IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India
A Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System Examining Environmental Parameters Using Feasibility of a GSM Module DEEPAK PUNETHA
VARTIKA MEHTA
Department of Electronics and Communication Tula’s Institute Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Department of Electronics and Communication Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun, India
[email protected]
Abstract- This paper report proposes a wireless approach for monitoring a remote area which has a large area and therefore becomes difficult to be managed by an individual due to lack of any information. Using GSM module, it is a very effective and accurate techniques to transmit useful information. That information contains the parameters such as temperature and humidity of the medium. For sensing the temperature a thermistor has been used, which is a low cost device having temperature range -110˚F to 500˚F. This is one of the most sensitive sensors and exhibits a large range of change in the temperature. HR202, is an organic macromolecule material, which is used for sensing humidity of the medium. A cell phone is needed at the receiver’s end which is used to get the value of the parameters. For controlling the system a microcontroller has been used with which every sensor and GSM module has been connected. Whenever, in the real time, the value of a parameter changes, a message is automatically sent to the predefined numbers containing the value of the parameters. One can also receive the details of parameters such as temperature and humidity by just giving a call to the GSM in which a SIM card has been inserted. The ability to have someone monitor the parameters around the clock is the best thing that this system can do. This technology focuses on the delivery of a safe, effective, and efficient, agriculture based remote monitoring system. Keywords- Remote Monitoring; GSM Module; Humidity Sensor; Temperature sensor; Microcontrolller; Cell-phone.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Remote monitoring is used to exchange information between locations which are far away from each other as it is very difficult for a person to access the information every time by going to a faraway place. When the information is needed from a place which cannot be directly accessed, then this system of remote monitoring can be used. In the field of agriculture, temperature and humidity play a vital role because the growth of the plant is dependent on these parameters such as temperature and humidity. At higher temperature ranges, plants result in higher yields and at lower temperature ranges the growth of the plants slows down which results in lower yields. This system uses the wireless device such as GSM module and several sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, for accessing the
information from a remote area. Thermistor has been used to measure the temperature in the medium.
Figure 1.
Wireless Real Time Remote Monitoring System.
Thermistor has very high sensitivity because of which it is instinctively capable of detecting the changes in the temperature. Air humidity also affects the plants as at low humidity levels the leaves lose more water which results in slowed down growth of a plant. Agricultural lands are usually far away from the residential area. For checking the parameters of the medium, it is very tough for an individual to directly access those places and measure them each time. By using this system these parameters are measured by temperature sensor and humidity sensor and the information is accessed time to time, wirelessly, by GSM module. When the humidity and temperature change in real time then a short text message with the value of temperature and humidity is sent to a predefined number. A user can also get these parameters by making a call to the number which has been inserted in the transmitter GSM module. This system is cost effective, reliable and efficient in real time to automatically detect the parameters and alert the user. II.
MOTIVATION
Environmental parameters are very useful for the growth of a plant and also responsible for retrogression of the plant. Proper irrigation is needed at proper time and favorable climate. 185 deaths caused by 131 avalanches that occurred between January 1, 1996 and June 24, 2013 [13]. Avalanches
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IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India are also caused by climatic changes. 92000 people died due to volcanic eruption in Tambora, Indonesia in 1815. Due to the damage caused by agricultural pests, $290 million of annual loss was recorded by New Jersey farmers in agriculture [10]. These problems could be resolved by using a proper irrigation system which also helps the insecticides reach the crops. An automation system is needed to alert the user. All such different applications of this system could be useful for a person. III.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
Existing solutions deployment was low and key reason was low affordability, higher cost leading to inaccessibility for its end users such as farmer and accident victim in avalanche and volcano. Despite the huge spending by government to improve agriculture productivity, it is still uncertain due to some localized natural problems which may appear time to time. These localized problems require solutions which can be deployed and operated by locals. Older systems are not reliable and/or sensitive in measuring parameters, and have been costly thus failing to penetrate in agriculture workflow. This new system provides necessary functionality with little inputs from its operator, such as a farmer, and provides results with high sensitivity. Low cost is another factor that will make it gets into widespread use. IV.
