Guest Editorial Cooperative Networking - IEEE Xplore

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2012

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Guest Editorial Cooperative Networking — Challenges and Applications (Part I) Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, Are Hjrungnes, Qian Zhang, P.R. Kumar, and Zhu Han

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OOPERATIVE networking has received significant attention recently as an emerging network design strategy for future wireless networks. In cooperative networking, individual network nodes can cooperate to achieve network goals in a coordinated way, and the cooperation can take place in a cross-layer fashion. Successful cooperative networking can prompt the development of advanced wireless networks to cost-effectively provide multimedia services and applications such as telecommuting, video conferencing, interactive media, real-time Internet games, etc., anytime, anywhere. However, the impact and challenges of cooperative networking on crosslayer design beyond cooperative transmissions are not wellunderstood yet. Some fundamental aspects requiring immediate studies include: theoretical tools to guide the design of cooperative networking systems, effective incentive mechanisms for cooperation, new protocol design for cooperative networking, and compatible deployment of cooperative networking over the existing infrastructure. The goal of this JSAC special issue is to report the cutting-edge research achievements from all aspects of cooperative networks that can significantly improve the overall network performance. In response to the call for papers, we have received a total of 154 high-quality submissions, and 56 papers have been selected for publication after a rigorous review process. These 56 accepted papers are divided into two parts, each part with 28 papers. Part I is published in the current issue, and Part II is scheduled to be published in October, 2012. Part I of the special issue covers three categories. The first category, consisting of 10 papers, focuses on relay selection and routing in the network layer. The first paper “HERA: An Optimal Relay Assignment Scheme for Cooperative Networks” by Yang et al. designs an integrated optimal relay assignment scheme called HERA to improve the channel capacity in wireless networks with selfish and cheating users. The second paper “Joint Flow Routing and Relay Node X. Shen is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. A. Hjrungnes was with UNIK, University Graduate Center, Norway. Q. Zhang is with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. P.R. Kumar is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Z. Han is with Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA. Steven Low is the J-SAC Board Representative for this issue of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120201

Assignment in Cooperative Multi-Hop Networks” by Sharma et al. studies a joint optimization problem of relay node assignment and flow routing, develops a mathematical model, and propose a solution procedure based on the branch-andbound framework augmented with cutting planes. The third paper “Connectivity of Multiple Cooperative Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks” by Ao et al. investigates the connectivity of the cooperative secondary network from a per collation based perspective, in which each secondary networks user may have other secondary networks users acting as relays. The fourth paper “Cooperative Geographic Routing with Radio Coverage Extension for SER-Constrained Wireless Relay Networks” by Syue et al. examines the potential benefit of radio coverage extension from cooperation, based on which a cooperative geographic routing protocol with cross-layer design, namely the Relay-Aware Cooperative Routing protocol, is proposed. The fifth paper “Uncoordinated Cooperative Communications in Highly Dynamic Wireless Networks” by Xiong et al. adopts uncoordinated cooperation strategies to reduce discovery and negotiation overheads and solves the problem of finding the optimal uncoordinated retransmission probability at every location. The sixth paper “CORMAN: A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks” by Wang et al. exploits the opportunistic data transfer in mobile ad hoc networks to tackle the problem of link quality variation, and proposes a protocol called Cooperative Opportunistic Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (CORMAN) to solve the problem. The seventh paper “Correlation-Aware User Selection for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks” by Cacciapuoti presents a solution for the problem of uncorrelated user selection in mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks, with the objective to increase the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing. The eighth paper “Opportunistic Cooperative Networking: To Relay or Not To Relay?” by Gong et al. considers opportunistic cooperative networking (CN) in wireless ad hoc networks, with a focus on characterizing the desired trade-off between the probing cost for establishing cooperative relaying and on higher throughput via opportunistic cooperative networking. The ninth paper “Distributed Best-Relay Selection for Improving TCP Performance over Cognitive Radio Networks: A Cross-Layer Design Approach” by Chen et al. takes a cross-layer approach to jointly consider best relay selection, power allocation, adaptive modulation and coding, and datalink layer frame size to maximize the TCP throughput over

