Sneha Samvedhanam - Marthoman TV

kvt\l kwth-Z\w

^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icnßmń¬ MA (aebmfw), M.Th (IΩyqWnt°j≥), M.Phil (kmaqlnI imkv { Xw). a{Zmkv {InkvXy≥ tImfPn¬\n∂pw tP¿Wenkw. aebmf at\mcabn¬ ]{X{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w. almflmKm‘n k¿∆Iemimebn¬ ""C¥y≥ am[yaßfnse kmwkvImcnI A[oiXzw'' F∂ hnjbØn¬ Ph.D KthjWw ]q¿Ønbm°n. tIm´bw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv sshZnI skan\mcnbn¬ 1995 apX¬ "IΩyqWnt°j≥' hn`mKØn¬ A≤ym]I≥. IrXnIƒ: ae¶ck`bpsS bpKinev]n, au\Øns‚ {]Imiw, ]cpae Xncpta\n aebmf kmlnXyØn¬, Fs‚ apJw At\zjn∏n≥, k`bpw kwthZ\hpw, {]kwK]oTØnse kph¿Æ \mhpIƒ, ae-¶-c-bpsS kuay-tX-P- v (FUn.), k`bpw kv{XoIfpw (F-Un.), kvt\l kwth-Z\w. `mcy : AUz. sPbvkn Icnßmń¬. a°ƒ: t_m[njv, t_m[nj. hnemkw: Icnßmń¬, ]¥fw, 689501 [email protected]

kvt\l kwth-Z\w

^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icn-ßm-ń¬

t_m[n [email protected]

]¥fw 689 501 hne. ` 65.00

(Malayalam)

Sneha Samvedanam (Patristic Studies) Author Fr. John Thomas Karingattil

© Reserved by Bodhi Books Pandalam 689 501 First impression: 9 December 2010 Design: [email protected] Cover : Greeshma Designs, Kottayam Cover Photo : Babu's Panachamoodu, Mavelikara Printed at : Penta Offset, Kottayam. Published by Bodhi Books, Mangaram, Pandalam P.O. 689 501 Price: 65.00

D≈-S°w Bio¿hmZw hmMvapJw Pohn-X-tcJ

˛ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ˛ ^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icn-ßm-ń¬ ˛ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

Zfw ˛ H∂v 1. PohnXw Fs∂ F¥p ]Tn∏n®p

15

2. kvt\l-Iq-Sm-cØ - nse {]hm-NI - ≥

18

3. Aio-Xnbnse h¿Ø-am-\ß - ƒ

26

4. {]kw-KØ - nse kvt\l-]¿∆w

32

5. {]m¿∞-\b - psS aq∂mw IÆv

40

6. {]hmNI Km\ßfneqsS......

45

7. k`bpw kv{XoIfpw

50

8. ]¶nSo¬ IpńIfneqsS

56

9. tkmjyen-khpw kvt\l-Øns‚ BtKm-fX - bpw

60

10. Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bn¬...

67

Zfw ˛c≠v 11.a\p-jy-Z¿i\w

71

12. kmº-ØnI amµy-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ

81

13. {]m¿∞\bpsS {]Imiw

89

14. am¿ HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS cN-\I - ƒ 94

6

kv t\l kv kwthZ\w k`bpw {XoIfpw


Bio¿hmZw tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

ssZ

h-Øn\v alXzw D≠m-I-s´. Fs‚ hm’-ey-a-I≥ Icn-ßmń¬ tPm¨ tXmakv A®≥ _e-lo-\\pw ]m]n-bpamb Fs∂- ° p- d n®v Fgp- X nb {KŸ- a mWv "kv t \lkwthZ\w'. Rm≥ ad∂ At\-I -Im-cy-ßƒ CXn¬ Fs∂-°p-dn®v hni-Zn-Ic - n-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ Fs‚ \∑-Iƒ am{X-a√ - msX ]m]-ßf - psS Imcy-ßƒ H∂pw CXn¬ ]d-bp-∂n-√. ssZhw F\n°v X∂ Bi-bß - f - mWv CXn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂X - v. AXn\m¬ alXzw F√mw ssZh-Øn-\mWv sImSp-t°-≠X - .v Fs∂°p-dn®v Fgp-Xp-∂Xv F√mw ssZh-\m-a- a-lX - z-Øn-\m-IW - w. Cu ]pkvXIw ssZhw A®-s\-s°m≠v Fgp-Xn-®-Xm-Wv. F\n°v Cßs\ Hcp {KŸw Fgp-Xp-hm≥ km[n-°Øn-√. AXn-\m¬ alXzw I¿Øm-hn-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. "AXv I¿Ømhm-Ip∂p' F∂p ho≠pw ]d-bp-∂p. Cu {KŸw hmbn-°p-∂h¿ ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Fs‚ B{K-lw. Fs∂ kvXpXn-°-cptX F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ImcWw "Ah≥ hf-cWw Rmt\m Ipd-bWw' F∂-XmWv (tbm-l. 3:30) kn≤m-¥] - c - a - mbn Fs‚ Bi-bw. AXv th≠{X PohnX-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - m-bn-ń√ F∂ t_m[yhpw F\n-°p≠v. F\n°v "k`m cXv\w' _lp-aXn k` \¬In-b-t∏mƒ Rm≥ ]c-ky-ambn ]d™p: "Cu _lp-aXn Fs‚ AΩbv°v D≈-Xm-sW-∂v.' ImcWw AΩ-am¿ \nan-Øta a°ƒ Db-cp-Ib - p≈p F∂Xv Hcp BtKm-f- k-Xy-am-W.v almflm-Km-‘n, Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp, F{_lmw en¶¨ XpSßn F√m-h-cp-sSbpw AΩ-am-cmWv Ahsc alm-flm-cm°n-b-Xv. C∂sØ AΩ-am-sc-°p-dn®v F\n°v ZpxJ-ap-≠v. Ah¿ a°sf ssZhn-I-cmbn hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ {i≤ ImWn°p-∂n-√. C∂v F√m-bn-Shpw Iym]n-‰-en-k-Øns‚ at\m-`m-

7

8


h-amWv. CXv kzm¿∞-Xbpw kpJ-tem-ep-]-Xbpw hf¿Øp∂-Xn-s‚-Xm-Wv. Iym]n-‰-enkw h∂v IpSpw_w \in-∏n-®p. hy‡n _‘-ßfpw XI¿Øp. AXn-\m¬ Iym]n-‰-enkw NmI-Ww. hy‡n-{]-`mhw amd-Ww. kmtlm-Zcyw hf-c-Ww. BtKmf kmtlm-Zcyw i‡n-s∏-SW - w. C∂sØ temIw kzm¿∞- a m- W v . aXw kzm¿∞w, cmjv{Sobw kzm¿∞w, F√mw kzm¿∞-am-Wv. Rm\pw `mcybpw a°fpw F∂ kao-]\w i‡-am-Wv. Ab¬°mc≥ th≠. ktlm-Z-c≥ th≠. i{Xp-°sf D≠m-°p-∂Xv H∂pw {InkvXob k`-bp-tS-X-√. {InkvXob k`-bpsS ASnÿm\w i{Xp-°sf kvt\ln-°p-I-bm-Wv. F√m-h-tcbpw kvt\ln-°-Ww. F√m-h¿°pw ]¶n-S-Ww. _e-lo-\-\mb Fs‚ ^ntem-k^n apgp-h≥ Hcp hmN-I-Øn¬ ]d™m¬ "ssZhw kvt\l-am-Ip∂p' F∂m-Wv. CXv Fs‚ ]pkvX-IØnepw {]kw-KØ - nepw D≠v. F∂m¬ C∂v temIw kvt\lØn\v FXn-cm-Wv. AXmWv k¶-Sw. kvt\lw B¿°pw th≠. hnizmkw, {]Xym-i, kvt\lw. Ch-bn¬ BZytØ c≠pw hy‡n-]c - a - m-bX - m-W.v kvt\lw BtKm-fa - m-W.v ssZhw kvt\l-am-I-bm¬ \nXy-\m-Wv. ssZh-Øn\v am{Xta \nXyX-bp-≈p. \nXy-\c - I - a - n-√. ssZhw F√m-htcbpw kvt\ln-°p∂p. \nco-iz-c-t\bpw kvt\ln-°p∂p. PmXn aX hyXym-kan-√msX F√m-hcpw ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp temIw hf¿∂p h-cWw. hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ft∂mSv tNmZn®v A`n-{]mb-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ {KŸ-am-WnXv. hfsc `wKnbmbn CXv Bhn-jv°-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-\mbn A≤zm-\n® Icn-ßm-ń¬ A®s\ ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n°p-∂p. _e-lo-\\ - mb F\n°pw th≠nbpw \nßƒ Ghcpw {]m¿∞n-°-Ww. Unkw-_¿ H≥]-Xn\v 93-˛mw hb- n-te°v {]th-in-°p-Ib - m-Wv. "tkmjy-en-kØ - ns‚ ssZh-imkv{Xw' F∂ ]pXnb {KŸw {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°pw. Fs‚ {KŸ-ßf - nepw {]`m-jW - ß - f - n-ep-ap≈ Bi-bß - ƒ Dƒs°m≠v ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Cu {KŸw hmbn-°p∂ F√m-h-tcbpw ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n®v hmb-\° - m¿°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. amth-en-°-c, 30-˛11-˛2010.


9

hmMvapJw kvt\l kwth-Z\w

{]

ikvX thZimkv{X⁄\pw kmaqlnI imkv{X⁄\pamb tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ Hkv X mØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ "aebmfØns‚ kvt\l tXP mWv'. Adp]Xne[nIw {KŸßfnepw BbncØn¬∏cw {]_‘ßfnepambn hnfn®dnbn°p∂Xv "kvt\lØns‚ thZimkv{XamWv'. ssZhw kvt\lamIp∂p F∂ kn≤m¥amWv hniIe\w sNøp∂Xv. apXemfnØhpw IΩyqWnkhpw BtKmfhXv°cWhpw F√mw kzm¿∞Xbn¬ tI{µoIrXamWv. [\Øns‚bpw A[nImcØns‚bpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ Ch h¿§hn`P\w \n¿∆ln°p∂p. CXns\ {]Xntcm[n°phm\mbn "kvt\lØns‚ BtKmfX' hf¿∂p hcWsa∂v At±lw ]Tn∏n°p∂p. PmXn, h¿§, h¿Æ hyXymkßƒ ssZhw krjvSn®X√. AsX√mw a\pjy¿ kzm¿∞Xbm¬ krjvSn®XmWv. hnhn[ aXßsfbpw aXclnXtcbpw H∂n∏n°p∂ kvt\lm[njvTnX kmtlmZcyw tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏menØm kz]v\w ImWp∂p. hnizmkw hyXykvXamsW¶nepw kvt\lØn¬ am\hkaqlw H∂n°Ww F∂XmWv e£yw. kzmX{¥yw, \oXn, kaXzw, ]¶nSo¬, kvt\lw F∂o hnjbßfn¬ hnIkn®XmWv tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncp ta\nbpsS thZimkv{X hniIe\ßƒ. ChbpsS ]p\¿hmb\bmWv anj≥, kmaqlnI \oXn, h¿KclnX kaqlw, {XnXzm[njvTnX ]¶nSo¬, aXmXoX B≤ymflnIX, Ass{XX ssZh imkv{Xw F∂nh. _u≤nIXeßfnse thZimkv{X Z¿i\ßƒ°v a\pjyapJhpw kmaqlnI ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p≈ kw{IaW i‡nbpw ]Icphm≥ At±lØns‚ {]`mjWßƒ°v Ignbp∂p. thZhniIe\ßfpw ImgvN∏mSpIfpw {]`mjWØneqsSbmWv cq]s∏Sp∂Xv. hnhn[ thZnIfn¬ kwhmZßƒ°mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂

10


hnjbamWv kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ Bhnjv°cn°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS thZimkv{XZ¿i\ßfpsS DdhnSw kw`m-j-W-ßfpw {]`mjWßfpamWv. kw`m-j-W-ßƒ sNdnb sNdnb hmNIßfmWv. G‰hpw lrZyambpw BI¿jIambpw Bi-bß - ƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂p. F√m kw`mjWßfnepw ]pXpa \ne\n¿Øm≥ {ian°p∂p. kwth-Z\ - ßfn¬ apgßp∂ Bthihpw kmaqlnI ImgvN∏mSpw {it≤bamWv. kvt\lØns‚bpw tkmjy-en-k-Øn-s‚bpw hnimeamb ImgvN∏mSpIfmWv kvt\l -kw-th-Z-\-Øn¬ {]Xn[z\n°p∂Xv. Hcp \q‰m≠ns‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`h - a - mWv "kvt\l- kw-th-Z\ - 'Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-X.v tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvØmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS PohnXhpw Z¿i\hpw hniZoIcn°p∂ A`napJßfpsS kamlmcamWv "kvt\l kwthZ\w'. hnhn[ Imeßfn¬ \¬Inb A`napJßfpw Z¿i\ ]T\ßfpw CXn¬ Dƒt®¿Øncn°p∂p. CXns‚ t{ImUoIcWØn\pw hniIe\Øn\pw A\paXn \¬In Bio¿hZn®v BapJw Fgp-Xnb hµy Kpcp\mY≥ A`nhµy tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\ntbmSp≈ lrZb]q¿∆amb `‡ymZchpIƒ ka¿∏n°p∂p. "kvt\l kwth-Z\ - '-Øns‚ cq]inev]Ønepw \n¿∆lWØnepw ]¶p tN¿∂ AUz. sPbvkn Icnßmń¬, t]Pv te˛Hu´v sNbvX tIm´bw "{Kojva'bnse ]n. Fkv. {]kmZv, FUn‰nßn¬ klmbn® t_m[njv Icnßmń¬, t^mt´m kvsI®v \evInb Pok¨ XÆntØmSv, t^mt´m-{Km-^¿ _m_qkv ]\-®-aqSv, ap{ZWw \n¿∆ln® tIm´bw s]‚m Hm^vsk‰v F∂nh¿°pw {]tXyIamb \µn. ae¶c k`bn¬ thZimkv{Xw, FIyp-sa-\n-kw, I¨h≥j≥, anj≥ {]h¿Ø\w, BXpc tkh\ ip{iqj F∂nhbv°v ]pØ≥ Znimt_m[w ]I¿∂ ae¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bnse {Im¥Z¿inbmb henb sa{Xmt∏meoØ, k`mcXv\w A`nhµy tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS PohnXhpw Z¿i\hpw kv]¿in®dnbphm≥ lrZb]q¿∆w A£ctemItØ°v "kvt\l kwthZ\w' ka¿∏n°p∂p.

