Design and Simulation of Interconnected Autonomous ...

2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology

Design and Simulation of Interconnected Autonomous Systems Mohammed A Qadeer

Piyush Varshney

Najmul Huda Khan

Dept of Computer Engg Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202 002, India [email protected]

Business Information Systems Gas Authority of India Ltd Pata (Auraiya) 206 244, India [email protected]

Software Engineer Aricent India Ltd Gurgaon , India [email protected]

2. ISP IMPLEMENTATION A short introduction on ISP infrastructure, Boson Network simulator and related issue like designing and simulating of ISP over this simulation package are dealt as follows.

Abstract-Autonomous Systems such as Internet Service Provider (ISP), Enterprise Networks and Academic Networks provide Internet services like internet transit, domain name registration and hosting, dial-up access, leased line access and co-location. Simulation provides an insight into the behavior of these AS. The internal details like designing, configuring and maintaining networks through protocols that include routing, switching, etc are well understood by this paper. This paper describes how the design of Autonomous Networks can be built on a Network Designer while using leased line and Ethernet technologies. Later these designs can be simulated on a Network Simulator with the use of routing and switching protocols. For this scheme to be implemented successfully different equipment like routers, switches, Ethernet and serial connection, PCs, etc are used and techniques like IP addressing schemes, CIDR and VLSM is implemented.

2.1 ISP Infrastructure The infrastructure consists of a connection provider and information provider. A connection provider functions as connecting the network from the backbone interface to end users and information provider on other hand deals with other services like web services, email, newsgroups, bandwidth control, selling of IP address etc. as provided by ISP to the end users.

Keywords: routing, switching, network simulator, network designer, leased line, Ethernet , CIDR and VLSM, Netsim.

1.

INTRODUCTION Internet consists of thousands of interconnected systems also called as Autonomous System (AS’s) loosely defined as networks and routers under a single administrative control [1][2]. Routing in the internet is performed on two levels (intra-domain & inter-domain) implemented by two sets of protocols. Interior gateway protocols (IGP), such as RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, IGRP and EIGRP, route packets within single AS (intra domain). Exterior gateway protocols (EGP), such as BGP4 route packets between AS’s (inter-domain) [4]. Switching on the lower level is performed on a local network within a LAN. Building a VLAN network and applying protocols like VTP and spanning tree on a network. We implemented an ISP model over an interconnected network, in the network simulator provided by BOSON and certified by CISCO for its Cisco Academy program and studies [8]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we give a general introduction on ISPs’ and network simulator NetSim. Types of network and its construction on NetSim are discussed on Section 3 while in Section 4 techniques for configuration of design are implemented. Section 5 is on testing the result and Section 6 is conclusion of our paper. 978-0-7695-3521-0/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICCET.2009.213

Figure 1: Distribution network connects backbone to the access network. Core network is responsible for connection of internet through routers.

2.2 BOSON Network Simulator We implement an ISP network over the most popular network simulator which is BOSON NetSim v7.0. The Simulator is one of the certified software by CISCO and deals with CCNA & CCNP course studies. BOSON NetSim consists of a network designer which deals with design phase and a network simulator that deals with configuration of the design thus formed [8].

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topology. Topology consists of variety of types that include star, bus, tree, mesh and many more.

Figure 3: Local Area Network

3.2 Wide Area Network Wide Area Network, or WAN is a communication network that spans a large geographical area. Since LAN is not sufficient for connecting a large network running with a variety of protocols so it is necessary to deal with a WAN. Figure 2: BOSON Network Designer – loading the design

2.3 ISP Implementation on NetSim Our ISP is a huge network model which is directly connected through a BACKBONE that provides the internetwork to the other ISPs and the wide INTERNET connection. The implementation of ISP was done using BOSON Network designer which provides graphical view of network consisting of equipments connected via Ethernet and serial link. The network design thus formed is implemented on BOSON network simulator. The simulation begins with providing the IP address for each equipment and later applying a packet distribution mechanism through routing and switching.