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CR relay networks, while guaranteeing that the primary link is provided with a minimum rate for a certain percentage of time. The tenth paper “Cooperative Strategies in Wireless Relay Networks” by Lu and Liao studies the cooperative strategies of relay stations in wireless relay networks, and demonstrates that via relay station cooperation, the achievable downstream rate of mobile stations can be enhanced. The second category is composed of 9 papers, and deals with coding and power allocation in the physical layer. The eleventh paper “Optimal Power Allocation in Multi-Relay MIMO Cooperative Networks: Theory and Algorithms” by Liu et al. studies the structural properties of the optimal power allocation in MIMO-CN with per-node power constraints, and shows that the optimal power allocations at the source and each relay follow a matching structure in MIMO-CN. The twelfth paper “MAC Centered Cooperation—Synergistic Design of Network Coding, Multi-Packet Reception, and Improved Fairness to Increase Network Throughput” by Cloud et al. designs a cross-layer approach to aid in developing a cooperative solution using multi-packet reception, network coding (NC), and medium access (MAC). The thirteenth paper “Joint Zero-Forcing Based Precoder Design for QoS-Aware Power Allocation in MIMO Cooperative Cellular Network” by Phuyal et al. proposes a novel precoder design method for power allocation between multiple data streams at BS and RS by using joint zero-forcing strategy in order to avoid multiuser interference (MUI) in the signal received by MSs via both the direct and relay links. The fourteenth paper “On the Application of Cooperative Transmission to Secrecy Communications” by Ding et al. concentrates on addressing information theoretic security in an effective physical layer approach, and demonstrates that it can guarantee outage probability approaching zero by introducing cooperative transmission into secrecy communication systems. The fifteenth paper “Spectrum Harvesting and Sharing in Multi-Hop CRNs under Uncertain Spectrum Supply” by Pan et al. proposes a novel architecture for spectrum harvesting and sharing, and investigates the joint routing and frequency scheduling problem in multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs) under uncertain spectrum supply. The sixteenth paper “TopologyAware Modulation and Error-Correction Coding for Cooperative Networks” by Yang et al. proposes a network modulation design and an error-correction coding assisted relay scheme to significantly enhance the network performance. The seventeenth paper “Cooperative MIMO Channel Modeling and Multi-Link Spatial Correlation Properties” by Cheng et al. proposes a novel unified channel model framework for cooperative multiple-input multiple-output wireless channels, and derives a novel geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) in multiple wireless propagation scenarios. The eighteenth paper “A Unified Matching Framework for Multi-Flow Decode-andForward Cooperative Networks” by Bai et al. proposes a unified matching framework, under which five feasible types of multi-flow DF cooperative networks are considered, and the maximum matching method is introduced to achieve the optimal channel allocation and/or relay selection with fairness assurance. The nineteenth paper “Decomposed LT Codes for Cooperative Relay Communications” by Cao and Yang develops a general decomposition technique for the DLT code

