Testing of food contact materials ... Plastics. Specific migration testing: plastics already in contact with food: ⢠Sample ..... (PAO)) in packaging materials and dry.
gray), 75% (light gray) and 90% (black outline) of location points. Note: July data ...... The Black Noddy Anous tenuirostris on Ascension Island, Part 1: General ...
Rave Technologies' testing services are offered as a seamless extension to our customer's in-house IT and business testi
This book offers a succinct theoretical introduction to the basic concepts in
language testing in a way that is easy to understand. In the. Japanese context,
this ...
Apr 26, 2018 - Cumming (2014, p. 13) ... ues are the most likely (Cumming, 2008; Murdoch et al.,. 2008) ...... Scotland: William Collins (Original work published.
1. Software testing. Implementation. Testing Process. Determining the test
methodology. Planning the test. Designing the test. Performing the test. •
Appropriate ...
Android, Flex and Web Based Software and Quality Assurance Testing. My technological for testing is .... EDU. (UBTER). N
Apr 13, 2010 - Post-Migration Testing of Web Applications. Xiaoning Ding1, Hai Huang2, Yaoping Ruan2, Anees Shaikh2, Brian Peterson3, Xiaodong Zhang1.
Testing Network Theory through an Analysis of. Migration from Mexico to the
United States by. Michael Spittel. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the ...
Rosemarie Tracy, University of Mannheim, Germany, E-mail: ... 2017 Rosemarie Tracy, published by De Gruyter. ..... Vainikka, Anne & Martha Young-Scholten.
Jul 12, 2006 - of executing the if statement is much bigger than without restricting the range of .... determined using the classification-tree editor CTE, a graphical editor for the de- ... mission control as well as robotics and avionics con- trol.
All rights reserved. 2. Note to the Instructor. ▫. I used this in an earlier version of
the course, when we worked through the Myers triangle in the first lecture. ▫.
1. Testing Strategy. Suradet Jitprapaikulsarn. Derived from Roger S. Pressman,
Software. Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th Edition,. McGraw-Hill 2005.
temperature generated by a combination of evaporative cooling and radiant heat reflection. .... Different kinds of sensors have been used to monitor these parameters: DHT 11 ... to account for the transformation of the grid of data points plotted in
1. Introduction: What is Agile Testing? Agile testing is a software testing practice that follows the statutes of the ag
trainingâ, such as it was, consisted of how not to tell your patient they were dying of cancer. ..... Ultrasound, comp
the same problems and benefits apply. ... One tester strokes the keys (but the keyboard may pass back and ... Manual load testing is easier with several people.
Software testing is an important technique for assessing the quality of a software
... the two basic techniques of software testing, black-box testing and white-box.
Usually by choosing representatives of classes that are apt to fail often ...
Example: Java class “roots” applies quadratic equation ... Ch 10, slide 8. The
partition ...
Over the years MDT has performed hundreds of torsional testing applications and has developed a toolbox of ... rotation
Testing the average effect of a variable X on an outcome variable Y in a regression ... Keywords: Average effects, average treatment effects, moderator models, ...
multi-sector read operation of a Samsung flash storage platform and compared the .... Note that this ..... l =7 8.8 Ã 105 7.3 Ã 106 3.9 Ã 107 1.5 Ã 108 5.0 Ã 108.
Oct 9, 2015 - life, which is the amount of time a lineage needs to move half the distance to an optimum and is calculated ..... Wonderful Life. New York (NY): ...
It should also have an abstract Factory. Method for creating instances of the class
to be tested. 7. Example abstract test class public abstract TestStatPak extends ...
Page 1. Testing of food contact materials. Viviana Golja, MSc. ... Specific migration testing: plastics already in contact with food: ⢠Sample preparation. ⢠Analysis ...
Testing of food contact materials
Viviana Golja, MSc.
Overview Testing of: – Plastics – Ceramics – Metalls and alloys – Paper & board – Coatings
Conclusion
FCMs: Regulation 1935/2004 ANNEX I: 1. Active and intelligent materials and articles 2. Adhesives 3. Ceramics 4. Cork 5. Rubbers 6. Glass 7. Ion-exchange resins 8. Metals and alloys 9. Paper and board 10. Plastics 11. Printing inks 12. Regenerated cellulose 13. Silicones 14. Textiles 15. Varnishes and coatings 16. Waxes 17. Wood
All FCMs: SAMPLING: • Representative • careful handling and preserving the samples (segregation, protection from light, temperature, moisture,
volatiles, test repetition)
Plastics
Plastics • Plastics REGULATION (EU) NO 10/2011 – Overall migration – Specific migration – Examples – Prevailing approach
• Guidance documents
Plastics General terms • Overall migration (OM): • total of substances that can migrate (gravimetric analyses) • Measure of inertness • Unit: mg/dm2 (except for FCMs for infants and young children)
• Specific migration (SM): • quantity of one specific substance that migrates • Unit: mg/kg
Plastics Restrictions & specifications • • • •
Overall migration limit (OML) Specific migration limit (SML) Total specific migration limit (SML(T) ) Residual content per food contact surface area (QMA) • Concentration in final product • Specification
Plastics Examples: OML is 10 mg/dm2 (before also 60 mg/kg) SML for formaldehyde is 15 mg/kg QMA for vinyltriethoxysilane: 0,05 mg/dm2
Concentration in final product: phthalic acid, benzyl butyl ester – if technical support agent in concentrations up to 0,1 % in the final product Specification: waxes...high viscosity: …Content of mineral hydrocarbons with carbon number less than 25, not more than 5 % (w/w).