Figure 4 : Wide Area Network

3. DESIGN OF A NETWORK Design of ISP network consists of accessing the Ethernet and leased line technologies through building of local area network and wide area network [9]. The constructions of such networks over BOSON Network designer are dealt in the next section.

Typically WAN consists leased line technology that uses point to point connection through dedicated link, in which one side has clocking end for synchronization of connection.. Other set is a dial up access which is a form of WAN technologies in which client uses a modem to dial the Node, a dial server type such as PPP and TCP/IP protocols to establish a modem to modem link which is then routed to the internet. The resultant connection is low cost with temporary connection.

3.1 Local Area Network LANs are distinguished by its three characteristics: (1) their size, (2) their transmission technology, and (3) their

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switching configuration includes simulating the VTP protocol.

3.3 Our Network Implementation on NetSim The design of the network started with identifying the area covered for providing the internet connection, which can be build using setup of routers in those network areas. Using those routers we provide the connection to various switch and servers, which directly connect to different LAN for providing the internet connection to our clients. We also identified the different types and number of hardware requirements for different places which can be cabled through the various linking medium according to the satisfied need of the location distance for each other [5]. For e.g. for local connections we need Ethernet link while for far distance communication we need point-topoint Serial link. We also did the various topological research of the region before setting up a network ISP model and their equipments. Topological analysis is done in order to identify the region where the Ethernet and where the Serial Cabling is required. After so much regional and topological analysis we then present an ISP network design ready for the management [9].

4.1.1 IP Addressing schemes Some systems, such as routers which have interfaces to more than one network, must be assigned a unique IP address for each interface. We implemented the CIDR addressing. 4.1.2 Sample Configuration Fast-Ethernet Configuration of Router - /25 addressing

Serial Configuration on Router - /30 addressing

As shown on previous page (figure 5), our network map was developed on BOSON Network designer [8]. After identifying the area covered for internet connection, we had decided that our setup of network is basically on northern part of India with an AS no. of 6432 providing services to other different AS. The setup shows our host, one was a company XYZ residing in AGRA, MEERUT, DELHI & ALIGARH and the other to provide a connection to our university AMU. As with other networks, our network is also supported by two backbones where we linked to the internet through them. They are basically in UDAIPUR and GURGAON. All the external interfaces and long distance links are provided with a Serial Cable while short distance and link with switches and LAN is provided with any Ethernet link.

PC configuration of corresponding Fast-Ethernet (above)

4.2 Configuration of routers

As for nomenclature of network diagram of our network, we provided a router with its convention image with caption of the name of city where it has set up. Some city has more than one router, than they are written with different extensions like central (ctr.), north (N) and east(E). Some cities also prefixed with ISP showing that it is our part of the network. As concerned with switches they are prefixed with SW showing the switches residing that city on which it is named. Similarly SERVER, PC and LAPTOP provided the setup of LAN at various places.

This topic deals about layer 3 devices i.e. router and its routing procedures. 4.2.1 Need for a Routers Routers are layer 3 networking devices. Routers are internetworking devices that connect similar and heterogeneous network segments into internetworks. Routers store and forward datagram and process network layer information. Routers also run routing protocols that discover and gather information about the network topology, calculate routes to other networks, and build routing tables.

4. NETWORK CONFIGURATION OF ISP The configuration of ISP model starts with brief introduction on IP Addressing scheme and CIDR implementation. The router configuration includes the topic of simulating the IGP and EGP protocols while

4.2.2 Routing Mechanism Routing is a packet-forwarding process that takes place on internetworks (i.e., separate networks that are joined by

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related to private LAN. This is called as virtual LAN (VLAN). But VLANs have always been difficult to configure, while routed sub-netting is well understood.

routers) [4]. Several routing algorithms have been devised to handle this task. They can be categorized as; • Distance Vector routing • Link State routing • Cut-through routing • Explicit routing • Constraint based routing

Sample configurations of switches on Boson Netsim;

4.2.2 Routing Protocols Routers refer to the tables when forwarding packets. This table is built by router when running a routing protocol. Two major category of Static and Dynamic routing is available. Dynamic routing have two major categories: interior gateway protocols (IGP) and exterior gateway protocols (EGP) [3][6].

