Lecture Outline 7 p123.pdf - PEPPsite Home

6 downloads 1859 Views 32KB Size Report
Bradycardia in near-drowning reflects significant hypoxia and myocardial ischemia. • The brain and other vital organs may also have suffered ischemic injury.
Cardiovascular Emergencies

Slide Text

Additional Information repeat once), but atropine would not be expected to improve heart rate or cardiac output in a patient with bradycardia due to hypoxemia. [ET dose is 0.03 mg/kg; flush with 5 mL of saline and follow with five ventilations.]

Slide #11

Slide #12 Key Concepts: Drowning Prevention • Pool drowning prevention: – Close supervision – Four-sided pool fence – Self-locking gate – Pool alarms • Open water drowning prevention: – Supervision of all age groups. – Use of personal floatation devices – Educate teens about dangers of alcohol and water sports. • Risk awareness, as toddler drownings may occur in shallow water.

LECTURES

Key Concepts: Bradycardia with Submersion Event • Bradycardia in near-drowning reflects significant hypoxia and myocardial ischemia. • The brain and other vital organs may also have suffered ischemic injury. • Rapid support of ventilation and oxygenation will reduce the risk of secondary injury. • The drug of choice is oxygen, followed by epinephrine.

• Prolonged submersion results in a global hypoxic–ischemic insult, with potential for multiorgan system failure. • Bradycardia reflects cardiac ischemia and can be considered a prearrest rhythm. The outcome is poor if the patient is asystolic on arrival of EMS. • Immediate oxygenation and ventilation will give the infant the best chance for a good outcome. – Consider atropine if the heart rate does not respond to adequate compressions and epinephrine. – Cardiac pacing is not an effective treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxemia. • Toddler drowning is a predictable and preventable event. – Supervision is an important strategy to prevent submersion injuries, and toddlers should never be left alone near a pool, lake, or even the bathtub. However, relying on caretakers for constant vigilance is not the most effective injury prevention strategy. – Many locales have laws that require fences and self-locking gates around home pools—this takes the “human factor” out of prevention. • Risk factors for adolescent drowning are different and mirror those of young adults. Head injury due to diving and drowning due to intoxication while boating or swimming come into play in this age group. • Awareness of risk is critical—a toddler can drown in a 5-gallon bucket or in the bathtub. Supervision and environmental mitigation can help to prevent these senseless deaths. SECTION 3: Lectures

123