RELATED WORK
There are several environmental parameters like temperature and humidity and many more. The direct access monitoring for these parameters is a challenging task. In the agricultural area these parameters play a vital role for growth of a plant. From the past several years agricultural technological era has been very popular area of research. Many systems are trying to make this technology automatic. By using sensor network and controller, one can make the system reliable and efficient. A smart monitoring system for patients has been introduced by Kale, A. et.al, which is used to send the immediately SMS to a phone in critical condition of the patient [1]. Priya, B. et.al provides a remote wireless heath monitoring system to monitor the temperature and pulse rate by sensor network [3]. When the sensor senses above the threshold value of the parameters, then a predefined SMS is sent to the mobile phone. A wireless power meter system has been given by Zheng Wenzheng et.al on GSM network [17], which can get the data on demands. Jyh-Cherng Shieh et.al has introduced a field monitoring system based on GSM, which uses a low power microcontroller MSP430 and can operate with the solar power supply [7]. A study report on “Informatization Agricultural Supporting System and Evaluation” is given by Takashi Okayasu et.al which can transfer the information related to the environment [14]. FPGA base monitoring system for agricultural field is given by M. Dinesh et.al, which implemented programmable logic device [8].
V.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
This Real Time Monitoring System has been categorized in two modules which are Transmitter module and Receiver module. In the Receiver Module there is only a cell phone, which can get the data regarding temperature and humidity, when these parameters changes at the transmitter location. The block diagram of the transmitter of Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System consisted of Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module is showing in figure 2.
Figure 2.
Block diagram of Real Time Monitoring System examining Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module
The transmitter module consists of several sensor networks, automatic emergency calling system and the control devices. Sensor network section consists of two types of sensors. For measurement of temperature a thermistor is used and for the humidity measurement HR202 sensor has been used [6]. A. Sensor Section For measurement of the temperature a sensor is needed, which senses the temperature and gives its accurate value. The temperature of a medium can be measured in Celsius and Fahrenheit. There are several sensors which can sense the temperature but among them thermometer is the most perfect sensor [2].
Figure 3.
Temperature Sensor (Thermistor).
Thermistor has numerous applications and advantages. It can sense the temperature from the range -100˚ F to 500˚ F. The sensitivity of it is very high and it is a low cost device. Generally this sensor is made from the semiconductor materials which has negative temperature coefficient [12]. Thermometer has very good relationship under the current mode. The relationship between temperature, forward
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IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India voltage Vf and forward current If is given by the following relation in which forward voltage is greater than the KT/Q. Formula: (1) -23
Where K = Boltzman constant (1.38×10 J/K) T = Absolute temperature (K) IS = Reverse saturation current for the diode q = charge of a electron i.e. 1.6×10-19 C For measurement of the humidity in the medium a HR202 humidity sensor has been used. HR 202 humidity sensor is low power consuming and highly stable device for measurement of humidity. This sensor has excellent linearity, anti-pollution, low cost and can be measured in wide range of applications. For finding the humidity in the medium, a humidity sensor has been used. When change in humidity occurs in the environment, then the humidity can be determined in percentage by the change in the humidity sensitive membrane [16].
another place. Usually GSM module consists of a mobile station (SIM and ME). It is a low cost system for transferring information from one place to another [9]. A GSM module uses a SIM card, from which one can send the information regarding remote monitoring with environmental parameters using a SMS (Short Message Services) or by making a call. When the value of temperature or humidity changes then it sets the flag bit of the microcontroller’s port and the GSM module is activated [4]. As per the AT commands GSM sends an SMS containing the value of the temperature and humidity to a predefined number.
Figure 5.
Figure 4.
Humidity Sensor HR202.
When the sensor detects the moisture in its sensitive membrane then the migration rate increases and the interaction ions get weakened [11]. The humidity of the medium is increases when the resistance is decreases. Humidity of the medium is calculated by the impedance. The relationship between impedance and humidity, structure and material of electrode can be expressed as:
Automatic Emergency Calling System.
C. System Setup The sensors used in this system give the output in analog form. For converting it into digital form an ADC IC has been used, which has been further connected with the microcontroller through a relay circuit. GSM module is also connected with microcontroller through MAX232. When the microcontroller detects the change in measurement of the environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity then it sets the flag bit of the microcontroller’s port which is connected with GSM [5]. A predefined number has been stored in the GSM through programming and AT commands. With the help of GSM module, an SMS is sent to that predefined number containing the changes value of the environmental parameters.