9-˛12˛2010 t_m[n, ]¥fw

^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icn-ßm-ń¬


11

Pohn-X-tcJ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXmØn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ amth-en-°c

sNdp-tIm¬ ap≠p-th-en¬ sshZy≥ sIm®nń sIm®n-ń-bp-sSbpw Cutg°S-hn¬ adn-bmΩ sIm®n-ń-bp-sSbpw c≠m-asØ aI≥. P\\w 1918 Unkw-_¿ 9-˛\v. tPm¿PvPpIpń F∂m-bn-cp∂p Hma-\t- ∏-cv. sNdp- t Im¬ km¬th- j ≥ B¿an kvIqfn¬ Ggmw ¢m v hsc ]Tn-®p. ]Øn®nd sk‚ v tPm¨kv, amth-en-°c _n. F®v F∂n-hn-Sß - f - n¬ sslkvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw imkvXmwtIm´ sk‚ v tPm¨kv dqd¬ t_knIv s{Sbn-\nwKv kvIqfn¬ ‰n. ‰n. kn. (1941˛43) ]m m-bn. CS-bmd-∑pf {ô kvIqfnepw amth-en-°c _n. F®v sslkv°q-fnepw ]Øn®nd sk‚ vtPm¨kv kvIqfnepw A≤ym-]I - ≥. amth-en-°cbn¬ Hcp hmSI sIń-SØ - n¬ 1953˛¬ "kphn-ti-jm-ebw' Bcw-`n-®p. P_¬∏q¿ teWm¿Uv Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw _n. Unbpw (1943˛47) A-ta-cn-°b - n¬ \yqtP-gvkn-bnse {Uq (Drew) bqWn-th-gvkn‰n-bn¬ \n∂pw ^ntem-k^ - n-bn¬ Fw. Fbpw \yqtbm¿°nse bqWnb≥ Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Fkv. ‰n. Fw. Dw Icÿ-am°n (1948˛51). skdmw-ºq¿ k¿∆-Ie - m-im-eb - n¬ \n∂pw 1993˛¬ tUmIvSt- d‰v t\Sn. {]ikvX thZ-im-kv{X-⁄c - mb t]mƒ Sn√n°v (Paul Tillich 18861965), sdt\mƒUv \o_p¿ (Reinhold Niebuhr1892-1971), tPm¿Pkv ^vtfmtdmhvk° v n (Georges Florovsky 1893-1979), FUvhn≥ eqbnkv (Edwin Lewis 1881-1959) F∂n-h-cpsS apJy in£-W-Øn¬

12


Atacn°-bn¬ thZ-imkv{Xw A`y-kn-®p. 1952 apX¬ tIm´bw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A≤ym-]-I-≥ (1952-˛2008). 1948 BKÃv 8˛\v HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kn¬ \n∂v ]g-bsk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v tImdqtbm ]´hpw tZh-temIw Ac-a\ - b - n¬ h®v ]cnip≤ Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bn¬ \n∂pw 1956 sabv 9˛\v ]q¿Æ-si-Ωm-ip-]´- hpw sabv 10\v sshZnI ]´hpw e`n®p. 1965 Unkw_¿ 28˛\v tIm´bw Fw.-Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \S∂ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm- n-tb-j≥ "sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\-tØ°v' sXcs™-Sp-sØ-¶nepw ÿm\w e`y-am-bn-√. 1974 HIvtSm-_¿ - 2\v \ncWw sk‚ v tacokv hen-b] - ≈ - n-bn¬ \S∂ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm- n-tb-j≥ sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-tØ°v ho≠pw sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. 1975 s^{_p-hcn 15\v i\n-bmgvN ]pØ≥Imhv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈nbn¬ h®v Zm\n-tb¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv dºm≥ ÿm\w \¬In. 1975 s^{_p-hcn 16\v Rmb-dmgvN \ncWw sk‚ v tacokv henb ]≈nbn¬ ]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm, "Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv' F∂ t]cn¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-°n. 1976 G{]n¬ H∂n\v \ncWw `{Zm-k\ - m-[n-]\ - mbn Npa-Xe - t- b-‰p. 2005 Pqsse aq∂n\v `{Zm-k\ `c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw hnc-an-®p. 2008 P\p-hcn 27 \v ]. _t -en-tbmkv ZnZn-tamkv {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mh "k`m-cXv\w' _lp-aXn \¬In BZ-cn®p. tIm´bw Genbm IØo-{U¬, I¬°´ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v, Nß\m-t»cn sk‚ v tXma-kv, Imcm-∏pg am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Nm∏¬, Ipgn-a‰w sk‚ v tPm¿÷v F∂n-hn-Sß - f - n¬ sshZnI ip{iqj \n¿∆ln-®p. kuZn Atd-_y-bn¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpsS tIm¨{Kn-tK-js‚bpw(1975) "acp-`q-an-bnse \ocp-dh' F∂ klm-b\n-[n-bp-sSbpw ÿm]-I≥. AJne temI- k-`m- Iu¨kn¬ s^bvØv B≥Uv HmU¿ IΩoj-\nepw t{]m˛-Hm-dn-bt‚ ût≠-j\ - nepw AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIcfmIu¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®vkv, ss__nƒ skmssk‰n tIcfm HmIvkne-dn, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ss{IkvXh bph-P-\-{]-ÿm-\w, …o_m-Zmk kaq-lw F∂n-hb - psS {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sshZnI skan-\mcn sshkv {]n≥kn-∏epw. AJne temI- k-`m- Iu¨kn-ens‚ hnhn[ ktΩ-f\ - ß - f - n¬ {]_‘-ßƒ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®p. hnhn[ cmPym-¥c - ˛- t- Z-iob ktΩ-f\ - ß - f - n¬ 1952 apX¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®p. kmaq-lnI BXp-c i - p-{iq-jm-cw-Kß - f - n¬ hnhn[ {]ÿm-\ß - ƒ°pw ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw {]mcw-`-an-´p. 1958˛¬ sk‚ v t]mƒkv kphn-tij


13

kwLhpw 1959-˛¬ ]pXp-∏mSn sk‚ v t]mƒkv B{i-ahpw, 1978-˛¬ I\ymkv{Xo aThpw Bcw-`n-®p. amth-en-°c kphn-ti-jm-ebw 1979˛¬, sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚-dmbn Db¿Øn, ae-¶c - k - ` - bn¬ anj≥ ]T\Øn\pw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw ]pXnb Zni-]-I¿∂p. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb anj-\dn k`-bm°n `mcXw apgph≥ kphn-ti-j -{]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp-ImWv apJy-e-£yw. {InkvXob thZ-im-kv{X-Ønepw C¥y≥ ^ntem-k^ - n-bnepw AhKmlw t\Sn. kvt\l-Øn-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - mb {XnXz- th-Zi - m-kv{X-Øns‚ kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-®p. CXv kmaq-lnI \oXn-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-an´ Z¿i-\-am-Wv. {]apJ thZ-imkv{X-⁄\pw Zm¿i-\n-I\pw F∂ \ne-bn¬ FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ cwKØv cmPym-¥c {]i-kX v n- t\-Sn. I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-Kß - f - n¬°qSn At\-Isc anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°pw BXp-c-ip-{iqjm cwKtØ°pw sshZnI ip{iq-jb - n-te°pw BI¿jn--®p. Theology of Classless society, The Sin of Being Rich in a Poor World, Sharing God and a Sharing World, One Religion of Love, Ass{XX thZ-imkv{Xw F∂o {KŸ-ßƒ A¥¿t±-iob {]ikvXn t\Sn. Cw•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-ambn 60 e[nIw {KŸ-ßfpw 1000 ¬∏cw {]_- ‘ - ß fpw Fgp- X n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v . 1979 apX¬ anj≥ t_m¿Uns‚bpw 1984 apX¬ \mjW¬ Atkm- n-tb-j≥ t^m¿ anj≥ ÃUokns‚bpw {]kn-U‚m-Wv. Ct∏mƒ amth-en-°c sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚dn¬ 93˛mw hb- n-epw ]T-\-K-th-j-W-Øn¬ k÷ohw.

14


1

PohnXw Fs∂ F¥p ]Tn∏n®p "Rm

≥ acWsØ `bs∏Sp∂n√. GXp kabØpw FhnsSsh®pamIs´, Rm≥ acn°p∂Xv AXv ssZhØns‚ CjvShpw ]≤XnbpamIp∂p' tUm.KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]d™p. Fs‚ Hm´w XnIbpIbpw anj≥ ]q¿ØoIcn°pIbpw sNøptºmƒ ssZhw kz¥w hońte°v Fs∂ hnfn°pw. tcmKsØ∏‰ntbm acWsØ∏‰ntbm Hcp Bi¶bpw ssZhhnizmkn°v D≠mtI≠ Imcyan√ ˛ At±lw hniZoIcn®p. "PohnXw F¥p ]Tn∏n®p...'? F∂t\zjn®t∏mƒ PohnXØns‚ \mƒhgnIfneqsS tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ Hkv X mØntbmkv bm{Xbmbn. Rm≥ _me\mb tPm¿PpIpńbmbncp∂t∏mƒ lrZbw tbiphn\v kt¥mjtØmsS \¬InbXpsIm≠v bmsXm∂pw `b°p∂n√. 1992 Pq¨ 16\v lrZb ikv{X{Inbbv°v hnt[b\mbt∏mgpw acWsØ `b∂n√. 1992 ¬ lrZbØn¬ A©v tªm°v D≠mbn. C¥ybnse tUmIvS¿am¿ ]cntim[n®n´p ]d™p hfsc kocnbkmWv . H∂v H∂camkw am{Xta Pohn°q. hnZKv [ NnIn¬k°mbn Atacn°bn¬ FØn. AhnsS h®v hnPbIcambn lrZb ikv{X{Inb \SØn. lrZbw ]q¿Æambpw kuJyambn. lrZb ikv{X{Inbbv°p tijap≈ h¿jßƒ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v hfsc Xnc°n´ ImeamWv. thZimkv{X {KŸßfpsS cN\, {]`mjWØns‚ HmUntbm hoUntbm Imk‰pIƒ, ]pXnb anj≥ tI{µ-ßƒ... Cßs\ F{Xtbm cwKßfn¬ {i≤ tI{µoIcn°p∂p. "Pohn®mepw acn®mepw ssZhw am{Xw aXn F\n°v' F∂XmWv {]tXyIamb a{¥w. ]n∂n´ hgnIfnse PohnX ]mTßƒ At±lw kw{Kln°p∂p:


