quality software due to fast development etc. Adaptive software development process (ASDP) model is modified approach of extreme programming (XP) which ...
$Q([WHQGHG$GDSWLYH6RIWZDUH 'HYHORSPHQW3URFHVV0RGHO 0RKG6DGLT
7DQYHHU+DVVDQ
6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ /DERUDWRU\ /DE 1R &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ 6HFWLRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 3RO\WHFKQLF)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ -DPLD 0LOOLD ,VODPLD $ &HQWUDO 8QLYHUVLW\ 1HZ 'HOKL,QGLD (PDLO VDGLTMPL#JPDLOFRP
6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ /DERUDWRU\ /DE 1R &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ 6HFWLRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 3RO\WHFKQLF)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ -DPLD 0LOOLD ,VODPLD $ &HQWUDO 8QLYHUVLW\ 1HZ 'HOKL,QGLD (PDLO WDQYHHUKDVVDQ#JPDLOFRP
$EVWUDFW $JLOH VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW KDV UHFHLYHG PXFK DWWHQWLRQ LQ VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW FRPPXQLW\ EHFDXVH LW SURPRWHVIDVWGHYHORSPHQWRIVRIWZDUHSURGXFW2QWKHEDVLV RIRXUOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZZHKDYHLGHQWLILHGFHUWDLQOLPLWDWLRQ RIDJLOHPHWKRGVLHWKHUHLVQRSURSHUGRFXPHQWDWLRQSRRU TXDOLW\ VRIWZDUH GXH WR IDVW GHYHORSPHQW HWF $GDSWLYH VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV $6'3 PRGHO LV PRGLILHG DSSURDFK RI H[WUHPH SURJUDPPLQJ ;3 ZKLFK LQFOXGHV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG SODQQLQJ DQDO\VLV GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW DQG WHVWLQJ DQG GHSOR\PHQW 7KHUH DUH IRXU FRQWURO YDULDEOHV LQ ;3 OLNH FRVW WLPH TXDOLW\ DQG VFRSH 7KLVSDSHUSUHVHQWVDQH[WHQGHGYHUVLRQRI$6'3PRGHOE\ LQWHJUDWLQJWKHHVUF7RROIRUWKHFRPSXWDWLRQRIFRVWRIHDFK UHTXLUHPHQW )LQDOO\ ZH LGHQWLI\ WKH UHVHDUFK LVVXHV IRU IXWXUHZRUN
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c 978-1-4799-2900-9/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE
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
557
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
558
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¶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
2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT)
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¶V LQSXW SDUDPHWHUV )RU H[DPSOH \RXU DVVHVVPHQW WKDW D SURGXFW VL]H LV I XQFWLRQ SRLQW UHVWV RQ WKH DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW \RX KDYH FRUUHFWO\ LGHQWLILHGWKHFXVWRPHUUHTXLUHPHQWV7KLVLVWKHIRUPRI ULVNDQDO\VLV)RUH[DPSOHLI\RXEHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHLVD SUREDELOLW\WKDWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWFRPSOH[LW\KDVEHHQ XQGHUHVWLPDWHG DQGLI LWKDV \RX HVWLPDWH DQRWKHU IXQFWLRQSRLQW$WWKLVSRLQWWKHFRQFHSWRIULVNH[SRVXUH LV XVHG WR FDOFXODWH WKH HIIHFWLYH FXUUHQW FRVW RI D ULVN DQG FDQ EH XVHG WR SULRULWL]H ULVN WKDW UHTXLUHV FRXQWHUPHDVXUH0DWKHPDWLFDOO\LWFDQEHZULWWHQDV 3UREDELOLW\RIULVNRFFXUULQJ 7RWDOORVVLIULVNRFFXU 7RWDO ORVV FDQ EH GHILQHG DV (( :KHUH ( LV WKH HIIRUW LI WKH RULJLQDO DVVXPSWLRQ LV WUXH DQG ( LV WKH HIIRUW LI WKH DOWHUQDWLYH DVVXPSWLRQ LV WUXH 6XSSRVH ( SHUVRQ GD\V DQG ( SHUVRQ GD\V WKHQ ULVN H[SRVXUH SHUVRQGD\V 7KH HVUF7RRO DOVR LQFOXGHV WKH 0&5650 LQ RUGHU WR FRPSXWH WKH ULVN ZKHQ WKHUH DUH VRPH FKDQJHV LQ WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV DGGLWLRQ PRGLILFDWLRQ RU GHOHWLRQ 7KHUHIRUHWRWDOULVNFDQEHFRPSXWHGDV>@ >ED@ L WRQ .>$>FG@ L %>GE@ L *>HE@ L @ :KHUH L >ED@ L 1XPEHU RI PLVVLRQ FULWLFDO UHTXLUHPHQWV 7RWDO QXPEHU RI UHTXLUHPHQWV DW WKH LQSXW RI SKDVH QXPEHUL LL . L LVWKHSHQDOW\IRUDGGLQJPRGLI\LQJRUGHOHWLQJRI UHTXLUHPHQWVGXULQJSKDVHQXPEHUL LLL D WRWDOQXPEHURIUHTXLUHPHQWV LY E WRWDO QXPEHU RI 0LVVLRQ &ULWLFDO 5HTXLUHPHQWV 0&5 Y F QXPEHURI0&5DGGHGGXULQJSKDVHL
