Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 433-435 (2013) pp 2466-2470 Online available since 2013/Oct/15 at www.scientific.net © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.433-435.2466
Information Equivalent of Content for a Physics learning Module Gnitetskaya Tatyana N1, a, Ivanova Elena B.2,b 1
The School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
2
The School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia a
b
e-mail:
[email protected] , e-mail:
[email protected]
Keywords: information limits, informational models of intrasubject and intersubject connections, modular Technology, information overload
Abstract. This paper presents the idea of implementing a quantitative information equivalent for a learning module enabling the teacher to control the volume of contents comprising the module. Filtering, systematization and optimization of such contents can be performed based on information parameters calculation. A brief description of the sense structures and information parameters method, information volume and minimum perception time, is given. A graph on physics module on the topic “Kinematics and Dynamics of a Material Point” and an optimization example of the lecture included into the module are presented. The authors conclude that this approach will allow designing the modern learning process for the engineers-to-be taking into account the information limits. Introduction Currently, one of the priorities in the engineering education is implementing information technologies and engineers training process. On the one hand, it expands the learning process’ potential. On the other hand, the engineers are trained to acquire the skills of performing manual operations by means of vast experimental capabilities. Therefore, the technologies are normally involved as a supplement to traditional methods which results in increasing the learning information volume. Thus, a risk of information overload in students emerges which entails acquiring superficial knowledge. The abovementioned risk is great in the first study years when the students have not yet acquired certain learning skills. Such risk may be avoided by learning to evaluate the learning information volume contained in the learning material. The information volume transferred during teaching shall be evaluated before developing the teaching methods and means, particularly for basic subjects studied in the first courses. E. g., in the case of the module learning widespread today, such evaluation will allow introducing an information equivalent for the learning module’s contents. The modules equivalent in the information terms can be easily put together to build a subject’s dynamic structure. The number of classes necessary for studying the module can be calculated and the academic load and teaching methods reliably planned. Therefore, the task of developing a quantitative evaluation mechanism for the information contained in a learning material measure (module), taking into account the information limits, comes to the fore nowadays when training engineers-to-be. Sense Structure Methodology As exemplified by a physics course studied in modules in the first years of study by the nanoelectronics engineers-to-be, a method for learning module information evaluation based on a quantitative method developed by the authors is presented. The method is based on intrasubject and intersubject connections information models developed with use of graph theory and information theory [1,2]. The method allows evaluation the information volume (U) not only for learning modules but also for any structural components thereof (e.g., lectures, labs, seminars) as well as the chapter’s contents, terms, etc.
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The parameters characterizing the material portion’s informational contents are evaluated by the sense structure methodology which is described in details in [1]. The sense structure methodology’s fundamentals structuring the learning material (module, topic, term comprising the topic), presenting the sense structure as a graph, evaluating the information contained in the said structure and the minimum perception time [3]. The parameter of a physics module’s contents information volume is equal to relative entropy squared characterizing the complexity of the module’s contents structure and configuration of its intrasubject connections. Drawing a module’s contents graph begins from finding all terms (in physics, mathematics, etc.) contained in a certain structural elements. The lowest level includes the concepts previously studied (in the previous chapter, section, as a part of another subject) or introduced in the current chapter; the next level contains the concepts including the ones allocated lower, and so on to the top of the graph where the concept completing the module is located. Module Graph “Kinematics and dynamics of a material point” and Its Optimization Module “Kinematics and dynamics of a material point” whose graph is presented in figure 1 is studied through 10 classes including 3 lectures and 2 labs. The module’s information volume is 16.8 Kbit2. An important advantage of the method, apart from the others, is a possibility of optimizing the module’s learning material contents by internal rearrangements not contradicting with the learning material’s presenting logic. It should be noted that information characteristics do not have the adaptability feature and change drastically when rearranged within the graph. Therefore, the presenting sequence should be chosen from the existing ones so that the volume information value is the smallest.