1

15

Ign™ 93 h¿jambn Fs∂ G‰hpa[nIw kzm[o\n® hnjbw hn. {XnXzhpw, {XnXzm[njvTnXamb kvt\lhpw, kmaqly\oXnbpamWv. ssZhw hnizmka√, {]Xymib√, kvt\lamsW∂v ]Tn® BZy Imeßfn¬ kmaqly \oXnbv°v Du∂¬ sImSpØv {]kwKn°pambncp∂p. A°mesØ Fs‚ ]pkvXIßfnse {][m\ hnjbw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv hnizmkØns‚ Bgambncp∂p. F∂m¬ kvt\lØns‚ GIaXw (One Religion of Love) F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ kvt\lamWv {][m\ Bibw. Ct∏mƒ A[nIambn kvt\lsØ°pdn®mWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. kvt\lØn¬ A[njvTnXamb km¿∆euInI kmtlmZcyw hfcWsa∂v Rm≥ ]Tn∏n®p. 2. Rm≥ ]ecptSbpw klmbw sIm≠v ]Tn®bmfmWv. Ggmw ¢m v Ign™v ]Tn°msXbpw \n∂p. BfpIƒ klmbn®XpsIm≠mWv Rm≥ ]Tn®Xv. B klmbamWv Rm≥ Xncn®p \¬Ip∂Xv. anj≥ ssZhnI kvt\lØnt‚XmWv. tbip Fs∂ FSpØp. Fs∂°pdn®v \nßƒ ]dbp∂ F√m alXzhpw I¿Ømhn\p≈XmWv, F\n°p≈X√. ssZhw \sΩ FSpØm¬ ssZhw D]tbmKn®psIm≈pw. Fs‚ t]cn¬ Hcp sk‚ v ÿew t]mepw FgpXnsh®nń√. F√mw k`bpsS t]cnemWv. \mw ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ hnizkvXcmbncp∂m¬ ssZhw ]Ww X∂psIm≈pw. 3. AΩbmWv Fs∂ ssZhkvt\lhpw ]¶pshbv°epw ]Tn∏n®Xv. PohnXØns‚ _me]mTßƒ AΩ ]I¿∂p X∂p. AΩ F\n°v BZyw thZ]pkvXIw X∂p. AXv hmbn°phm≥ ]Tn∏n®p. thZ]pkvXIw Nne `mK-ßƒ F\n°v a\:]mTamWv. sNdp∏Øn¬ ]Tn®XmWv. Fs‚ AΩbpsS F√m t^mt´mbpw thZ]pkvXIw ssIøn¬ ]nSn®p≈XmWv. AΩbpsS Zm\kz`mhw Fs∂ ]¶nSo¬ ]Tn∏n®p. hncp∂pIm¿°v `£Ww \¬Inbn´v AΩ kzbw ]ńWnInS°p∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n´p≠v. ]¶nSoepw (sharing) IcpXepw (caring) AΩbn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn®p. 95˛mw hb n¬ acn® ip≤ lrZb\mb Fs‚ ]nXmhns‚ PohnXhpw Fs∂ BI¿jn®p. 1975 P\p-hcn 31-˛\v Fs‚ AΩ acn®p. 1980 P\p-hcn 11-˛\v Fs‚ ]nXmhpw acn®p. kphntijthesb∏‰n Fs‚ a\ n¬ B{Klw P\n∏n®Xv Fs‚ amXm]nXm°ƒ Bbncp∂p. 4. sshZnI skan\mcnbn¬ ]Tn∏n®n√mbncp∂¶n¬ Rm≥ Hcp ssZhimkv{X⁄≥ BIpIbn√mbncp∂p. ssZhIr]bm¬ skan\mcnbn¬ Ac\q‰m≠ne[nIw ]Tn∏n°phm≥ ssZhw Ir]

16

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


\evIn. Hm¿ØtUmIvkv skan\mcnbmWv Fs∂ Rm≥ B°nbXv. 1965¬ Fs∂ sa{Xm≥ B°nbncps∂¶n¬ Rm≥ ae_mdn¬ t]mtI≠nhcpambncp∂p. 1975emWv sa{Xm\mbXv. AXv `mKyw. AXpsIm≠v Zo¿L\mƒ skan\mcnbn¬ ]Tn∏n°phm≥ Ign™p. ssZhw Xn∑ sNøp∂n√, F√mw \∑bv°msW∂pw ]Tn®p. Bbn-cØ - n¬]cw sshZn-Isc Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n-®p. AXn¬ ap∏-tXmfw sa{Xm-®-∑m-cpap-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ Hcp injy≥ ae-¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-\m-bXv (]. _-tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mh) ImWp-hm-\p≈ `mKyhpw e`n-®p. ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Rm≥ kº∂\mbn P\n® Bf√, kº∂\mbn acn°phm\pw Xmev]cyan√. F\n°v {]iwkn°phm\pw alXzs∏Sphm\pw H∂pan√. F√mw I¿Ømhn\p≈XmWv. Fs∂°pdn®v Fs¥¶nepw {]Io¿Øn®m¬ "AXv I¿ØmhmIp∂p' F∂p am{Xw DØcw (tbml 21:7). {]kwKn°p∂ hnjbßƒ PohnXØn¬ ]q¿Æambn {]mtbmKnIam°phm≥ km[n°p∂n√ F∂ ]cam¿∞w Fs∂ Zp:Jn∏n°p∂p. "AXyp∂X\mb ssZhsØ Rm≥ hnfn®t]£n°p∂p. F\n°pth≠n kIehpw \n¿hln°p∂ ssZhØn¬ Xt∂' (k¶o. 57:2) F∂ Bibw Znhkhpw cmhnse Hm¿°pw. AXv F\n°v {]Xymi \evIp∂p. kaqltØmSv hninjym Zcn{Z∑mtcmSp≈ IS∏mSv Rm≥ sImSpØv Xo¿Ønń√. apXemfnØsØ Ip‰w ]d™v {]kwKn°pIbpw, FgpXpIbpw, sNøp∂ps≠¶nepw HuZmcycmb apXemfnam¿ hfscb[nIw anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf klm-bn-°p-∂p. kzm¿∞ apX-em-fn-am¿°v am\-km-¥cw D≠m-Ip-hm-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ]nimNn¬ \n∂pw In´p∂XmWv kzm¿∞X. ssZhNn¥bn¬\n∂pw e`n°p∂XmWv kvt\lw. hnizmkw, {]Xymi, kvt\lw, Chbn¬ hepXv kvt\lamWv. AXn\m¬ kvt\lØns‚ thZimkv{Xw hf¿∂p hcWsa∂v Nn¥n°p∂p. B{K-ln-°p-∂p. aq∂mw kl{km_vZØn¬ kzm¿∞X h¿≤n®v "kmaqly\oXn' D≠mImXncp∂m¬, k`bpsS `n∂X XpScpw. ]ns∂bpw tImSXnbnte°v t]mtI≠n hcpsa∂v `bs∏Sp∂p. ]cpae ]≈nbnepw a‰pw hogp∂ t\¿®∏Ww Zmcn{Zw am‰phm\pw kphntijw {]Ncn∏n°phm\pw hn\ntbmKn°Ww.


17

11. ssZhw kvt\lamIp∂Xn\m¬ temIØv kvt\lØns‚ \thm∞m\w hcWw. {InkvXphns‚ kvt\lamWv CXns‚ t{]cI i‡n. F√mhtcbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ kvt\lIqSmcw A\nhmcyamsW∂v t_m[ys∏´p. ]ckv]cw ]¶nSp∂, ]ckv]cw kvt\ln°p∂ kmtlmZcyamWv Cu IqSmcØn¬ \ne\n¬t°≠Xv. 12. a\pjy\∑bpw kzmX{¥yhpw kmaqly\oXnbpw kpc£nXmhÿbpw l\n°p∂ imkv{X]pcmKXnbpw \qX\ kmt¶XnIXbpw F√mh¿°pap≈ \oXn]q¿hamb hnIk\w Akm≤yam°pw. kºØv ]¶nSmsX kzcq]n®v shbv°p∂ tImSoizc∑m¿ alm]m]nIfmWv. kºØv ]¶nSmØ F√mhcpw hnVnIfmWv. F√m tImSnizc∑mcpw ]m]nIfmWv. ]ńWn]mhßƒ°pw AhImis∏´ kºØmWv Ah¿ Iqńsh®ncn°p∂Xv. ]¶nSm≥ a\ n√mØ apXemfn Hcn°epw Hcp {Inkv X ym\nb√. apXemfnØØn¬ {InkvXym\n°v ÿm\hpan√. 13. C¥ybn¬ A[nImcw \ne\n¬°p∂Xv apXemfnamcnemWv. c≠v Xcw C¥ybmWp≈Xv. ]ńWn°mcpsS C¥ybpw, apXemfnamcpsS C¥ybpw. Zcn{Z¿°v A[nImcan√. Zcn{Zsc {]Xntcm[n°p∂ \nbahpw hyhÿnXnIfpamWv C¥ybn¬ {]mtbmKnIamIp∂Xv. GXv k¿°m¿ amdnamdn h∂mepw CXmWv ÿnXn. 14. {InkvXym\nIƒ aXauenI hmZnIfmbnØocp∂nt√? "Ah≥ hfcWw, Rmt\m IpdbWw' F∂mWv thZ{]amWw (tbm-l. 3:30). Ct∏mƒ F√mh¿°pw "Rm≥ hfcWw' F∂mWv B{Klw. h¿§ob hnjw a\pjya\ n¬ IpØnshbv°cpXv. {InkvXym \nIƒ kvt\lØn¬ Pohn°Ww. AXmWv Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n®-Xv. 15. "[\-hm-∑msc am\- m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ø-Wta' F∂pw "[\-hm-∑m¿ kzØv ]¶n-S-Wsa' F∂pw h¿j-ß-fmbn {]m¿∞n-®n´pw {]kwKn-®n´pw Bcpw AXv sNøm-™-Xn¬ F\n°v k¶-S-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bnse 40 tImSn-iz-c-∑m¿ kzØns‚ ]IpXn Zcn-{Z¿°v sImSp-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xv F\n°v Bizmkw ]I¿∂p. Cu kao-]\w a‰p tImSo-iz-c-∑mcpw kzoIcn-®m¬ "Zcn-{Z-∑m¿ C√mØ Hcp temIw' D≠m-Ipw. tImSo-iz-c∑m¿ kzØv ]¶n-Sp∂ Hcp hyhÿnXn D≠m-Ip-sa∂v Rm≥ ]Tn∏n-®p. (15 \hw-_¿ 2010)

18


2

kvt\l- Iq-Sm-c-Ønse {]hm-N-I≥ C¥y-bnse Zmcn-{Z-sØ-°p-dn®v 2010 Pqsse 20 se lnµp ]{Xwdnt∏m¿´p sNøp-∂p. "]ńWn cmPy-amb kuØv B{^n-°-sb-°mƒ hf-sc-b-[nIw Zmcn{Zyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂ cmPy-amWv C¥y.' cmPym-¥c \ne-hm-c-ap≈ hnam-\Øm-h-f-ßfpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn hnt£-]n® A©v ]pXnb D]-{K-lßfpw C¥ybv°v A`n-am-\-amsW-¶nepw F´p kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ]ńWn kuØv B{^n-°-tb°mƒ h¿≤n-°p-∂p-sh∂v bp.-F≥-˛s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S-Ønb HmIvkvtÛv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse ]T-\-ßƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. _olm¿, DØ¿{]-tZ-iv, cmP-ÿm≥, shÃv _wKmƒ, Hdo-k, a≤y{]-tZ-iv, OØn-kvJ-Uv, Pm¿JWvUv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse apgp-]-ń-WnIfpsS bmYm¿∞yw C¥y≥ am[y-a-ßƒ ad®p sh®p≈ {]NcWamWv \S-Øp-∂-Xv. \ho\ `mc-X-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞yhpw am[ya Ip{]-N-c-Whpw (Media hype and the new reality of "new" India) F∂ Xe-s°-ńep≈ teJ\w hni-I-e\w sNbvXv "]ń-Wn-am-‰p∂ Hcp temIw D≠m-IWw ]ńWn am‰p∂ `mcXw D≠m-I-Ww, tImSo-iz-c-∑m-cn√mØ Hcp temIw D≠m-IWw' F∂mWv 93-˛mw hb- n-te°v {]thin-°p∂ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ Blzm-\w. C¥y≥ am[y-a-ßƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv G‰hpw A[nIw ]ń-Wn]m-h-ßƒ D≈Xv kuØv Gjy-tb-°mƒ kuØv B{^n-°-bn-emsW-∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ kuØv B{^n-°-tb-°mƒ c≠n-c-ń-bn-e-[nIw ]mh-ßƒ C¥y-bn¬ Xs∂-bp-≠v. IW-°p-Iƒ D≤-cn®v At±lw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp. tImSn-iz-c-∑mcpw Zcn-{Zcpw F∂p≈ c≠v hn`mKw Bh-iy-an-√. ssZhw \¬Inb hn`-h-ßƒ F√m-h¿°pw D≈-Xm-Wv. hn`-h-ßƒ