Plastics Separate sets of testing conditions for overall migration and specific migration Revised exposure time and temperature parameters for specific migration testing New simulant = Tenax (for dry foods) Screening tests (extraction, calculation, modelling) and verification test (migration testing)
Plastics Specific migration testing: plastics already in contact with food: • Sample preparation • Analysis of migrated substances • Special cases (e.g. phthalates)
Plastics: compliance testing • PIM Annex V – Testing for specific migration of materials and articles already in contact with food – Testing for specific migration of materials and articles not yet in contact with food – Testing for overall migration – Correction factors applied when comparing migration test results with migration limits
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Verification method: Determination of specific migration (SM) mimicking real migration into food • Use of simulants, t, T, S / V and worst case conditions
Sreening methods – for SM testing and OM testing
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food • Contamination before contact? • Sample preparation (instruction for use, DoC?, representative specimen? Only parts intended to come into contact) • Repeated use articles (3 X, substances non detectable and not listed – 1X) • Analysis of migrated substances in simulant • Conventional migration tests
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food contact with all types of foods: A : Ethanol 10 % B: Acetic acid 3 % D2: Vegetable oil
contact with only dry foods: E: Tenax
If intended only for specific types of foods: Table II in Annex III
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Specific conditions for contact times above 30 days at room T and below: • accelerated test at elevated temperature: max. 10 days at 60 °C • t and T conditions based on the following formula. • t2 = t1 * Exp ((-Ea/R) * (1/T1-1/T2)) • Calculator!
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Specific conditions for contact times above 30 days at room T and below: 10 days at 20 °C =all storage times at frozen condition 10 days at 40 °C = all storage times at refrigerated and frozen conditions including heating up to 70 °C for up to 2 hours, or heating up to 100 °C for up to 15 minutes
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Specific conditions for contact times above 30 days at room T and below: 10 days at 50 °C = all storage time at refrigerated and frozen conditions including heating up to 70 °C for up to 2 hours, or heating up to 100 °C for up to 15 minutes and storage times of up to 6 months at room temperature 10 days at 60 °C = long term storage above 6 months at room temperature and below including heating up to 70 °C for up to 2 hours, or heating up to 100 °C for up to 15 minutes.
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food • Specific conditions for contact times above 30 days at room T and below: • storage at room temperature = 10 days at 40 °C if there is scientific evidence that migration of the respective substance in the polymer has reached equilibration under this test condition.
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Specific conditions for combinations of contact times and temperature: - different combinations of contact time and temperature the testing = test conditions which are recognised to be the most severe - if successively subject to a combination of two or more times and temperatures = successively to all the applicable worst foreseeable conditions using the same portion of food simulant.
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food
• Repeated use articles • • 3 X - third test result for compliance • • First test when proof of no increase and compliant • • First test when SML = ND and for non listed substances used behind FB
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Analysis of migrated substances
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food • Residual content per surface area QMA
• For substances unstable in food simulant or food or for which no adequate analytical method available = residual content per 6 dm2
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food SCREENING
• Replacing specific migration by overall migration • (only for non-volatile substannces) • Residual content (calculation of migration potential) • Migration modelling • Food simulant substitutes
Specific migration testing: plastics not yet in contact with food Standardised test conditions: • 7 standard testing conditions • 2 alternative test conditions (high temperature)
Overall migration testing
•worst foreseeable conditions of use in which changes do not take place
Overall migration testing all type of foods all types of food except for acidic foods all aqueous + alcoholic foods + milk products
distilled water or A + B + D2 distilled water or A + D2 D1
all aqueous, acidic and alcoholic foods and milk products
B + D1
all aqueous foods and alcoholic foods up to an alcohol content of 20 %
C
all aqueous + acidic foods + alcoholic foods up to an alcohol content of 20 %
C+B
Overall migration testing
Overall migration testing
Overall migration testing • Substitute test for OM7 with food simulant D2 • If technically not feasible to perform OM7 with food simulant D2 OM 8 or OM9 can be used with a new test sample.
Overall migration testing
Overall migration testing
• Repeated use articles contact – 3 X • Compliance testing= level of the migration found in the third test (if level is not increased and not exceeded in first test)
Overall migration testing SCREENING: More severe than the verification method: • Residual content (Calculation based on the residual content of migratable substances determined in a complete extraction of the material or article) • Use of food simulant substitutes
Overall migration testing • Correction of migration into food simulant D2 • For some food categories migration test result into food simulant D2 shall be divided by written figure before comparing with the migration limit 10 mg/dm2
Methods for OM and SM testing
total immers.
migration cell
article filling
• Specific migration testing – more important then overall migration testing
