INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Vol. 9. No. 1. 2017
FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCANNING IN ELITE LEVEL TENNIS PLAYERS: TOTAL SCORE, INDIVIDUAL ANALYSIS, AND ASYMMETRIES Mustafa Sahin*, Ozlem Kirandi Istanbul University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul (TURKEY) *Corresponding author:
[email protected] DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2017/9-1/B.9 Received: 25 Sept, 2017 Accepted: 20 Oct, 2017 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to make a detailed evaluation and statement about elite level tennis players’ functional movement screen (FMS) results. The FMS consists of seven test batteries that are widely used by doctors, physiotherapists and sports specialists. The research was conducted with a total of 25 performance tennis players (14 women, 11 men), 14 national team players. The total score, individual scores, and asymmetries were examined in the analysis of the movement, and differences were examined according to gender, past injury status and being national athlete status.SPSS 21.0 packaged program was used for statistical analyses. Mann Whitney U test was applied to the groups by taking the mean and standard deviations of the total score and 7 evaluations of the movement analysis. According to the obtained results; The total FMS scores of the tennis players ranged from 9 to 20 (mean 13.92). The percentage of tennis players who have at least one asymmetry is 88%. The highest asymmetry was found in shoulder mobility (48%) and hurdle step (40%) while the least asymmetry was in the parameter of the rotary stability (16%). When the FMS scores were compared according to the gender, there was a significant difference in favor of men in the pushup parameters (p 0,05). As a result, it can be said that the total FMS score is low in elite young tennis players and there are important problems in terms of right and left side asymmetry prevalence It can be said that this may cause a decrease of technical capacity and increase the risk of athletes’ injury. Key words: Tennis, Human Movement, Prevention of Injury, FMS 1. INTRODUCTION Functional movement scanning (FMS) is a detailed assessment methodology (Cook et al., 2014 a, b) that consists of a series of tests to assess human movement. FMS is also reliable for evaluation of the athletes (Moran et al., 2016). Kiesel et al. (2007) applied FMS for the first time to American football players and practices spread rapidly (Agresta et al., 2014, Bardenett et al., 2015, Li et.. al., 2015, Warren et al., 2015). The test battery in which evaluation of movement, mobilization, and stabilization were also evaluated has been applied in many fields, branches, and countries (Bodden et al., 2013, Loudon et al., 2014, Parenteau et al., 2014, Kazman et al., 2014, Schneiders et al., 2011, Teyhen et al., 2014). Coaches, physiotherapists, sports instructors and health workers have begun to get more and more interested in corrective exercises to increase the mobility of athletes. FMS is a method in which each movement score is assessed within itself, as well as 7 different measurements in which asymmetries and total scores are assessed and corrective exercises can be given according to the results. Mokha et al. (2016). Less than 14 points increase the risk of injury (Chorba, 2010). In the system which is mostly conducted on adults, it is emphasized that the system is also important for young athletes (Marques, 2017). While evaluating physical performance, more sit-ups, push-ups, endurance, sprint, jumping, agility and strength tests are applied more (Meeuwisse and Fowler, 1988). The main goal of the pre-season tests is to reduce the risk factors that may cause injuries, to prevent the repetition of injuries, to improve performance and to improve the quality of life. Studies have shown that performance tests or fitness tests are unclear to meet these goals (Metzl, 2000). The aim of this study is to provide a detailed explanation for the FMS results of elite level performance tennis players. 2. METHODOLOGY The research was conducted with a total of 25 elite performance tennis players (14 girls, 11 boys), 14 national team players. "FMS" kit is used for movement scanning. FMS consists of 7 movement tests and 3 control tests.