19

]¶n-Sm≥ a\- n-√mØ F√m tImSo-iz-c-∑mcpw I≈-∑m-cm-Wv. aSn-b∑m-cmb ]mh-s∏-´-hcpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. tImSo-iz-c-∑m-tcbpw aSn-b-∑mtcbpw sIm≠v kaqlw \nd-bp-I-bm-Wv. CXn\v Hcp ]cn-lmcw D≠mt°t≠? {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ A©p an\n‰p am{Xta tUmIvS¿ A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-´p≈p F¶nepw tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ \S-Ønb A≤ym-]I hnZym¿∞n kwK-aØ - n¬ Ac-aW - n-°q-dn-e[ - nIw "kvt\lIq-Sm-cØ - nse {]hm-NI - ≥' kw`m-jWw \S-Øn. A`n-hµy tUm. Kohdp- K okv am¿ Hkv X m- Ø n- t bmkv Xncp- t a- \ n- b psS Z¿i- \ - ß ƒ tNmtZymØc cq]-Øn¬ AtX `mj-bn¬ ChnsS kw{K-ln-°p-∂p. {XnXz-Z¿i\w cq]-s∏-´Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 1948 ¬ Rm≥ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv {XnXz Z¿i-\sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-Iƒ hf¿∂p. A∂v F\n°v ap∏Xp hbkv {]mbw ImWpw. Fs‚ s{]m^-k¿ "AK-Ão-\n-b≥ {XnXz-kn-≤m¥'sØ Ipdn®v Fgp-Xp-hm≥ ]d-™p. AK-Ão\n-b≥ Nn¥-Iƒ sX‰m-sW-∂mWv Fs‚ hnizm-kw. At∂ Fs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ kvt\lØn¬ tI{µo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AK-Ão-\n-b≥ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ kvt\l-Øn\v {]m[m\yw C√. CXv Fs‚ a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ am°n. Rm≥ AXns\ hna¿in-®p. hfsc hn`h ka¿∞-amb _´¿ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ `£-W-amWv skan-\mcn-bn¬ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-≈X - v. ]ecpw Bh-iy-Øn-e[ - nIw hmßn shbvÃv B°p-I-bm-Wv. a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-b-Xn-\m¬ A∂p Rm≥ `£Ww Ign-®n-√. kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-I-fn¬ apgpIn. "tbip-hn\v _´¿ th≠ hm´¿ aXn', F∂v ]d-™n´v `£Ww Ign-°msX sh≈w am{Xw IpSn®v ¢mkn¬ t]mbn. Ata-cn-°-bnse ]T-\-Øn¬ Rm≥ Hcp Trinitarian Bbn. Zo¿L-amb Nn¥-bn¬ AK-Ão-\n-b≥ {XnXz Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS sX‰p-Iƒ F\n°v a\- n-embn. kvt\l-Øns‚ {XnXzw Rm≥ I≠p ]nSn-®p. A∂p apX¬ C∂p htcbpw Fs‚ Z¿i-\-ßƒ {XnXz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS thZ-imkv{X Nn¥m-[m-c-Isf Fßs\ ho£n°p∂p? Fs‚ thZ-imkv{X Nn¥m-[m-c-Iƒ°v A©p Xe-ß-fp-≠v. BZyIm-eØv Rms\mcp auen-I-hmZn (Fundamentalist) Bbn-cp-∂p. ]mÃ-d-∑m-cpsS s^bvØv tlman¬ F√mw t]mbn-´p-≠v. tPm¿PvIpń-bmbn AhnsS tbmK-ß-fn¬ kw_-‘n-®p. A°m-eØv thZ-]pkvXIw ]Tn-°W - s - a∂v AΩ Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®p. thZ-]p-kvXI - h - p-ambn

20


hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ {]kwKw tIƒ°p-hm≥ t]mbn-cp-∂p. thZ-]pkvXIw am{Xta _mey-Im-eØv Rm≥ hmbn-®n-´p-≈p. kn\n-a-Im-Wphmt\m ]¥p-I-fn-°p-hmt\m t]mI-Øn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ka-c-ßƒ°pw t]mbn-cp-∂n-√. AXn\v FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-Im-eØv thZ-]pkvXI - Ø - n\v {]m[m\yw \¬In Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv Fs‚ Pohn-XØ - nse {]Y-aX - e - a - m-Wv. c≠m-asØ Xew thZ-im-kv{X-⁄-\mbn Db-cp∂ Hcp Ime-amWv. Ata-cn-°-bnepw P_¬∏q-cn-ep-ambn Ggp-sIm√w \S-Ønb thZimkv{X ]T\w Cu cwK-tØbv°v AXo-h-io{Lw Fs∂ ]nSn-®pb¿Øn. Fs‚ ]T-\ß - ƒ tI{µo-Ic - n®Xv C¥y≥ ^ntem-k^ - n-bnepw {InkvXob thZ-im-kv{X-Ønepw Bbn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ]n.-F-®v.-Un.°v ]Tn-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-®p. AXn≥{]-Imcw Fs‚ AΩbv°v IØv Ab-®p. C{Xbpw ]TnØw [mcm-f-w aXn. XncnsI h∂p "kphn-ti-j- {]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬' apgp-IW-sa∂v AΩ adp-]Sn Fgp-Xn. DSs\ ]T\w aXn-bm°n \mń-se-Øn. Ata-cn-°b - n¬ \n∂p \mń¬ FØn-bXv I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-KI - \ - mbn-´m-Wv. {]kw-K-ß-fn¬ \ng-en-´p-\n-∂Xv "kmaq-lnI \oXn-'bm-Wv. CXmWv aq∂m-asØ Xew. \mem-asØ Xew Rm≥ "A≤ym-]I - \pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw' F∂ \ne-bn¬ D≈-Xm-Wv. t_m[-\-Ønepw Fgp-Ønepw Rm≥ Db¿ØnbXv "kmaq-ln-I-\oXn' F∂ hnj-b-am-Wv. tIm´-bsØ ]gb skan\m-cn-bn¬ 50 ¬ ]cw h¿jw Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n-®XpsIm≠mWv 60 ¬]cw ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. skan-\m-cn-bnse ]Tn-∏n-°¬ \na-nØamWv ]pkvXI cN\ km[y-am-b-Xv. hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw A≤ym-]Icpw Db¿Ønb hnhn[ tNmZy- ß fpsS hni- Z o- I - c - W - a mWv ]pkvXIØnep-≈Xv. ¢m nse N¿®-I-fn¬ hnZym¿∞n-IfpsS tNmZy-Øns‚ DØ-c-am-Wv ]pkvXIØnep-≈Xv. A©m-asØ XeØn-¬ aXm-Xo-X-amb Z¿i-\-amWp≈-Xv. Fs‚ ]pXnb ]pkvXIw "k¿∆-kw-{Km-ln-bmb Ass{X-X-ssZhw' F∂-Xm-Wv. k¿∆-kw-{Kmln-bmb F∂m¬ ]nimNv HgnsI F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ssZhw F∂mWv. ZpjvS-∑m-cpsS taepw \oXn-am-∑m-cpsS taepw ssZhw ag-s]-øn∏n°pw. \ncoiz-c∑ - m-cmb IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Im-tcbpw ssZh-Øn\v thWw. Aß-bpsS Z¿i\w kw{K-ln®v ]d-bmtam? kmaq-lnI \oXn-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb kvt\l-Øns‚ {XnXz-Z¿i\-amWv Fs‚ Z¿i-\w. kvt\l-Øns‚ Cu Hcp Z¿i\ hni-I-e\w temIØv Hcp thZ-im-kv{X-⁄\pw \¬In-bn-ń-√. {XnXzw kvt\lam-Wv. kvt\lw ]¶n-Sn-em-Wv. "]¶n-Sp∂ ssZhw ]¶n-Sp∂ temIw'


21

F∂-XmWv CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. apX-em-fn-Øw ]nim-Nm-Wv. ambn-Iam-Wv. kzm¿∞-Xb - m-Wv. IΩyq-Wn-khpw kzm¿∞-Xb - m-Wv. IΩyq-Wnk-Øn¬ ssZhw C√. s]mXp-hm-bs - X-bp-≈p. ktlm-Zc - \pw ktlm-Zcnbpw C√. F∂m¬ F√m-hcpw ktlm-Z∑ - mcpw ktlm-Zc - n-Ifpw F∂XmWv {]mY-anI ]mTw. \n¿Ω-\p-jXzw F¥mWv? \nco-iz-cX - z-Øn\v Rm\p-≠m-°nb hm°mWv \n¿Ω-\p-jX - zw. C∂v \nßfpw Rm\pw \n¿Ω-\p-jy-cm-Wv. a\p-jyXzw C√. kvt\lw C√. kzm¿∞-X-bmWv a\p-jy-\n-ep-≈-Xv. CXmWv \n¿Ω-\p-jy-Xzw. arKßƒ Ip™p-ßƒ°v sImSp°pw. C∂sØ a\p-jy¿ `mcybpw `¿Ømhpw am{X-am-bn-Xo-cp-∂p. Cu kzm¿∞-X-bmWv arK-Xzw. arKob-Xbpw ss]im-Nn-I-Xbpw sX‰m-Wv. GZ-\n¬ Bcw-`n-®-XmWv kzm¿∞-X. CXv ss]im-Nn-I-X-bm-Wv. arKo-b-X-bmWv. C∂pw F∂p-w CXv i‡-amWv. {InkvXym-\n°v kzm¿∞X ]mSn-√. "Rms\-∂Xv Ir]-bm-emWv.' tbip ]Tn-∏n® I¿Ør-{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ "Rm≥' F∂ hm°n-√. "Rß-fpsS ]nXmhv' F∂m-W.v Rß-fpsS ]nXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ aXn. kzm¿∞X Ipgn-®n-S-Ww. F\n°v IqSp-X¬ iºfw thWw, kz¿Æw thWw F∂v ssZh-tØmSv tNmZn-°c - p-Xv. C∂sØ B¿`mSw (Luxuary) ss]im-Nn-I-X-bm-Wv. kzm¿∞-Xbp-sS-Xm-Wv. kzm¿∞-e-£y-tØmsS hkv{Xw-ta-Sn-°p-∂Xv sX‰v. kz¿Æw hmßp-∂Xpw sX‰v. B`-cW - s - ImXn {InkvXym-\n°v tN¿∂X-√. AXv PUo-Ihpw arKo-b-hp-am-Wv. arKw Zzn`m-Kn-IXzamWv (dichotomy) ˛ Poh\pw ico-ch - pw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy≥ {Xn`m-Kn-IX - z-amWv (trichotomy) . Poh\pw ico-chpw Bflmhpw D≈Xv a\p-jy-\m-Wv. ssZh-kr-jvSn-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ Fßs\ hyXy-kvX-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p? lnµp-a-X-Øn¬ F√mw Ht∂-bp-≈p. AXmWv AssZz-Xw. Pohmflmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw a\p-jy\v am{X-a√ arK-ßƒ°pw D≠v. i¶c\pw cmam-\p-P\pw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv CXm-W.v CXp sX‰m-W.v {InkvXy≥ Z¿i-\-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v am{Xta ssZhm-flm-hp-≈p. arK-ßƒ°v C√. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv. krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øn¬ izmkw a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xta DuXn-bp-≈p. arK-ßf - n¬ DuXn-bn-√. Bflm-°ƒ a\p-jy¿°p-≈X - m-Wv. ssZhw a\pjy\v \¬Inb kzmX{¥yw F¥mWv? a\pjy\v GIXzamb kØbn√. AXv kmaqlnIambp≈XmWv. a\pjy\v \¬Inbncn°p∂ ssZh- k z- c q]w (Image of God)

22


ssZhtØmSv No ]dbphm≥ Ignbp∂XmWv. ssZhw a\pjy lrZbØn¬ FØWsa¶n¬ lrZbw Xpd°Ww. AXn\p≈ Xmt°m¬ ]pdØ√, AIØmWv. hmXn¬ Xpd°Ww (shfn. 3:20). a\pjy≥ ssZhsØ hnfn°Ww. \o hmXn¬ Xpd∂m¬ Rm≥ AIØphcmw. Xpd∂ns√¶n¬ AItØ°n√. a\pjy\v \¬Inb kzmX{¥yamWv "ssZhØns‚ Bfl]cnXymKw' (Self emptying) F∂Xv. ssZhnI\mIm\pw \ncoizc\mIm\pw ssZhw a\pjy\v kzmX¥yw \¬Inbn´p≠v. ssZhØns‚ kzcq]Øn¬ kvt\lw, kzmX{¥yw, hnip≤n F∂o aq∂pImcyßfp≠v. a\pjy\v hnip≤n \jvSs∏´p t]mIcpXv. ]m]nbmbn t]mIpw. kzmX{¥yw a\pjy\v Ds≠¶nte ssZhsØ A\pkcn°pIbp≈q. "a\pjy≥ ssZhw C√m' F∂p ]d™m¬ aqVXzamWv. F∂m¬ Aßs\ ]dbphm\p≈ kzmX¥yhpw ssZhw \¬Inbn´p≠v. ssZhsØ Bcm[n°p∂Xv a\pjys‚ DØchmZnXzamWv. AXv thZimkv{XamWv. a\pjy≥ F∂Xv krjvSnbpsS aIpSamWv. aIpSamb a\pjy≥ DØchmZnXzw \n¿hln°msX hcptºmgmWv F√m {]Xnk‘nIfpw kaqlØn¬ kwPmXamIp∂Xv. Bcm[\bp≠mIptºmƒ {]Xnk‘nIƒ Ipdbpw. kam[m\w D≠mIpw. CXv ssZhw \¬Ip∂XmWv. a\ ns‚ im¥nbpw CXn¬s∏´XmWv. a\pjyXzw kmaqlnIamWv. kzmX{¥yhpw kam[m\hpw ssZhkmZriyhpw kmaqlnIamWv. F∂m¬ CXv ew_hpw Xnc›o\hpw BbnØocptºmƒ a\pjyXzw ka{Kambn Xocp∂p. a\pjyXzw kmaqlnIamIptºmƒ ssZhnIX hfcp∂p. arKobX \jvSs∏Spw. arKobX a\pjy\n¬ i‡ns∏Sptºmƒ kmaqlnIXbpw ssZhnIXbpw hnkvacn°s∏Spw. CXv apXemfnØ a\xÿnXnbnte°p≈ hf¿®bmbncn°pw êw. a\pjy\pw {]IrXnbpw Fßs\ _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p? {]IrXn \nXya√. a\pjy≥ \nXyamWv. ssZhw BZy¥hnlo\\mWv. (Man is everlasting, but devil is not everlasting). a\pjy\nep≈ ssZhØns‚ BflmhmWv \nXyXbv°v \nZm\w. a\pjy\n¬ ssZhw Pohizmkw DuXn. CXmWv ssZhmflmhv . CXp arKßƒ°v e`yambn√. BflobX a\pjy\v am{Xtabp≈q. {]IrXn F∂Xv sXmń¬ (cradle) BWv. {]IrXnbn√msX Pohn°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√. a\pjy≥ D≈nStØmfw Imew {]IrXn BhiyamWv. {]IrXn Ds≠¶nte Pohn°phm≥ km[n°pIbp≈q.


