microphone array network for ubiquitous sound acquisition - CS28

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[4] Harvey F. Silverman, William R. Patterson III, James L. Flanagan, “The Huge Microphone Array”, IEEE Concurrency. Volume 6, Issue 4, pp.36-46, Oct.-Dec.
 

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