construction and a hybrid decomposition algorithm tailored for LT codes with robust Soliton distribution to ensure link layer communication reliability. The third category includes 9 papers studying application performance. The twentieth paper “Throughput and Delay Scaling in Supportive Two-Tier Networks” by Gao et al. considers a wireless network that has two tiers with different priorities and investigates the corresponding throughput and delay scaling laws of the concerned network. The twenty first paper “A Distributed Multi-Service Resource Allocation Algorithm in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Medium” by Ismail and Zhuang studies the radio resource allocation in a heterogeneous wireless access medium, and proposes a novel distributed algorithm to solve the problem. The twenty second paper “Secure Cooperative Data Storage and Query Processing in Unattended Tiered Sensor Networks” by Zhang et al. takes multidimensional range queries as an example to investigate secure cooperative data storage and query processing in unattended tiered sensor network, and presents a suite of novel schemes that can ensure data confidentiality against master nodes and enable the network owner to verify with very high probability the authenticity and completeness of any query result by inspecting the spatial and temporal relationships among the returned data. The twenty third paper “Cooperative Defense against Pollution Attacks in Network Coding Using SpaceMac” by Le and Markopoulou introduces a novel homomorphic MAC scheme called SpaceMac and designs a cooperative scheme that provides complete defense against pollution attacks. The twenty fourth paper “Self-Supported Cooperative Networking for Emergency Services in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks” by Han et al. investigates the potential issues in using cooperative communication to support emergency services, and propose a novel cross-layer design which jointly considers the problems of route selection in network layer, congestion and non-cooperation avoidance among multiple links in MAC layer under cooperative multi-hop wireless environments. The twenty fifth paper “Collaborative Caching in Wireless Video Streaming through Resource Auctions” by Dai et al. explores the benefits of collaborative caching in wireless streaming services, and proposes a collaborative mechanism that maximizes the social welfare in the context of Vickrey-ClarkeGroves (VCG) auctions. The twenty sixth paper “Network Experimentation for Cooperative Localization” by Conti et al. proposes a network experimentation methodology which is particularly suited to characterize and compare various cooperative localization techniques in cooperative wireless networks. The twenty seventh paper “A Cooperative UserSystem Approach for Optimizing Performance in Content Distribution/Delivery Networks” by Nishiyama et al. develops a cooperative server selection scheme to maximize the performance of a Content Distribution/Delivery Network. The twenty eighth paper “Throughput Analysis of Cooperative Mobile Content Distribution in Vehicular Network using Symbol Level Network Coding” by Yan presents a theoretical study of the throughput of mobile content distribution in vehicular ad hoc networks.


Acknowledgment With enormous sadness, Dr. Are Hjrungnes, a guest editor of our editorial team passed away in May 2011 due to a tragic accident. We would like to acknowledge his significant contribution to the editorial work of this special issue. We shall miss him deeply. The Guest Editors would like to thank all the authors who have contributed their time and effort submitting their excellent works in response to the call for paper, regardless of whether their works have been accepted in this Special Issue or not due to space limitations. The Guest Editors would also like to thank all the reviewers for their valuable suggestions to the authors on improving the content and presentation of their papers. The advice and great support from Dr. S. Low, Senior Editor of the special issue, and Dr. M. Steenstrup, Editor-inChief, IEEE Journal on Selected Area in Communications, are highly appreciated.

Xuemin (Sherman) Shen (M’97–SM’02–F’09) received the B.Sc. (1982) degree from Dalian Maritime University (China) and the M.Sc. (1987) and Ph.D. degrees (1990) from Rutgers University, New Jersey (USA), all in electrical engineering. He is a Professor and University Research Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada. Dr. Shens research focuses on resource management in interconnected wireless/wired networks, UWB wireless communications networks, wireless network security, wireless body area networks and vehicular ad hoc and sensor networks. He is a coauthor of three books, and has published more than 400 papers and book chapters in wireless communications and networks, control and filtering. Dr. Shen served as the Technical Program Committee Chair for IEEE VTC10, the Symposia Chair for IEEE ICC10, the Tutorial Chair for IEEE ICC08, the Technical Program Committee Chair for IEEE Globecom07, the General Co-Chair for Chinacom07 and QShine06, the Founding Chair for IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on P2P Communications and Networking. He also served as a Founding Area Editor for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; Editor-in-Chief for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Application; Associate Editor for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY; Computer Networks; and ACM/Wireless Networks, etc., and the Guest Editor for IEEE JSAC, IEEE Wireless Communications, IEEE Communications Magazine, and ACM Mobile Networks and Applications, etc. Dr. Shen received the Excellent Graduate Supervision Award in 2006, and the Outstanding Performance Award in 2004 and 2008 from the University of Waterloo, the Premiers Research Excellence Award (PREA) in 2003 from the Province of Ontario, Canada, and the Distinguished Performance Award in 2002 and 2007 from the Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo. Dr. Shen is a registered Professional Engineer of Ontario, Canada, an IEEE Fellow, an Engineering Institute of Canada Fellow, and a Distinguished Lecturer of IEEE Communications Society.