5. TESTING AND RESULT 5.1 Showing IP Routing

Sample configuration on Boson Netsim of the different routing protocols are given below; Sample Configuration OSPF

5.2 Showing IP Protocol Table

4.3 Configuration of switch A switch works at Layer 2 of the OSI model (the Data Link Layer) and functions to concentrate the point of attachment for workstations, servers, routers, hubs and switches. Unlike the routers, switches are the most important component of the low level configuration that is

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[4] C. Huitema, Routing in the Internet, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000

5.3 Showing VLAN Table

[5] D. M. Nicol, “Scalability of network simulators revisited”, Proc. Of CNDS, Orlando, FL, February 2003. [6] T. Griffin and B. Premore, “An experimental analysis of BGP convergence time” in Proc. ICNP, Riverside, CA November 2001, pp. 53-61. [7] GNU Zebra: http://www.zebra.org [8] Boson Netsim: http://www.boson.com [9] Nizar AI-HoIou’, Ph. D., Knicolas K. Boo&, and Ece Yaprak3, Ph. D., “Using Computer Network Simkulation Tools as Supplements to Computer Network Curriculum” in 30th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, October 18 - 21,2000 Kansas City, MO [10] George F. Riley, Mostafa H. Ammar, Richard M. Fujimoto, Donghua Xu, li'alyan Perumalla, “Distributed Network Simulations using the Dynamic Simulation Backplane”, Distributed Computing Systems, 2001. 21st International Conference on. 16-19 April 2001 Page(s):181 – 188 [11] Robert G. Cole, George Riley, Derya Cansever and William Yurcik, “Stochastic Process Models for Packet/Analytic-Based Network Simulations” in 22nd Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, IEEE Computer Society, 2008 [12] Qi He, Mostafa Ammar, George Riley, Richard Fujimoto, “Exploiting the Predictability of TCP’s Steady-state Behavior to Speed Up Network Simulation” in Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Int.l Symp. on Modeling, Analysis, & Simulation of Computer & Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS.02), 2002

6. CONCLUSION A network has become a must for communication but from experience we learned that it is not so easy to create setup and manage even a small area network. It requires a lot of dedication to keep a network up and running and to provide good quality. Simulation has become a very useful tool in many fields of everyday life and it plays a very important role in education and science. It is not possible to actually design and implement an actual network, even a small project of building a network since it requires a huge infrastructure to involve. Simulations provide us with the capability to understand and get a good feel about the things without actual risk involved in the given situation. Our paper ends up with discussing all these details but an ISP doesn’t stop at that point. As we stated earlier that ISP has to work a lot of things, so use of different other software package we can simulate and even implement all such topic covered by an ISP.

[13] Zhengrong Ji, Junlan Zhou, Mineo Takai, Jay Martin, Rajive Bagrodia, “Optimizing Parallel Execution of Detailed Wireless Network Simulation” in Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS’04), 2004 IEEE Computer Society [14] Aliff Umair Salleh, Zulkifli Ishak , Norashidah Md. Din, Md Zaini Jamaludin, “Trace Analyzer for NS-2” in 4th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD 2006), Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, 27-28 June, 2006, IEEE [15] Jens Voigt, “A Novel Approach to Processing Speed Enhancement for Dynamic CDMA Network Simulations” in Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004 IEEE 60th, Volume 6, 26-29 Sept. 2004 , Page(s):4301 - 4305 Vol. 6 [16] Xin Liu; Chien, A.A, “Realistic Large-Scale Online Network Simulation” in Supercomputing, 2004. Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE SC2004 Conference 2004 Page(s):31 - 31

REFRENCES [1] C. Labovitz, G. Malan, and F. Jahanian “Origins of Internet Routing Instability” in Proc. INFOCOM, New York, NY, March 1999, pp. 218226 [2] T. Griffin, F. Shepherd, and G. Wilfong, “The stable paths problem and interdomain routing”, IEEE Transactions on Networking, vol. 10, no. 2, April 2002, pp. 232-243\ [3] Y. Rekhter and T. Li, “A border gateway protocol 4 (BGP- 4)”, RFC 1771, March 1995

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