m the previously known. Saul Lozano-Fuentes, Mary H. Hayden, Carlos Welsh-Rodriguez, Carolina Ochoa-Martinez, Berenice Tapia-Santos, Kevin C. Kobylinski, Christopher K. Uejio, Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Luca Delle Monache, Andrew J. Monaghan, Daniel F. Steinhoff, and Lars Eisen (2012). The Dengue Virus Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti at High Elevation in Mexico. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 87(5), 2012, pp. 902–909. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0244

Importance of Estimating Precipitation and Temperature

https://www.servirglobal.net/Africa.aspx

Importance of Estimating Precipitation and Temperature

http://rs4gzm.org/gzm/

Importance of Estimating Precipitation and Temperature

http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/maproom/Health/Regi onal/Africa/Malaria/MEWS/index.html

2013 Aquarius

Current NASA Earth Remote Sensing Observatories

Landsat-7

Aqua SORCE Terra

TRMM

NPP LDCM CALIPSO CloudSat

Aura

Remote Sensing (RS) Data Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) designed to measure rainfall for weather and climate research. Launched on November 27, 1997 180° W

180° E

50° N

Tropical and subtropical rainfall

50° S

Remote Sensing (RS) Data, cont. 0

250

500

1,000 Kilometers

Start Date: 1998-01-01; Stop Date: -

Area of study

Daily TRMM (3B42 V7 derived) A 3 hourly temporal resolution is adjusted to daily temporal resolution. Spatial resolution: 0.25-degree by 0.25-degree ≈ 26,281 m http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/precipitation/tovas

In Situ Data • Data on abundance of pupae of Aedes aegypti were provided by the authors of the scientific article referenced below. Such in situ data was obtained through field surveys conducted in 12 communities in Mexico by students of the “Universidad Veracruzana” under supervision of scientists from that university and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).

--------------------Saul Lozano-Fuentes, Mary H. Hayden, Carlos Welsh-Rodriguez, Carolina Ochoa-Martinez, Berenice Tapia-Santos, Kevin C. Kobylinski, Christopher K. Uejio, Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Luca Delle Monache, Andrew J. Monaghan, Daniel F. Steinhoff, and Lars Eisen (2012). The Dengue Virus Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti at High Elevation in Mexico. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 87(5), 2012, pp. 902–909. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0244

In Situ Data Collection

Puebla Acultzingo

Area of Study 0 12.5 25

Perote

50 Kilometers

TRMM mm of precipitation

Xalapa Coatepec

Puebla

Atlixco

Rio Blanco

Orizaba

Ciudad Mendoza

12 communities ≈ 4 clusters / community ≈ 59 premises / community Cluster: area of approximately 1 km2 including approximately 50 blocks http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/precipitation/tovas

SRTM Meters above sea level

Cordoba

Maltrata Acultzingo

Veracruz

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Spatial resolution: 90 m Radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an 11-day mission in February of 2000. http://gdex.cr.usgs.gov/gdex/

TRMM Estimated Pecipitation, cont. 0 12.5 25

Perote

50 Kilometers

TRMM mm of precipitation

Xalapa Coatepec

Puebla

Atlixco

Rio Blanco Maltrata Acultzingo

Orizaba Cordoba Ciudad Mendoza

Daily TRMM (3B42 V7 derived) A 3 hourly temporal resolution is adjusted to daily temporal resolution. Spatial resolution: 0.25 ° by 0.25° ≈ 26,281 m http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/precipitation/tovas

Veracruz

Spatial resolution an issue?

From Community to Cluster 0 12.5 25

Perote

50 Kilometers

TRMM mm of precipitation

Xalapa Coatepec

Puebla

Atlixco

Rio Blanco Maltrata Acultzingo

Orizaba Cordoba Ciudad Mendoza

Daily TRMM (3B42 V7 derived) A 3 hourly temporal resolution is adjusted to daily temporal resolution. Spatial resolution: 0.25 ° by 0.25° ≈ 26,281 m http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/precipitation/tovas

Veracruz

TRMM at the Community Level 0 12.5 25

50 Kilometers

16

Orizaba

Perote

Xalapa Coatepec

Atlixco

Rio Blanco Maltrata

Orizaba

Veracruz

R = 0.65*

12 10 8

Rio Blanco

6 4 2 0 0

Cordoba

200

400

600

TRMM estimated precipitation, mm

Acultzingo

Ciudad Mendoza

Analysis of correlation between presence or abundance of pupae of Ae. aegypti and the TRMM estimated precipitation focused primarily on TRMM data for the 4 weeks period preceding the survey in a given community in 2011.

Estimated proportion of premises with Pupae

Puebla

Estimated mean no. of Pupae per premise

14

0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

Rio Blanco Orizaba

R = 0.62*

0

* Significant at the 95% confidence level

200

400

600

TRMM estimated precipitation, mm

Example: Puebla 4 clusters 48 premises

Estimated mean no. of pupae per premise

TRMM at the Cluster Level 25 20

R = 0.49

15 10 5 0 0 200 400 600 TRMM estimated precipitation, mm

0.70

2 Kilometers

Similarly, analysis of correlation between presence or abundance of pupae of Ae. aegypti and the TRMM estimated precipitation at the cluster level was based on TRMM data for the 4 weeks period preceding the survey in a given cluster in 2011.

0.60 Estimated proportion of premises with pupae

0 0.5 1

R = 0.43

0.50 0.40

0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0

200 400 600 TRMM estimated precipitation, mm

Things look very promising in the horizon Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Frequency Resolution 10.65 GHz (V&H) 19.4 x 32.2 km 18.7 GHz (V&H) 11.2 x 18.3 km 23.8 GHz (V) 9.2 x 15.0 km 36.5 GHz (V&H) 8.6 x 14.4 km 89.0 GHz (V&H) 4.4 x 7.3 km 165.5 GHz (V&H) 4.4 x 7.3 km 183.3±3 GHz (V) 4.4 x 7.3 km 183.3±7 GHz (V) 4.4 x 7.3 km GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar KuPR KaPR Frequency 13.6 GHz 35.55 GHz Swath 245 km 120 km Resolution 5 km 5 km Range resolution 250 m 250/500 m Minimum detection