54 | PART B. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
ISSN: 2075-4124
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Vol. 9. No. 1. 2017
The Movement Tests Deep Squat Hurdle Step In-line lunge Shoulder mobility Active Straight Leg Raise Trunk Stability Push Up Rotary Stability Control Tests Shoulder Mobility Trunk Stability Push-Up Rotary Stability (Cook and ark. 2014). The athletes were scored between 0-4 and the highest score was recorded after 3 tests. The total score, individual scores, and asymmetries were examined in the movement analysis, and the differences were examined according to the sex, past injury status and being national athlete status. SPSS 21.0 package program was used for statistical analysis. The mean and standard deviations of the total score and 7 evaluations of the movement analysis were taken, the asymmetry percentages were notified and the Mann Whitney U test was applied in comparison to the inter groups. 3. FINDINGS Table 1. The athletes’ Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum, and Maximum Values Parameters
N
Mean
Standard Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Age
25
15,95
3,28
11
20
Height (cm)
25
170,76
13,383
143
195
Weight (kg)
25
58,60
14,180
30
83
BMI (kg/m 2)
25
19,72
2,39
14,67
24,25
Sports Age (yil)
25
8,60
3,894
2
18
Deep Squat (score)
25
1,88
,440
1
3
Hurdle Step score
25
1,64
,569
1
3
In-line lunge score
25
2,12
,666
1
3
Shoulder mobility score
25
2,36
,638
1
3
Active Straight Leg Raise score
25
2,28
,614
1
3
Trunk Stability Push Up score
25
2,00
,764
1
3
Rotary Stability score
25
1,76
,436
1
2
FMS total score
25
13,92
2,29
9
20
In table 1, the athletes’ mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values are presented. The tennis players’ total FMS score mean has been found as 13,92. Table 2. The tennis players’ asymmetry status distribution according to their movement patterns Parameters
Asymmetry Available
Asymmetry N/A
n
Percentage (n)
n
Percentage (n)
Hurdle Step score
10
40
15
60
In-line lunge score
6
24
19
76
Shoulder mobility score
12
48
13
52
Active Straight Leg Raise score
6
24
19
76
Rotary Stability score
4
16
21
84
General
22
88
3
12
In table 2, when the distribution of asymmetry status according to the movement patterns of the tennis players was examined, the parameters with the highest asymmetry were found in Shoulder mobility (48%) and step with hurdle (40%), while the minimum asymmetry was found to be in the parameter of Rotary stability (16%). 88% of the athletes have at least 1 asymmetry.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Vol. 9. No. 1. 2017
Table 3. Movement Analysis’s Comparison According to Gender variable Parameters Squat Hurdle Step In Line Lunge Shoulder Mobility Leg Raise Push Up Rotary Stability FMS Total
Gender
n
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
Man
11
12,18
134,00
Woman
14
13,64
191,00
Man
11
14,91
164,00
Woman
14
11,50
161,00
Man
11
11,77
129,50
Woman
14
13,96
195,50
Man
11
13,09
144,00
Woman
14
12,93
181,00
Man
11
12,95
142,50
Woman
14
13,04
182,50
Man
11
16,27
179,00
Woman
14
10,43
146,00
Man
11
12,59
138,50
Woman
14
13,32
186,50
Man
11
12,86
141,50
Woman
14
13,11
183,50
Mann-Whitney U
Z
p
68,000
-,708
,479
56,000
-1,317
,188
63,500
-,826
,409
76,000
-,061
,951
76,500
-,031
,975
41,000
-2,110
,035
72,500
-,333
,739
75,500
-,084
,933
In table 3, when movement analysis was compared according to gender variable, differences in favor of men were found (p0,05). Table 4. Movement Analysis’s Comparison According to Being National a Team Player Parameters Squat Hurdle Step In Line Lunge Shoulder Mobility Leg Raise Push Up Rotary Stability FMS Total
National team Player Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
n 14 11 14 11 14 11 14 11 14 11 14 11 14 11 14 11
Mean Rank 11,93 14,36 13,21 12,73 11,82 14,50 12,43 13,73 13,04 12,95 13,64 12,18 13,32 12,59 13,07 12,91
Sum of Ranks 167,00 158,00 185,00 140,00 165,50 159,50 174,00 151,00 182,50 142,50 191,00 134,00 186,50 138,50 183,00 142,00
Mann-Whitney U
Z
p
62,000
-1,180
,238
74,000
-,188
,851
60,500
-1,010
,312
69,000
-,488
,625
76,500
-,031
,975
68,000
-,528
,598
72,500
-,333
,739
76,000
-,056
,955
In Table 4, no significant difference was found in any of the parameters when the movement analysis’s comparison was done according to being a national team player (p>0,05). Table 5. Movement Analysis’s Comparison According to Past Injury Status Parameters Squat Hurdle Step In Line Lunge Shoulder Mobility Leg Raise Push Up Rotary Stability FMS Total
Injury
n
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20
12,10 13,23 10,30 13,68 11,80 13,30 13,10 12,98 14,10 12,73 13,00 13,00 11,00 13,50 12,40 13,15
60,50 264,50 51,50 273,50 59,00 266,00 65,50 259,50 70,50 254,50 65,00 260,00 55,00 270,00 62,00 263,00
Mann-Whitney U
Z
p
45,500
-,439
,661
36,500
-1,051
,293
44,000
-,456
,649
49,500
-,038
,970
44,500
-,423
,672
50,000
,000
1,000
40,000
-,918
,359
47,000
-,208
,835
In Table 5, no significant difference was found in any of the parameters when the movement analysis’s comparison was done according to past injury status (p>0,05).
56 | PART B. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
ISSN: 2075-4124
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Vol. 9. No. 1. 2017
4. DISCUSSION In this study, 25 professional tennis players were evaluated by scoring seven different patterns of FMS. When the study findings were examined, the total TMS score of the tennis players was found to be 13.92. When asymmetry status according to the movement patterns of the tennis players were examined, the parameters with the highest asymmetry were found in Shoulder mobility (48%) and step with hurdle (40%), while the minimum asymmetry was found to be in the parameter of Rotary stability (16%). The percentage of tennis players who have at least one asymmetry is 88%. When the FMS scores were compared according to the genders, there was no significant difference in the other parameters (p