23

{]IrXn a\pjy\v BhiyamWv. F∂m¬ {]IrXn ssZha√. ssZhkrjvSnbmWv. krjvSnbn¬ ssZh kmZriyap≈Xv a\pjy≥ am{Xw. Dev]Øn 1:28 ¬ a\pjy\v {]IrXnsb AS°n `cn°mw F∂mWv. F∂m¬ Dev ] Øn 2:15 ¬ "{]IrXnsb kq£n°pI' F∂ NpaXebmWv \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv. {]IrXnbpsS DSaÿmhImiw ssZhØn\v am{Xw. Dev]Øn 1:28 apXemfnØ hyhÿnXnbpsS ]›mØeØn¬ hymJym\n®t∏mƒ "AS°n `cn°pI' F∂m°n. CXv sX‰mWv. ssZhØns‚ DSaÿmhImiw a\pjy\v sImSpØnń√. ImcyhnNmcI\mbncp∂m¬ aXn. ImcyhnNmcIXzw \oXn]q¿∆w \n¿∆ln®m¬ a\pjy\v {]IrXnsb \in∏n°phm≥ Ignbp-Ib - n-√. ssZhØns‚ DSaÿXbnep≈ Cu {]IrXnbn¬ DØa ImcyhnNmcI\mbnØocpI F∂ DØchmZnXzamWv a\pjy\p≈Xv. tXm´w Im°pIbpw the sNøpIbpamWv a\pjys‚ DØchmZnXzw. {]IrXnsb kq£n°p∂Xn\p ]Icw a\pjy≥ \in∏n°pIbmWv. {]IrXnsb \in∏n°p∂ a\pjy≥ \in°s∏Spw. {]IrXnsb XI¿°p∂ a\pjys\ ssZhw in£n°pw. a\pjys\°pdn®p≈ k¶ev]w F¥mWv? lnµp thZimkv{XØn¬ a\pjy≥ ]c{_“Øn¬ ebn°pw F∂mWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. Fs‚ thZimkv{XØn¬ a\pjy≥ ]c{_“Øn¬ ebn°pIbn√. BXy¥nIambn ssZha\pjy Iq´mbvabmWp≠mIp∂Xv. a\pjy\v Bcw`w Ds≠¶nepw Ahkm\an√. ssZhØn\v Bcw`hpw Ahkm\hpan√. ]nimNn\v Bcw`w D≠mbncp∂p. c≠mw acWØn¬ ]nimNns‚ \nXyX \jvSambn. (shfn 21:8) \nXy \cIw F∂Xv XmXznIambn sX‰mWv. ImcWw ssZhamWv \nXy≥ (Eternal). Fs‚ thZimkv{Xw XXzimkv{X]camWv (Philosophical). CXv C¥y≥ XXzimkv{XtØmSv tN¿∂p≈XmWv. a\pjy\n¬ kzbtah Hcp apXemfnXzw hf¿∂p hcp∂nt√? AtX a\pjy\nse ]m]w sIm≠mWnXv hf¿∂p hcp∂Xv . CXv kzm¿∞XbmWv. BZy]m]w F∂Xv kzm¿∞XbmWv. BZy ]m]w F∂Xv ssewKoIXb√. kzm¿∞XbmWv. GZ≥ tXm´Øn¬ CXmcw`n®p. hr£êw ]dn®v lu∆ BZman\p \¬Ip∂p. Cu kzm¿∞X arKobamWv. a\pjy¿ kzm¿∞X Ahkm\n∏n°Ww.

24


a\pjy≥ \nXy\mtWm? AssZzXØn¬ c≠n√. F√mw H∂mWv. a\pjy\v am{XamWv Pohmflmhpw ]camflmhpw D≈Xv. arKßƒ°v icochpw Poh\ptabp≈q. Bflmhn√. acWtØmsS Ahkm\n°pw. krjvSnI¿ΩØn¬ ssZhw a\pjyt\ am{Xta DuXnbp≈q. B DuXnbXmWv Bflmhv. a\pjy\p am{Xta Bflmhp≈q. AXv \nXyXbmWv. ]nimNv CcpfmWv. CXv t\ctØ D≠mbncp∂p. ]nimNv c≠mw acWØn¬ Ahkm\n°pw. ]nimNn\v Bflmhn√. ]nimNn\v Ahkm\w D≠v. arKßƒ°pw Ahkm\w D≠v. F∂m¬ a\pjy\v Ahkm\w C√. ssZhw am{XamWv \nXy≥. ssZhØn\v Bcw`hpw Ahkm\hpw C√. \nXy \cIw Ds≠∂p]dbptºmƒ ssZhØns‚ \nXyXt]mbn F∂mWv. c≠v \nXyXbv°v H∂n®v \ne\n¬°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√. ssZhw am{Xw \nXy≥. B¬^bpw HtaKmbpw. A\mZn¥yhnlo\≥. AXv ssZhw am{Xw. ]nimNn\v \nXyXbn√. \nXy \cIhpan√. \nXy \cIsa∂Xv Abp‡n]camWv. {XnXzw F∂Xv ]¶nSp∂XmWv. kvt\lØn¬ A[njvTnXamWv. kvt\lw \nXyXbmWv. \nXy\mb ]nXmhv, \nXy\mb ]p{X≥, \nXy\mb ]cnip≤mflmhv F∂¿∞w. _lpXzsØbpw GIXzsØbpw H∂n∏n°p∂Xv kvt\lamWv. GIXzØn¬ ]¶nSo¬ C√. ZznXzØn¬ ]¶nSo¬ Ds≠¶nepw A]q¿ÆamWv. {XnXzØn¬ ]¶nSo¬ ]q¿ÆamWv. hmßmw, \¬Imw, sImSp°mw. AXv ssZhØns‚ D◊bmWv. anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Fßs\? s{]m´-Ã‚ v Z¿i-\-Ønse sImsfm-Wn-b¬ anj≥ th≠. Fs‚ Z¿i-\-Ønse anj≥ kvt\l-Øn-s‚-Xm-Wv. kvt\l-Øns‚ anj≥ hf-cW - w. At∏m-kvtXm-e≥ anj-\d - n-bm-Wv. Ab-bv°s - ∏-Sp-∂h - \ - m-Wv. F∂m¬ ae-¶c k`-bnse `c-WL - S- \ - b - n¬ anj≥ Fs∂mcp hm°n√. F√m k`-I-fp-sSbpw `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ "anj≥' F∂ hm°p-≠v. Bibw D≠v. aXw am‰p-∂-X√ anj≥. a\w am‰p-∂-XmW.v Rm≥ {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-´-√. {InkvXym-\n-bm-Ip-tºmƒ tbip-hn-s\-t∏m-se-bm-I-Ww. tbip-hns‚ A\p-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. anj≥ kvt\l-am-Wv. ]¶n-So-emWv. Abbv°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - m-Wv. hn`-Pn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - m-Wv. Pohn-X-Ønse lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb kw`hw F¥mWv? Fs‚ Pohn-XØ - nse G‰hpw lrZ-bk - v]¿in-bmb kw`hw Fs‚ ]cm-Pb - a - √ - msX H∂p-a√ - . ssZh-Ir-]b - m¬ F√m°mcy-ßf - nepw ssZhw


25

hnPbw Xcp-∂p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn-embn 360 G°¿ hkvXp Rm≥ hmßn, ]. _mhm-bpsS t]cn¬ sImSp-Øp. Fs‚ t]cn¬ H∂pw hmßn-bn-ń-√. kphn-ti-jm-ebw 600 cq]m sNe-hm-°nbmWv Zm\-bm-[mcw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. AXp-t]mepw k` X∂n-√. AXpw Fs‚ t]cn-e√. F√mw k`-bpsS t]cn-em-Wv. ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]m ]. _mh-X∂ - X - √ - msX k` H∂pw anj-\mbn X∂n-ń-√. P\-ßƒ Xcpw. CubnsS Hcmƒ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ 26 e£w cq]m sIm≠p X∂p. Abm-fpsS hkvXp-hn-‰Xv 260 e£w cq]-bv°m-Wv. Ct∏mƒ ]Ww F\n°v P\-ßƒ hmcn-s°m≠p Xcn-I-bm-Wv. ]Ww Hcp {]iv\ta A√. ]mh-ßƒ°v th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ P\w hmcn-t°m-cn-Øcpw. CXp-hsc Hcp anj≥ {]ÿm-\Ø - n\pw _m¶n¬ \n∂v ISw FSpt°≠n h∂n-ń-√. ISw hc-Øp-an-√. kvt\lw ]¶n-Sp-tºmƒ ]Ww h∂p sIm≈pw. anj\v ]Ww In´pw. I am not able; you are not able; but God is able. ssZhw X∂p sIm≈pw, Ip™p-ß-sf... ]pXnb ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ {]tabw F¥mWv? Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ "k¿∆ kw{Km-ln-bmb Ass{XX ssZhw' F∂ Bibw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-∂p. F√m-hc - p-sSbpw ssZhsØ-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-jW - a - m-W.v hnizm-kn-bp-sSbpw \nco-iz-cs - ‚bpw ssZhw. \oXn-am-s‚bpw ZpjvSs - ‚bpw ssZhw. k¿∆ a\p-jycpw c£s∏Spw F∂m-Wv, ]pXnb ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ {]tabw. "tkmjy-en-kØns‚ ssZh-imkv{Xw' F∂ t]cn¬ CXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pw. (20 Pqsse 2010)

26


3

Aio-Xnbnse h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ "ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` Hcp anj\dn k`-bm-I-Ww. `mcXw apgp-h≥ kphn-ti-jo-I-c-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-S-Ww. k` anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬I-Ww.' ae-¶c-k-`-bn¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v hnhn[ I¿Ω ]≤Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jv°-cn® tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-enØ Hmtcm h¿jhpw hnhn[ßfmb anj≥ ZuXy-ßfmWv Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. P_¬∏q-cnse seWm¿Uv Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ thZ-im-kv{X -hn-Zym¿∞n Bbn-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv (1943-˛47) `mc-X-an-j≥ Z¿i\w cq]-s∏-´-Xv. "Fs‚ thZ-im-kv{X- hn-iI - e\-ßfpw hnhn[ßfmb k`m ip{iqj-Ifpw F√mw anj≥ Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw cq]-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. anj≥ ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ k¿∆-k-∂-≤-amb Hcp hn`mKw {]h¿ØI¿ D≠m-I-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ `mcXw apgp-h≥ hym]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bq'˛ am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv ]d-™p. tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]n∂n´ PohnXsØ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p: I¿Ω-\n-c-X-amb Pohn-X-Øn\p ]n∂nse Z¿i-\-sa-¥m-Wv. Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZhw F\n°p sNbvX klm-b-ßƒ hfsc-bm-Wv. Ah kaq-l-Øn\v Xncn®p sImSp-°-W-sa∂ IS-∏m-Sp≠v. Rm≥ BIp-∂Xv Ir]-bmepw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS klm-b-Øm-ep-amWv. AXn-\m¬ kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpw hf-sc-bm-Wv. C°mcyw H∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam Cutg-°S- hv tPm¿PvIp-ń-sb∂v AΩ-bpsS ho´p-t]¿ tN¿ØmWv BZyw Adn-bs - ∏-´X - v. kmº-Øn-Ia - mbn hfsc t¢i-ßƒ A\p-`h - n® _mey-Imew Hm¿Ω-bn¬ D≠v.