(2) Where m = number of forks n = Number of electron transfer b = Length of a fork f = Faraday constant D = Diffusion coefficient C* = Oxidant concentration B. Automatic Emergency calling system GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is the best technique for automatic emergency calling system. In more than 212 countries and territories, 4.3 billion people are using GSM for mobile communication. It works on AT commands. It provides the communication from one place to
Figure 6.
Circuit diagram of A Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System with Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module.
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IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India VI.
EXPERIMENT RESULTS
This Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System examining Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module has been tested at various locations, on different days and at different times. The result obtained from this system was accurate and took less propagation delay time. This system could be beneficial for agriculture or other fields of remote monitoring. The table I represent the measurement of temperature and humidity at different time and different days for location 1. Delay represents the time taken by the network to get the SMS at receiver containing values of the environmental parameters. TABLE I. Time
Day 1
Day 2
06:00 PM 08:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 PM 06:00 PM 08:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 PM
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR LOCATION 1 Location 1 Temperature Humidity (%) (˚C) Tx Rx Tx Rx 37˚C 37˚C 30% 30% 36˚C 36˚C 31% 31% 34˚C 34˚C 32% 32% 31˚C 31˚C 38% 38% 36˚C 36˚C 29% 29% 35˚C 35˚C 33% 33% 32˚C 32˚C 35% 35% 29˚C 29˚C 41% 41%
Figure 8. Delay (sec) 8 11 13 4 10 15 12 5
At the location 1, a Graph in figure 7, has been plotted between measured temperatures in different times in two distinct days.
Graphical representation of Humidity readings for Day1 & Day2.
Same like the location 1, experimental results has been further recorded for the location 2, which is showing in table II. TABLE II. Time
Day 1
Day 2
06:00 PM 08:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 PM 06:00 PM 08:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 PM
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR LOCATION 2 Location 1 Temperature Humidity (%) (˚C) Tx Rx Tx Rx 38˚C 38˚C 30% 30% 37˚C 37˚C 31% 31% 36˚C 36˚C 33% 33% 32˚C 32˚C 38% 38% 37˚C 37˚C 31% 31% 35˚C 35˚C 32% 32% 34˚C 34˚C 35% 35% 31˚C 31˚C 40% 40%
Delay (sec) 7 10 13 5 8 13 9 4
At the location 2, a Graph has been plotted between measured temperatures in different times in two distinct days (figure 9).
Figure 7.
Graphical representation of Temperature readings for Day1 & Day2.
Figure 8, represent the Graph, which has plotted between measured humidity in different times in two distinct days at location 1. Figure 9.
Graphical representation of Temperature readings for Day1 & Day2.
The plot between measured humidity in different times in two distinct days at location 2 is showing in the figure 9.
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IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India
Figure 13. Snapshot of Message Received From Location 2 Figure 10. Graphical representation of Humidity readings for Day1 & Day2.
And also a snapshot of the transmitter of a Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System consisted of Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module is shown in the figure 11.
VII. FUTURE WORK A Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System consisted of monitoring Environmental Parameters using feasibility of a GSM module which can be very effective in the present technological era. This system which has been designed for measuring the value of temperature and humidity could be upgraded by adding a few new features like soil measurement and a camera. The camera could be used for capturing the video or pictures of the crop to determine their growth and these pictures could be retrieved whenever the user requests for the same using the GPRS Technique. VIII. CONCLUSION
Figure 11. Snapshot Of Transmitter At Location 1
This system can be beneficial to the agricultural industry as it is cost effective and can be accessed remotely. The government can use this system to help farmers with little means to get this system at a subsidized cost. This will help the farmers to implement the system to regulate the environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity which can help the productivity of the plants and crops. Apart from the government, several NGO's can take advantage of this system by spreading awareness among the local farmer community.
Figure (12, 13) is the snapshot of the received message containing the value of temperature and humidity at location 1 and 2 respectively.
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[4] Figure 12. Snapshot of Message Received From Location 1
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IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014), August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India [5]
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