2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT)
559
YL G QXPEHURI0&5PRGLILHGGXULQJSKDVHL ([WUDFWLQJ6RXUFH&RGH ,QSXW9DULDEOHV
YLL H QXPEHURI0&5GHOHWHGGXULQJSKDVHL
)3
USERS ( EI, EO,
EQ)
ILF and EIF
Measurement Error
Model Error
Estimate the effort and Cost
Assumption Error
If there are some changes in the requirements after requirement analysis
Estimate Risk Exposure
Apply MCRSRM
Risk prioritization and conduct ranking Estimation of Software cost using ISBSG Cost estimation )LJ$UFKLWHFWXUHRIHVUF7RRO Top N Risk
Risk Estimation
Team Review and Action Planning
%&RVW(VWLPDWLRQ
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
Adaptive Process Model for Agile Development
Communication and Planning
Analysis
Design and Testing
Testing and Deployment
560
VRIWZDUHLQGXVWU\$IWHUJRLQJWKURXJKWKHVHVRIWZDUH SURMHFWV WKH ,6%6* FRQFOXGH WKDW PHGLDQ FRVW WR GHYHORSDIXQFWLRQSRLQWLV86DQGWKHDYHUDJH FRVW LV 86 SH U IXQFWLRQ SRLQW )RU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH ,6%6* SOHDVH YLVLW ZZZ,6%6*RUJDX E\ >@ 7KH EORFN GLDJUDP RI ($6'3 LV JLYHQ LQ )LJ3URSRVHGPHWKRGLQFOXGHVWKHIROORZLQJVWHSV &RPSXWDWLRQ RI IXQFWLRQ SRLQW IRU WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI FRVW RI HDFK UHTXLUHPHQW EHFDXVH HVUF7RRO DFFHSWV )3 DV DQ LQSXW YDULDEOH 3ULRULWL]DWLRQ RI UHTXLUHPHQWV ,W LV DQ LPSRUWDQWSULQFLSOHRI;3
XP‘s Control Variables Cost esrcTool Time Quality Scope )LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPRI($6'30RGHO
Function Point Computation
Prioritization of Requirements
2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT)
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
5HTXLU HPHQWV 5
9DOXHVRI )3
0HDVXUHPHQW (UURU )3 )3
7DEOH 0RGHO(UURU $VVXPSWLRQ 5LVN (UURU ([SRVXUH SHUVRQ $GGLWLRQRI 3HUVRQ GD\V )3 GD\
5
)3 )3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
5
)3)3
SHUVRQ GD\V
$GGLWLRQRI )3
3HUVRQ GD\
7RYDOLGDWHWKHSURSRVHGPRGHOZHKDYHFRQVLGHUHG WKH SURMHFW V GHYHORSHG E\ RXU VWXGHQWV LQ VRIWZDUH HQJLQHHULQJ ODERUDWRU\ 7KHVH SURMHFWV ZHUH GHYHORSHG E\DJLOHPHWKRGV7KHUHVXOWVRXUZRUNLV VXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH,Q7DEOHWHQUHTXLUHPHQWV DUH JLYHQ DORQJ ZLWK WKHLU )3 YDOXH 7KHVH UHTXLUHPHQWV DUH LGHQWLILHG E\ DSSO\LQJ WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV HOLFLWDWLRQ PHWKRGV WKDW ZH KDYH SURSRVHG LQ > @ )RU H[DPSOH IRU UHTXLUHPHQW LH 5 WKH YDOXH RI )3 LV $IWHU DSSO\LQJ
FRVW
3ULRULW\
FRVWRI RQH)3WR
FRVWRIRQH)3 FRVWRI RQH)3WR
FRVWRIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVWRIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3 FRVWRIRQH )3WR FRVW RIRQH)3
HVUF7RRO ZH JHW WKH YDOXH RI PHDVXUHPHQW HUURU )3)3PRGHOHUURU SHUVRQGD\V DQG DVVXPSWLRQ HUURU VKRZV WKDW WKHUH LV QHHG RI DGGLWLRQDO )3 2Q WKH EDVLV RIR XU VWXG\ ZH FRQFOXGHWKDW5KDVWKHKLJKHVWSULRULW\6XFKW\SHV RI DQDO\VLV KHOS UHTXLUHPHQWV DQDO\VWV LQ ;3 WR LGHQWLI\WKHUDQNRIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQOHYHO
2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT)
561
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³7KH 3UDJPDWLF 3URJUDPPHU´$GGLVRQ:HVOH\ $ ,VKL]DND DQG $ /DELE ³5HYLHZ RI WKH 0DLQ 'HYHORSPHQW LQ WKH $QDO\WLF +LHUDUFK\ 3URFHVV´ ([SHUWV 6\VWHPV ZLWK $SSOLFDWLRQV 9RO 1R SS $JLOH $OOLDQFH 3ULQFLSOHV EHKLQG WKH $JLOH 0DQLIHVWR KWWS DJLOHPDQLIHVWRRUJ SULQFLSOHVKWPO %: %RHKP ³$ 6SLUDO 0RGHO RI 6RIWZDUH 'HYHORSPHQW DQG (QKDQFHPHQW´ ,((( &RPSXWHU9ROSS &KDQ).