27

Ggmw ¢mkv ]mkm-bn´pw Hcp h¿jw ]TnØw \n¿Øn. kmºØn-I-ambn _p≤nap-ń-b-t∏mƒ AΩ ]d-™p. "tams\ {]m¿∞n°v, ssZhw hgn Hcp°pw.' B ImeØv Rm≥ kphn-tij {]kw-K-Øn\v hfsc ipjvIm¥n ImWn-®p. ]e ÿe-ßf - nepw {]kw-Kn-®p. "Rm≥ {]hm-N-I-\√; {]hm-NI injy-\p-a√; CS-b\pw Im´-Øn-∏gw s]dp°p-∂-h\p-a-s{X. btlmh Fs∂ ]nSn®p' (B-tamkv 7:14) F∂-Xmbn-cp∂p {]kw-Kh - n-jb - w. {]kwKw tIƒ°p-hm≥ A\-h[ - n-t]¿ hcpam-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-cp-sSbpw klm-b-Øm¬ F\n°p XpS¿∂p ]Tn-°phm≥ Ign™p. ssZh-Ir-]bpw a‰p-≈h - c - psS klm-bh - p-amWv Fs∂ \bn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv hfsc sNdp∏w apX¬ Fs∂ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ kaq-lt- ØmSv hfsc DØ-ch - m-Zn-Xz-ap-≠v. ssZh-imkv{X Nn¥sb kzm[o-\n-®-Xm-sc√mw hnizmk {]t_m-[\ ssZh-im-kv{X-amWv BZyw Fs∂ kzm[o\n-®-Xv. hn. {XnXz-hp-ambn _‘n®v kaq-lsØ A]-{K-Yn-°p∂ ssZh-imkv{X kao-]\w thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´XmWv. BZn-ak`bpsS ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Ifpw Z¿i-\hpw B kao-]-\-Øn\v IcpØp \¬In. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ {]ikvX ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cmb sdbvt\mƒUv \n_q¿, t]mƒSn-√n-°v, tPm¿÷v ^vtfmtdmkv°n F∂n-h¿ ]Tn∏n-®p. kmaq-ly-imkv{X ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ssZh-im-kv{XsØ _‘n-∏n-°p-hm≥ th≠ {]tbm-P\w Ch-cn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®p. Fs‚ ]pkvXI - ß - f - n¬ \n∂pw 1000-˛¬ A[n-Ia - p≈ Kth-jW {]_-‘ß - fn¬ \n∂pw ssZh-imkv{X Nn¥-bpsS hnIm-khpw hf¿®bpw Is≠Ømw. BZy-Ime cN-\-I-fn¬ Imƒ _mØn-s‚ kzm[o\w D≠v. ssZh-imkv{XNn-¥-Iƒ ]cp-h-s∏-Sp-Ønb apJy-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ GsX-√m-am-Wv. Fs‚ ssZh-imkv{Xw {]Xn-^-en-°p∂ apJy-{KŸ-ßƒ: h¿§-clnX kaqlw (1979), Zcn{Z temIØv [\n-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv ]m]w (1983), ]¶n-Sp∂ ssZhhpw ]¶n-Sp∂ temIhpw (1995) Ass{XX ssZh-im-kv{Xw. Ch-bn¬ Fs‚ ssZh-imkv{X Z¿i-\-ßƒ AhX-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-®n-´p-≠v. "h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw˛hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°mtam' "h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw' F∂Xv {XnXzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]Tn-∏n-°-emWv. ]nXm-hv, ]p{X≥, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv-˛-ssZhw {Xntb-I-\m-Wv. Ch¿ Xpey-cm-Wv. H∂m-Wv. Cu Z¿i\w kaq-lØ - nepw D≠m-IW - w. F√mhcpw Xpey-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ "h¿§-cl - nX kaqlw' ssZh-kvt\-lØ - n¬

28


\nd-™-Xm-Wv. kvt\lw AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ {XnXzw t]mse Xpeyhpw GIhpw ka-hp-am-W-t√m. Hcp \yq¢n-b¿ IpSpw-_t- ØmSv CXns\ D]-an-°mw. ]nXm-hv, amXmhv, a°ƒ. Ch-cpsS ÿm\w hyXy-ÿ-am-sW-¶nepw F√m-hcpw ÿm\w t\m°msX Xpey-cmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. h¿§-c-lnX kaql-Øn¬ Ghcpw Xpeycpw ]c-kv]cw Icp-Xp-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. i{XpXbpw a’-chpw C√m-Xm-Ipw. k¿∆-tcbpw kz¥w IpSpw-_a - mbn IcpXpw. "h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw' ]utemkv hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v (tdm-a. 12:4, 1 sImcn. 12:12-˛26). ico-cØ - nse Ah-bh - ß - ƒ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-ńcn-°p-∂p. Hcp-an®v hf-cp-∂X - n-\p≈ Ah-kc ka-Xz-ap-≠.v lrZbw icoc-Øns‚ F√m `mK-tØ°pw c‡w ]ºp sNbvXp sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. tI{µ-\mUo hyh-ÿ{- ]-Imcw icocw samØw Xe-t®m-dp-ambn _‘s∏-Sp-∂p. GsX-¶nepw H∂n\v X\n®v \ne-\n¬∏n-√. Hmtcm∂pw a‰p≈-Xn-\p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. sFIy-Øn¬ hf-cp-∂p. CXv h¿§-clnX kaq-l-Øn\v amXr-I-bm-Wv. h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw IΩyq-WnÃv Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSv _‘-ans√ "h¿§-cl - nX kaqlw' ss__n-fn¬ \n∂pw Imd¬ am¿Ivkv ISw sIm≠Xm-Wv. am¿Ivkv h¿§-k-a-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v CXv hni-Ie\w sNøp-∂p. a\p-jycpsS kmtlm-Z-cym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Iq´mbvabv°v `wKw hcp-Øp∂ kmaqly D®-\o-N-Xz-am-Wv, "h¿§w' F∂ ]Z-Øn¬ hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv. "hnizm-kn-Iƒ H∂mbn Xo¿∂v kºsØ√mw s]mXp-h-I-bmbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ "BZna k`' h¿§-c-lnX kaq-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-im-kv{X-Ønse bmYm-ÿn-Xn-IXzhpw kmaqly imkv{XØnse tkmjy-enÃv Nn¥bpw ka-\z-bn-∏n-®mWv "h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw' F∂Xv hnI-kn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ tI{µoIr-X-amb h¿§clnX kaql-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ cmjv{Sob {]Xy-bimkv{X-ß-fpsS A[nI kzm[o-\-an-√. Zcn-{Z- tem-IØv kº-∂-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]tam C¥y t]mep≈ Zcn-{Zy-cm-PyØv kºØv ]¶n-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]am-Wv. ssZh-kvt\-l-an-√m-Ø-XmWv ]¶n-Sm≥ sshjayw krjvSn-°p∂Xv. ssZhnI I¬]\Ifpw {]am-W-ßfpw A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h¿°v kºØv A[n-Ia - mbn D≠m-Ip∂p. ssZthjvSw A\p-kc - n-°p-tºmƒ IjvSX A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv ]¶p-tN-cm≥ Ign-bpw. kºØv \oXn]q¿∆w ]¶n-Sp-hm≥ km[n-°pw.


29

{InkvXob ]¶n-Snepw ""apń-√m-Ø-h¿'' D≈ kaq-lhpw BZn-a-k`-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-a-°ƒ F√m-hcpw ]¶n-Sp-∂h¿ BI-Ww. kzm¿∞-em`w t\m°msX ssZh-ZØ - a - mb hn`-hß - ƒ \oXn-°mbn ]¶n-S-Ww. Zcn-{Z-tem-I-Øn¬ kº-∂-\m-Ip-hm≥ B{Kln-°c - p-Xv. a‰p-≈h - ¿°v ap´p-≈t- ∏mƒ kpJ-tem-ep-]a - mbn Pohn-°c - pXv. \o-Xnbv°pw hntam-N-\-Øn-\p-ambn Zmln-°p∂ Gh-tcbpw IcpXp∂ kaqlw D≠m-I-Ww. ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-b-t∏mƒ Zcn-{Z-cp-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏-´p. CXv kzta-[bm iq\y-am°embn-cp∂p (Self emptying). ss{IkvX-h-k` CXv amXr-I-bm-°-Ww. kº-∂¿ IqSp-X¬ kº-∂cpw Zcn-{Z¿ IqSpX¬ Zcn-{Zcpw BIp∂ hyh-ÿn-Xnbpw amd-Ww. Zcn-{Z-tem-IØv kºØv ]mh-ßƒ°mbn ]¶n-Sm-ØXv ]m]w F∂v Rm≥ hnizkn-°p-∂p. anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Z¿i\w D≠m-b-sX-ßs\ thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn-®m¬ anj-\-dn-bm-Ipw. sNdp-∏-Ønse thZ-]pkvXIw hmbn-°p-∂X - n\pw {]kw-Kn-°p-∂X - n\pw Xm¬∏-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]kwKw F\n°v Bth-ihpw A\p-`h - h - p-am-Wv. kvt\lw, ]¶n-So¬ F∂n-h-bn¬ tI{µo-Ir-X-amb Z¿i-\-amWv anj≥. kºq¿Æ ]¶nSo¬ kaXzw Df-hm-°p-∂p. AXmWv anjs‚ BXy-¥nI e£yw. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-s‚bpw BZn-a-k-`-bp-sSbpw PohnX ssien-bmWv anj≥ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ D≠m-tI-≠-Xv. Rm≥ P_¬∏q-cn¬ _n.-Un.bv°p ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ t{]cW e`n-®p. ae-¶c k`sb anj-\dn k`-bmbn Db¿Øp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. anj≥ F∂ hm°ns‚ D¤hw antjym sUbv (Missio Dei) F∂Xn¬ \n∂p-amWv. anjs‚ ASn-ÿm\w ssZh-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ anj-\m-Wv. BXpc tkh\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Pm{KX ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv... Hcp Zcn-{Z -`-h-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw hf¿∂p h∂ _nj-∏mWv Rm≥. Rm≥ sRcp-°Ø - n¬ Bb-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ thZ-\bpw ImTn-\yhpw A\p-`-hn-®p. thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-tcmSv XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv Bhn-jv°-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F\nbv°v e`n-°p∂ ]Ww F√mw GsX-¶nepw Hcp t{]mP-IvSn\p th≠n sNe-hn-Spw. A\h[n t{]mP-Iv‰p-I-fp-≠v. [\n-I-\mb _nj-∏mbn acn-°p-hm≥ B{Kl-an-√. acn-°p-tºmƒ ]Ww H∂pw Fs‚ ssIøn¬ ImW-cp-sX-∂mWv B{K-lw. F√m ]ncn-hp-Iƒ°pw IrXy-amb ckoXp \¬Ipw. kz¿ÆtØmSv Xm¬]-cy-an-√.

30


Fs‚ {]kwKw tI´v BXp-c-tk-h\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°mbn kz¿Æ hf-Ifpw ame-Ifpw At\-I¿ Ducn X∂n-´p-≠.v A∂v Hcmƒ°v H∂pw c≠pw ametb D≈q. C∂v Hcmƒ°v ap∏Xpw \m¬∏Xpw kz¿Æam-eb - m-W.v ssZh-Øns‚ ÿm\w kz¿Æw Iog-S°n. B¿°pw Ipcnip th≠ kz¿Æw aXn (Nobody wants cross, every body wants gold). `mc-X-Øn¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø-I¿°v ]oV-Iƒ h¿≤n-°p-∂-t√m. {InkvXob anj≥ \S-Øp-tºmƒ ]oV-Iƒ h∂m¬ Gs‰-Sp-°Ww. ]m›mXy anj-\-dn-am¿ Ah-ew-_n® at\m-`mhw A]q¿Æhpw \ntj-[m-flI - h - p-am-W.v CXc aX-ßt- fmSv Ak-ln-jW v p-Xb - mWv Ah¿ ]pe¿Øn-bX - v. kvt\l-Øns‚ anj≥ ssien Dƒs°m-≠m¬ CXc aX-ßƒ anj-\p-ambn kulm¿±-am-Ipw. anj≥ cwKsØ _q¿jzm a\x-ÿn-XnbmWv {]iv\-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ "ssZho-Ic - W - a - mWv' anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\Ø - m¬ bmYm¿∞y-am-tI-≠Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ `mhn... C¥y-bn¬ P\m-[n-]X - y-a√. ]Wm-[n-]X - y-amWv \S-°p-∂X - v. ]mhs∏-´h - sc kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp Kh-s◊‚n√. F√m ]m¿ń-sbbpw AgnaXn ]nSn-®-S-°n. h≥ cmjv{S-ßƒ Zcn{Z cmPyßsf NqjWw sNøpI-bm-Wv. Ata-cn-°≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kzm¿∞X ssZhw £an°n-√. BtKm-fh - ¬°-cWw XpS-ßnb {]{In-bI - ƒ Nqj-WØ - n-\p≈ km[y-XI - ƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ib - m-W.v ]mh-ßƒ°mbn apX-e° - Æ - o¿ Hgp°p∂ k{º-Zm-ba - mWv Fhn-sS-bpw. hy‡nIfpw kaq-ln-I Xe-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw CW-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂ Hcp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bmWv "kmaq-ly-\oXn'. CXv k`-bnepw cmjv{S-Ønepw D≠m-I-Ww. AXn-\mbn a\- m-£nbp-≈ sNdp-∏° - m¿ DW¿∂p {]h¿Øn-°W - w. k`-bpsS ZuXyw F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww F√m-‰nepw F√mw \nd-bv°p-∂-hs‚ \nd-hmb k`bmWv D≠mtI-≠-Xv. Inco-S-Øn-\pw, kz¿Æ-Øn\pw sIm´m-c-Øn\pw B{K-ln°p∂ k`-bmWv C∂p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ k` Ipcn-ins‚ alXzw ad∂p t]mIp-∂p. k` Zcn-{Z-am-bn-cn-°W - w. kzIm-cy-kzØv D≠m-Ic - pXv. F√mw s]mXp-hn-t‚-Xm-I-Ww. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpw kzImcy kzØpw ]Whpw kºm-Zn-°-cp-Xv. "{InkvXp-hns‚ tamU¬' kzoI-cn°-Ww. ]≈n-Iƒ°v [mcmfw kº-Øp-≠v. Ah ]m]-ßƒ°mbn th¿Xn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ a\x-ÿnXn D≠m-IW - w. ]ń-Wnbpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw tcmKhpw D≈ temIØv B¿`mSßfpw k`m-tI-kp-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww. CS-h-I-I-fn¬ aZy-]-∑m¿