Pic.1. Graf of the module “Kinematics and dynamics of a material point” Used designations: А1 –neglect deformation in the Earth’s conditions; А2 - a body; В1 - perfectly rigid body; В2 - a body; В3 - neglect deformation in the Earth’s conditions; С1 - neglect dimensions in the Earth’s conditions; С2 - a body; С3 - a body (point) of readout; С4 - a material point; С5 - system of coordinates; С6 - clock; D1 - perfectly rigid body; D2 - a body; D3 - neglect dimensions in the Earth’s conditions; D4 - system of readout; D5 - a radius - vector; Е1 - a body (point) of readout; Е2 - a material point; Е3 - system of coordinates; Е4 - clock; Е5 - position of a material point; Е6 – time; F1 - a model, m; F2 - a horizontal surface (р); F3 - a ruler (L); F4 - a model, m; F5 - a horizontal surface
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(р); F6 - a ruler (L); F7 – a load;F8 - a model, m; F9 - a horizontal surface (р); F10 - a ruler (L); F11-f model, m; F12 - a horizontal surface (р); F13 - a ruler (L); F14 - load; F15 - a model, m; F16 - a horizontal surface (р); F17 - - a ruler (L); F18 - a model, m; F19 - a horizontal surface (р); F20 - a ruler (L); F21 load; F22 - system of readout; F23 - a radius - vector; F24 – Euclid’s geometry; F25 – pseudo Euclid’s geometry; F26 – Rimanov’s geometry; F27 – position change in time; G1 - G6 - displacement m concerning ruler L;G1 - position of a material point; G2 - time; G3 - distance between points; G4 - a trajectory; G5 – rectilinear length of a segment between two points; G6 - a vector; H1, H5, H9, H13, H17, H21, - force of reaction of ruler N; H2, H6, H 10, H14, H18, H22 - force of friction between a model (weight m) and ruler L (f friction); H 3, H 7, H11, H15, H19, H23 - a normal to a ruler; H 4, H 8, H 12, H16, H 20, H 24 a trajectory of movement S of a model (m) on a surface Р; H 25 – Euclid’s geometry; H 26 - pseudo Euclid’s geometry; H 27 – Rimanov’s geometry; H 28 - change of position in due course; H 29 - a way; H 30 - time; H 31 - moving; H 32 - a time derivative; I1, I 3, I 5, I I7, I I9, I I11 I I13 - value tgα=fтр/N=k for experiences 1-6; I2, I4, I6, I8, I10, I12 - a corner α; I13 - a body; I14 - a surface; I15 - force of normal pressure; I16 - coefficient of friction; I17 - distance between points; I18 - a trajectory; I19 - rectilinear length of a segment between two points; I20 - a vector; iI21 - a curvilinear trajectory; I22 - average speed; i 23 - instant speed; i 24 - a derivative on time; I25 - defects, impurity; I26 - dispositions; J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6 - factor of friction k between a model and a ruler’s material; J7 - external force equal Fmax rest; J8 - the maximal force of rest Fmax; J9 - speed of movement; J10 - quality of processing of a surface; J11 - a way; J12 - time; J13 - moving; J14 - average acceleration; J15 - instant acceleration;J16 - a stage of easy sliding; J17 - a stage of fast linear hardening; J18 - a stage of deformation destruction; K1, K3 K5-experimental definition of factor of a sliding friction without loading; K2, K4, K6-- experimental definition of factor of a sliding friction with loading in 200 g; K7 - sliding;K8 - force of friction Fтр; К9 - rectilinear movement; K10 - average speed; K11 - acceleration; K12 - temperature; K13 - pressure; K14 - low temperatures; K15 - sliding; K16 - a plane of sliding; K17 - three stages; L1 - experimental definition of factor of a sliding friction of steel without loading; L2 - a body of readout; L3 - time; L4 distance; L5 - system of coordinates; L6 - uniform movement; L7 - the rapid movement; L8 - forces of intermolecular interaction; L9 - intermolecular interaction; L10 - a nucleus of atom; L11- electrons; L12 - molecules; L13 - electric interaction; L14 - mechanical balance; L15 - forces of elasticity; L16 displacement of molecules; L17 - thermal fluctuations of molecules; L18 - amplitude; L19 macroscopically changes; L20 - elastic pressure; L21 - deformation; L22 - fragility; L23 - viscosity; L24 fluidity; L25 - the mechanism of plastic deformation; M1 - all force; M2 - acceleration; M3 - total interaction of bodies not equally to 0; M4 - total interaction of bodies equally to 0; M5 - system of readout; M6 - a condition of rest; M7 - kinematics of a material point; M8 - the molecular-kinetic theory; M9 - plastic deformation; M10-Elasticity; M11 Plasticity; M12 - durability; N1 - the second law of Newton; N2 - invariancy; N3 - the first law of Newton; N4 - laws of mechanics; N5 - inertial system of readout; N6 - laws of physics; N7 - invariancy; N8 - speed of light; N9 – Puasson’s factor; N10 absolute deformation; N11 - relative lengthening; N12 - initial length; N13 - internal elastic forces; N14 - cross section; N15 - external forces; N16 - cross section; N17 - a limit of elasticity; N18 - a limit of proportionality; N19 - breaking point; N20 - a limit of fluidity; N21 - mechanical properties; O1 - lecture 1 (kinematics of a material point).; O2-υ