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Are Hjrungnes (SM) worked as a Professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Oslo, Norway with office located at UNIK - University Graduate Center. He obtained his Sivilingenir (M.Sc.) degree (with honors) in 1995 from the Department of Telecommunications at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, Norway, and his Doktor ingenir (Ph.D.) degree in 2000 from the Signal Processing Group at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. His current main research areas are signal processing, communications, and wireless networks. From August 2000 to December 2000, he worked as a researcher at Tampere University of Technology, in Finland, within the Tampere International Center for Signal Processing. From March 2001 to July 2002, he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, within the Signal Processing Laboratory. From September 2002 to August 2003, he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Helsinki University of Technology in Finland, within the Signal Processing Laboratory. From September 2003 to August 2004, he was working as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oslo in Norway, at the Department of Informatics, within the Digital Signal Processing and Image Analysis Group. Since March 2007, he has been serving as an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. In 2010 and 2011, he was a Guest Editor for IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing and IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, in the special issues on ”Model Order Selection in Signal Processing Systems” and ”Cooperative Networking - Challenges and Applications”. He co-authored the papers winning the best paper awards at IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2007), 7th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2009), and 5th International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2010).

Qian Zhang (M’00–SM’04–F’12) received the BS, MS, and PhD degrees from Wuhan University, China, in 1994, 1996, and 1999, respectively, all in computer science. She joined the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in September 2005 as an Associate Professor. Before that, she was at Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China, from July 1999, where she was the research manager of the Wireless and Networking Group. She has published about 200 refereed papers in international leading journals and key conferences in the areas of wireless/Internet multimedia networking, wireless communications and networking, and overlay networking. She is the inventor of about 30 pending patents. Her current research interests are in the areas of wireless communications, IP networking, multimedia, P2P overlay, and wireless security. She has also participated many activities in the IETF ROHC (Robust Header Compression) WG group for TCP/IP header compression.

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P. R. Kumar (Fellow, IEEE) obtained his B. Tech. degree in Electrical Engineering (Electronics) from I.I.T. Madras in 1973, and the M.S. and D.Sc. degrees in Systems Science and Mathematics from Washington University, St. Louis, in 1975 and 1977, respectively. From 1977-84 he was a faculty member in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. Since 1985 he has been at the University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign, where he is currently Franklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Research Professor in the Coordinated Science Laboratory, Research professor in the Information Trust Institute, and Affiliate Professor of the Department of Computer Science. He has worked on problems in game theory, adaptive control, stochastic systems, simulated annealing, neural networks, machine learning, queueing networks, manufacturing systems, scheduling, wafer fabrication plants and information theory. His current research interests are in wireless networks, sensor networks, and networked embedded control systems. He has received the Donald P. Eckman Award of the American Automatic Control Council, the IEEE Field Award in Control Systems, and the Fred W. Ellersick Prize of the IEEE Communications Society. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering. He has been awarded an honorary doctorate by ETH, Zurich. He was awarded a Guest Chair Professorship at Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is also the Lead Guest Chair Professor of the Group on Wireless Communication and Networking at Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is an Honorary Professor at IIT Hyderabad.

Zhu Han (S’01–M’04–SM’09) received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1997 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. From 2000 to 2002, he was an R&D Engineer of JDSU, Germantown, MD. From 2003 to 2006, he was a Research Associate at the University of Maryland. From 2006 to 2008, he was an Assistant Professor in Boise State University, Boise, ID. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Houston, Houston, TX. From June to August 2006, he was a visiting scholar in Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. From May to August 2007, he was a Visiting Professor in Stanford University, Stanford, CA. From May to August 2008, he was a Visiting Professor in the University of Oslo, Norway and Supelec, Paris, France. In July 2009, he was a Visiting Professor in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests include wireless resource allocation and management, wireless communications and networking, game theory, wireless multimedia, and security. Dr. Han was the MAC Symposium Vice-Chair of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference 2008. He was the Guest Editor for a Special Issue on Fairness of Radio Resource Management Techniques in Wireless Networks in the EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking and for a Special Issue on Game Theory in the EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. He is the coauthor for papers that won the Best Paper Awards in the IEEE International Conference on Communications 2009 and the Seventh International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt09). Dr. Han is the winnder of the 2011 IEEE Communications Society Fred W. Ellersick Prize.