31

HutZym-KnI ÿm\-ßf - n-te°v sXc-s™-Sp-°c - p-Xv. k`m-ÿm-]\ - ß - fn¬ Zcn-{Z-cm-bh - ¿°v ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww. k`-bpsS ZuXysØ-°p-dn®v Imcy-ambn bph-P\ - ß - ƒ ]Tn-°W - w. C\n-bp-ap≈ Imew Fßs\ sNe-h-gn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. amth-en-°c k¨tU kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ Rm≥ Hcp Xocp-am\w FSp-Øn-´p-≠v. "Rm≥ Fs‚ lrZbw I¿Øm-hn\v sImSp-°p∂p.' ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ BZy-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. ssZhw Xcp∂n-S-tØmfw Imew ssZh-Øn\p th≠n {]h¿Øn-°pw. "Rß-fpsS Bbp-jv°mew Fgp-]Xp kwh-’cw' Gsd Bbm¬ F¨]Xv. Ct∏mƒ AXn\pw A∏p-d-tØ°v \oßp-∂p... "{]m¿∞\ tIƒ°pw {]mW-{]n-bs\ bmsXm∂pw th≠ \o aXn, {]m¿∞n-∏m-\p≈ GI B{Klw \ns‚ cmPyw `qhnepw BIWw' C\n-bp≈ Imehpw ssZh-cm-Py-a-l-Xz-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂v hnc-an®v Hcp anj-Wdn _nj-∏mbn Xoc-Wsa∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Hcp ktµiw "ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-I. Ab¬°m-cs\ kvt\ln-°pI.' CXv I¿Øm-hns‚ Iev]\ - b - m-Wv. CXv ]men-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-cmPyw h∂p sIm≈pw. AXv h¿§-c-lnX kaq-lhpw Bbn-cn-°pw. (25 Unkw-_¿ 1999)

32


4

{]kw-K-Ønse kvt\l-]¿∆w {InkvXob I¨h≥js‚ Hcp cm{XntbmKØn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ Xn\mbn amthen°c ap≠pthen¬ tPm¿PpIpń thZ]pkvXIhp ambn t]mbn. A∂sØ apJy{]kwKw ]Sn°¬ tXmakv D]tZin bptSXmbncp∂p. 1930 IfnemWv. At±lw t{imXm°tfmSp tNmZn®p. ""\nßfpsS lrZbw ssZhØn\v sImSp°ptam.'' {]kwKat≤y D]tZin ]e {]mhiyw Cu tNmZyw Bh¿Øn®p. I¨h≥j\n¬ ]s¶SpØ Bcpw A\ßnbn√. ]{¥≠v hb p≈ tPm¿PpIpń NmSn Fgpt∂‰v ]d™p. ""Rm≥ Fs‚ lrZbw ssZhØn\v sImSp°p∂p''. B tPm¿PpIpńbmWv hf¿∂v tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm BbXv. Ct∏mƒ \hXnbpsS \ndhnepw ]pkvXIcN\bnepw hN\ ip{iqjbnepw Pm{KX]pe¿Øp∂p. Atacn°bnse bqWnb≥ XntbmfPn°¬ skan\mcnbn¬ Fw.F., Fkv. Sn. Fw., _ncpZßƒ t\Snb tijamWv I¨h≥j≥ cwKtØ°v {]thin°p∂Xv. BZy I¨h≥j≥ {]kwKw 1951emWv. tIm´bw \nebv°¬ I¨h≥j≥. ""{InkvXphns\ thWtam, _d∫mkns\ thWtam'' F∂Xmbncp∂p hnjbw. XpS¿∂v At\I I¨h≥j≥ thZnIfn¬ ssZhhN\w ]¶n´p. kztZiØpw hntZiØpw F√mw ^m. Fw. hn. tPm¿Pns‚ {]kwKØn\v At\I¿ ImtXm¿Øp. ^m. Fw. hn. tPm¿Pv, tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ Bbt∏mgpw {]kwKØn\v Xnc°v h¿≤n®p. At\Isc ssZhhN\Øm¬ {]t_m[n∏n®v Bflob DW¿∆v ]I¿∂p. {]kwKIebpsS hnhn[ Imgv N ∏mSpIƒ kzXkn≤amb ssienbn¬ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏m eoØ ]¶nSp∂p:


33

ae-¶-c- k-`-bnse BZy-Ime {]kw-K-I-cn¬ kzm[o-\n® hy‡n-Iƒ Bscm-s°-bmWv? H∂m-aXv ssZh-amWv Fs∂ kzm[o-\n-®X - v. ssZhw thZ-]p-kvXI - Øn-eqsS Ft∂mSv {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠ma-Xv, Fs‚ Ab¬hm-kn-bmb am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse Hcp D]-tZin "]Sn-°¬ tXmakv' (]n. sP. tXma-kv) F∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p. ss__nfnse GXp-`m-Kw tNmZn-®mepw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXp-t]mse ss__nƒ ImWm-∏mTw ]Tn® Hcp hy‡nsb Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. aq∂m-a-Xv, anj≥ZuXyw (Mission Spirit). AJne `mcX anj≥ F∂Xv Rm≥ tPm¿÷p-Ipń Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ apX-ep≈ Fs‚ B{K-l-am-Wv. hn. aØmbn 28:18˛20 `mKØv I¿Øm-hns‚ Ahkm\ hm°p-If - n¬ {]kw-Khpw Dƒs∏-ń-´p-≠v. Cu hmIyhpw Fs∂ hfsc kzm[o-\n-®n´p-≠v. {]kw-K- hn-jbw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xnepw kzoI-cn-°p∂ amXr-IIƒ GsX-√m-amWv? {]kw-Kh - n-jbw Rm≥ sXcs™-Sp-°m-dn-√. ]Icw hnjbw Fs∂ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ib - mWv. ]ns∂ AXv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\p-ff amXrIIƒ Rm≥ kzb-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. {]kwKw Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-tºmƒ AXv tIƒ°p∂ Bfp-If - n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Ne-\a - mWv {]kwK-Øns‚ hnPbw. AXp-sIm≠v Bfp-Isf Adn™v Ah¿°v a\ n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ efn-Xa - mbn {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ {i≤n-°mdp-≠v. Fs‚ {]kw-K-ßƒ F√mw sNdnb sNdnb hmN-I-ß-fn-em-bncn°pw Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X - v. {]kwK Ah-X-c-W-Øn\pw hni-I-e-\-Øn-\p-ambn hn`-h-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? Fs‚ {]kw-K-Øn¬ Rm≥ BZyw ]d-™-Xp-t]mse hnjbw Fs∂ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. Rm≥ ss__n-fn¬ \n∂p am{Xta hnj-b-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m-dp-≈q. D≈-S°w (Matter), Ah-X-cWw (Manner), `mj (Language) Cu aq∂p Imcy-ßƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n-bmWv {]kwKw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. hn. ss__nƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw Ft∂mSv ]dbpw \o Cu hmIysØ ASn-ÿm-\a - m°n {]kwKn-°Ww F∂v. At∏mƒØs∂ Rm≥ AXn\v aq∂v `mK-ßƒ (Division) I≠p-]n-Sn-°pw. F∂n´v AXn¬ \n∂psIm≠m-bn-cn°pw {]kwKn-°p-∂-Xv. {]kw-K-Øn\v \√ Hcp°w Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]kwKw ]dbp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv AXv Fgp-Xp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ BZy-Im-e-ßfn¬ {]kwKw FgpXn ]Tn®v ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Fgp-Xn-bn-ń-√.

34


hnjbw IqSp-X¬ lrZn-ÿa - m-°p-hm≥ Fgp-Xn-bn´v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂Xv klm-bn-°pw. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ {]kw-K-Øns‚ kzm[o\w F{]-Imc-amWv? BZy-Im-eØv sshZn-I-scm∂pw {]kw-Kn-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. {InkvXob k`-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ {]kw-K-Øn\v {]m[m\yw D≠m-bn-cp∂p (A-t∏m. 2:42). Hcp sshZn-I≥ F∂p-]-d™m¬ Ing-t°m´v Xncn-™p-\n∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ]ptcm-ln-X\mbpw ]Sn-™m-tdm´v \nev°p-tºmƒ {]hm-NI - \ - m-bpw CSh-I -tk-h-\-Øn-eqsS CS-b≥ Bbpw amdp-∂p. Rm≥ F√m hn. Ip¿∫m-\b - nepw sNdnb {]kwKw \S-Øpw. Hcp Hm¿Ω-°p¿∫m-\b - mbmepw {]kw-Kn-°pw. AXv \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m-\b - n¬ {]kwKw \S-Øn-bn-s√-¶n¬ B ip{iqj ]q¿Ønbm-bn-ń√ F∂m-W.v CS-hI - b - n¬ {]kw-KsØ CjvSs - ∏-Sm-Øh - c - p-s≠¶n¬ Ahsc t_m[-h¬°-cn-°-Ww. \√ {]kw-K-I¿ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-bn¬ hf¿∂p-ht- c-≠Xv hfsc AXym-hi - y-amWv. {]kwK-Øns‚ kzm[o\w hf-sc-bm-Wv. Ah Is≠Øn ê-{]-Za - mbn hn\ntbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bW - w. k`m-Iºw AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? (Nn-cn-°p-∂p....) Fs‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ ]≠v Hcmƒ {]kw-Kn-®t∏mƒ adn-™p-hoWp! thsdm-cmƒ sh≈w tNmZn®p! k`m-Iºw ss\ ¿§n-Ia - mbn´p≈-Xm-W.v {]kw-K] - c - n-io-e\ - Ø - ns‚ BZy-L´- ß - fn¬ CXv Is≠-∂p-h-cmw. H∂pc≠v ÿeØv {]kw-Kn®p Ign-bptºmƒ AXv amdn-s°m-≈pw. k`m-I-ºsØ AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-b-Ww. \nc-¥-c-amb A`yk-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øn-eq-sSbpw k`m-I-ºsØ t\cnSp-hm≥ Ign-b-Ww. hnj-b-Øn¬ \√ Ah-t_m[w D≠m-bm¬ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc k`m-I-ºsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°mw. {]m¿∞-\, Hcp-°w, Bfl-hn-izm-kw, hnjb]cn-⁄m\w Ch Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]kw-K-I-e-bnse `mj ê-{]-Z-am-°m≥ kzoI-cn-t°≠ LS-I-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? {]kw-K-Øn¬ `mjbv°v hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. {]kw-Khpw `mjbpw ]p´v D≠m-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse BWv. ]p´v D≠m-°p-tºmƒ tXßm-∏oc ASn-bn¬ CSpw. AXns‚ apI-fn¬ s]mSn CSpw. ]oc Cń-s√-¶n¬ Bhn apI-fn¬ hcp-I-bpan√, ]p´v thhp-I-bp-an-√.


35

AXmbXv {]kw-K-Øn¬ DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw sNdnb ]m´p-Ifpw IYIfpw thWw As√-¶n¬ Bfp-I-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ AXv FØp-Ibn-√. Nne¿ {]kw-Kn-°p-tºmƒ ]oc a - m-{X-am-bn-t∏mIpw! Nne¿°v s]mSn am{Xta D≠mIq! c≠pw IqSn D≠m-bmte {]kwKw hnP-bn-°q. efn-X-amb `mj-bmWv Rm≥ {]kw-K-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. kwkvIrX hm°p-Is - fm∂pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dn-√. I¿Ømhpw {]kw-KØn¬ eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. C{Xbpw sNdnb sNdnb hmIy-ßf - n-eqsS Bcpw {]kw-Kn-®n-ń-√. F√m-h¿°pw Hcp-t]mse AXp a\- n-em-bn. D]-a-I-fn-eqsS Bbn-cp-∂p-ht√m tbip-hns‚ {]kw-Kßƒ \S-∂Xv. {]kwKw Nncn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-I-cp-Xv. Ic-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-I-Ww. ]›mØm]-Øn-te°v \bn-°W - w. AXmWv bYm¿∞ {InkvXob {]kwKw. AXp-sIm≠v P\sØ kv]¿in-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ {]kw-K-Øn¬ D]tbm-Kn-°m≥ {i≤n-°W - w. {]kw-K-Øn¬ kmaq-lnI hni-I-e-\-ßfpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈n-°p-∂Xv P\-ßƒ F{]-Imcw kzoI-cn-®n-´p≠v? Fs‚ BZy-Ime {]kwKw tIƒ°p-∂-h¿ Fs‚ {]kw-KsØ "kmaq-lnI \oXn' (Social Justice) F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. sNdp-∏-°m-cmWv Fs‚ {]kwKw IqSp-X¬ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿. {]mbam-bh - ¿ Fs∂ "IΩyq-WnÃpImc≥' F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂X - v. hna¿i\-ßƒ ]d-bp-tºmƒ t]Sn-t°≠ Imcy-an-√. ImcWw sX‰v sNbvXh - cm-Wt- √m, {]Xn-Ic - n-°p-∂X - .v a‰p-≈h - c - psS hna¿i-\ß - ƒ Imcy-am-t°≠-Xn-√. ssZh-Øns‚ AwKo-Imcw \ap°v Inń-bm¬ aXn. òcp (Fear ful) BImsX {i≤mep (Care ful) Bbn-cn-°W - w. {]kw-KØ - n¬ kmaqlnI hni-I-e-\-ßfpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ka-Im-enI kw`-hß - ƒ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw A]-{K-Yn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bW - w. CXn\v IqSpX¬ hmb\ D≠m-I-Ww. Ft∏mgpw hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw. {]kw-K-Øns‚ Ah-X-cWw BI¿j-I-am-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? {]kw-K-Øn¬ sshhn-[yX (Variety) thWw. kwth-Z\ coXnimkv{Xw (Communication Methodology) thWw. \√ AwK-Ne\ßfpw (Action) D≠m-I-Ww. {]kw-K-Øn¬ IY, Ihn-X, kw`-hhn-h-c-W-ßƒ, dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈n-°mw. F∂m¬ {]kw-Kh - n-jb - Ø - n¬ \n∂pw amdn-t∏m-Ic - p-X.v ImSp-Ib - dn {]kw-Kn-®m¬

36


Hcp {]tbm-P-\hpw Ccp-h¿°pw e`n°p-I-bn√. hnj-b-Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠v am{Xw {]kw-Kn-°-Ww. C∂sØ kmaq-lnI {]iv\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°p-∂h¿°v DW¿∆p \evIpw. Ct∏mƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp∂ "Icn-kvam-‰nIv {]kw-K-ßsf' Fßs\ \nco-£n-°p∂p? Xp≈n-®mSn _lfw hbv°p∂ Cu {]ÿm-\-tØmSv F\n°v FXn¿∏m-Wv. Nne cmjv{So-b-°m-cp≠v CXp-t]m-se. {]kw-K-Øn\v sshIm-cn-IX (Emotion) thWw. ]s£ Aan-X-am-I-cp-Xv. AXn-sshIm-cn-I-am-bm¬ (Over emotional) AXv icn-b-√. Bfp-Isf shdpsX Cf-°m-sa∂p am{Xta D≈q. ]d-bp-∂X - n-\\ - p-kc - n®v thWw {]h¿Ø\w. "I¿Ømhv kz¿§-Øn-te°v Itcdn' F∂p-]-d-bp-tºmƒ ssI Xmtgm´v ImWn-®mtem? AXp-sIm≠v Xp≈n®mSn-bp≈ Icn-kvam‰nIv {]kw-K-ßsf Rm≥ hna¿in-°m-dp-≠v. ssZh-h-N-\w P\-ß-fnte°v Bg-ambn k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bW - w. {]kw-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ImgvN-∏mSv F{]-Im-c-ap-≈-XmWv? Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v {]kw-K-tØmSv Xmev]cyw Ipd-hm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ CXv amdn-Øp-S-ßn. \√ {]kw-K-Isc k`-bn¬ hf¿Øn-sbSp-°-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta k`-bnse Cu Ipd-hv ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°q. F√m hn. Ip¿∫m-\-I-fnepw Hcp ktµiw sImSp-Øn-cn°Ww F∂p-≈Xv F\n°v \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. "Bcm-[\ am{Xw aXn {]kwKw th≠' F∂p≈ sX‰mb [mcW Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bn¬ i‡-am-W.v AXns\ amt‰-≠Xv hf¿∂p-hc - p∂ sshZn-Ic - p-sSbpw B≤ym-flnI {]h¿Ø-Ic - p-sSbpw IS-ab - m-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Ipsd-sbms° amdn-hc - p-∂X - n¬ kt¥mjw D≠v. sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-Iƒ hgn-bp≈ {]kw-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ A`n-{]mbw F¥mWv? Ct∏mƒ sSen-hn-j-≥ Nm\ep-Iƒ hgn HØncn {]kw-K-ßƒ hcp∂p-≠v. ]s£ AXv hnP-b-a-√. P\-ß-tfmSv t\cn-´p-]-d-bp∂ {]kwK-ßƒt° Poh-\p-≈q. sSen-hn-j-\nse {]kw-K-Øn¬ thZ-imkv{X-]-c-am-bn-´p-≈Xv (Theological) H∂pw Xs∂ C√. ]d-™Xp-Xs∂ ho≠pw ho≠pw ]d-bp-∂p. Sn. hnbnse {]kwKw Nne Bfp-Iƒ am{Xamhpw ImWp-I. AXp-sIm≠v sSen-hn-j≥ {]kw-K-tØmSv F\n°v tbmPn-∏n-√. ]e tKmkv]¬ Nm\-ep-Iƒ°pw A[nIw t{imXm-°ƒ C√-∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.


37

{]kwK ip{iq-j-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-h¿°v \¬Ip∂ ktµiw F¥m-bn-cn°pw? I¿Øm-hns‚ Ir]-bmWv {]kw-Kw. {InkvXp-hn-s\-t∏mse Bsb¶n¬ am{Xta {]kw-Kn-°m-hq. {]kw-K-Øn\p apºv {]m¿∞\ Bhiy-am-Wv. Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ {]kw-K-Øn\v Hcp aWn-°q¿ {]m¿∞-\sb-¶nepw Bh-iy-am-Wv. icn-bmb hymJym-\-ßƒ am{Xta \¬Imhq. {]kwKw hm°n¬ am{Xw t]mcm, {]hr-Øn-bnepw thWw. \√ km£y-ap≈ {]kw-K-I¿ k`-bn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta temIsØ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bq. _lp-aX kwkv°mcw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ `mc-X-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ {InkvXob {]`m-j-I¿ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? kvt\l-amWv G‰hpw hep-Xv. {InkvXob aXw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv AXm-Wv. AXv P\-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-°Ww. lnµp-a-X-Øn¬ "Alw' "{_“w' Rm\pw {_“hpw Ft∂-bp-≈q. Rm≥ `mh-amWv Ahn-sS. F√m aX-ßfpw kzm¿∞w (Selfish) BWv. C∂v a\p-jy≥ arK-ßfpsS Ah-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. arK-ßƒ°v Xn∂pI, IpSn-°p-I, Ipń-Isf Xo‰pI Cu Nn¥-am-{X-ta-bp-≈q. a\p-jy\pw C∂v kºm-Zn-°pI, a°sf Xo‰pI F∂-X-√msX {]m¿∞-\bv°v ka-b-an-√. kvt\lw ]¶n-Sm≥, ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv {InkvXob {]kw-K-I¿ sNtø-≠-Xv. kvt\l-Øns‚ hnimeamb Z¿i-\-amWv Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ "Ass{XX' ^ntem-k^ - n-bn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv _lp-aX kwkv°m-c-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp Z¿i-\-amWv. {]kwK ]cy-S\ - Ø - nse {][m\ Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ]¶n-Smtam? Fs‚ BZysØ {]kwKw Fs‚ hoń¬ h®p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]kw-K-hnjbw aØmbn 3:2. "kz¿§-cmPyw kao-]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm¬ am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-hn≥' F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Ct∏m-gpw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ D≠v. Rm≥ Fkv. Fkv. F¬. kn°v ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Rß-fpsS ]≈n-bn¬ _nj∏v F®v. s]°≥ lmw hmƒjv h∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ {]kwKw X¿÷a sNbvXXv Rm\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv F\n°v hen-sbmcp A\p-`hw Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p. C¥ybpsS hnhn[ `mKØpw hntZ-iØpw ]e ktΩ-f\ - ß - f - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ At\I {]kw-K-ßƒ \S-Øn. Fs‚ Nne {]kw-Kßfpw Bi-bß - fpw Nne-scms° Hm¿Øn-cn-∏p-≠v. Ah¿ Fs∂-°mWp-tºmƒ Ah-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bpw. At∏mƒ kt¥mjw tXm∂pw.

38


ssZhamWv Fs∂-s°m≠v {]kw-Kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. HØncnsbmØncn Hm¿Ω-Iƒ {]kw-K-]-cy-S-\-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-sbms° Rm≥ teJ-\-Ønepw ]pkvX-I-Ønepw B°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]eXpw Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√∂p am{Xw. {]mb-am-bnt√.... "tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv' Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]kwKw F{]-Imcw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p? "tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv' F∂ F\n°v Fs‚ {]kwKw F∂-Xn-√. ssZh-Øns‚ {]kw-K-am-Wv. ssZhw Ft∂mSv {]kw-Kn-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Rm≥ ]d-bp∂p F∂p-am-{Xw. tPm¿÷pIpń Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ apX¬ ssZhw {]kwKw F∂ Ir] F\n°v \evIn-bn-´p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ H∂pw A√. F√mw ssZhw X∂Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ "Fs‚ {]kwKw F∂ {]kwKw' C√. {]kw-K-I-e-bn-te°v {]th-in-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v \¬Ip∂ ktµ-iw....? Rm≥ kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-tºmƒ {]kw-K-I-cmbn k`-bn¬ aq∂pt]sc Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-≈q. Rm\pw Sn. sP. tPmjzm A®\pw, Nmt°m amÃ-dpw. C∂p [mcmfw t]¿ {]kw-KI - c - m-bp-s≠-¶nepw {]kwK-Øns‚ Rm‰p-Xe \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂p-thm...? ]pXnb Rm‰p-Xe hc-Ww. AXn\p \mw Iq´mbn ]Tn-°-Ww. Nn¥n-°-Ww. {]m¿∞n-°-Ww. 1. Ime-Øns‚ am‰w Dƒs°m-≈Ww: ka-bw (Time), kwkvImcw (Culture), kml-Ncyw (Context) F∂nh amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. B[p-\n-tIm-Øc - L - ´- Ø - n-te°v \oßp-Ib - m-Wv. Cu kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ {]kw-KI - ¿ hy‡n-Isf am{Xw am‰n-bm¬ t]mcm. Ime-L´- sØ Xs∂ am‰nadn-°W - w. "Ime-Øn\p am‰w D≠m-°p-hm≥ ssZhw hnfn-®h - c - mWp I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-K-I¿' B Z¿i\w ]q¿Æ-ambpw Dƒs°m≠v kvt\l-Øns‚ ]pØ≥ Z¿i-\-ßƒ ]¶n-S-Ww. 2. PohnXw Bh-iy-amWv: {]kw-KI - ¿ [mcmfw D≠m-Ip-∂p. PohnX-ap≈ {]kw-KI - ¿ tht≠? "{]kw-Kt- Ø-°mƒ {]kw-KI - \ - mWv IqSpX¬ {]m[m\yw'. {]kw-K-hpw Pohn-Xhpw XΩn¬ _‘w thWw. ]W-tØm-Sp≈ sImXn B¿°pw D≠m-Ic - p-Xv. C∂p ]W-tØm-Sp≈ sImXn-bm-tWm {]hm-NI - Z- u-Xy-amtWm D≈-X.v {]kwKw Pohn-Xa - m°n Xo¿°p-∂-h¿ {]hm-N-I-ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-°-Ww. hN-\-ip-{iq-j-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-tºmƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ ASpØp\n¬°p∂ A\p-`-hhpw D≠m-IW - w. 3. {]kwKw kzm[o-\n-°Ww: {]kw-KØ - ns‚ D≈-S°w t{imXm°sf kzm[o-\n-°W - w. Ime-Øns‚ Hgp-°\ - p-kc - n-®p≈ {]kw-Kß - ƒ


39

Ft∏mgpw A`n- I m- a y- a - √ . ÿmbn- b mb Nn¥- I - ƒ \¬I- W w. {]kwKßƒ IYm-t£]w BI-cp-Xv. Nncn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ckn-∏n-°phm\pw A[nIw {ian-°c - p-X.v {]kw-Kß - ƒ Bg-ambn kzm[o-\n-°Ww. {]kwKw hgn It√dp e`n-°p∂ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-≠m-I-Ww. km£yPo-hn-X-ap≈ {]kw-K-I¿ D≠m-I-Ww. {InkvXp-hn¬ tI{µo-Ir-X-amb ktµ-i-ßƒ ]¶n-S-Ww. thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn-®nt´ {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ t]mIm-hq. "thZ-]p-kvXIw Hcp {]mh-iy-sa-¶nepw apgph≥ hmbn-®n-ń√m-Ø-h¿ {]kw-Kn-°-cpXv'. {]kw-K-Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizmkhpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°W - w. {]kwKw P\ßsf kzm[o-\n-°Ww. cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 4. temI-tØmSv {]kw-Kn-°Ww: Btcm-SmWp {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. CS-h-I-tbm-S-√. t{imXm-°ƒ temI-Øn-ep≈ F√m-hcpw BI-Ww. temIw apgp-h≥ CS-h-I-bmbn Icp-X-Ww. anj≥ Z¿i\w D≠m-Ip∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. anj≥ k`-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. hy‡n-I-fp-tS-X√ anj≥. I¨h≥j≥ {]kwKtbmK-ß-fn¬ H∂v s]mXp-ÿ-eØv \S-Ø-Ww. "]mcnjv anj≥' F∂ Nn¥-am-‰-Ww. "temI anj≥' F∂ Z¿i\w hf¿Ø-Ww. temIw apgp-h≥ "kphnti-jm-e-b-ambn' IcpXn {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. s]mXp-ÿ-e-sØ {]kwK-ßƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 5. thZ-hmIyw ]nSn-°Ww: GXp hmIyw {]kw-Kn-°-W-sa∂v At\z-jn®p \S-°-cp-Xv. F¥m {]kw-Kn-t°-≠Xv F∂pw At\zjn-°-cp-Xv. ssZhw kwkm-cn-°pw. thZ-]p-kvXIw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ, [ym\n-°p-tºmƒ, thZ-hmIyßƒ Ib-dn-∏n-Sn-°-Ww. {]kw-K-Is\ Ib-dn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ hmIy-ßsf {]kw-K-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. AXv Pohn-XsØ hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n-°p-w. hy‡n-I-sf-bpw kaq-ltØbpw temI-tØbpw AXp ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøn∏n-°pw. \ΩpsS I¨h≥j≥ {]kwK-I¿ anj≥ Z¿i\w Dƒs°m≠v temI-tØmSv {]kw-Kn-°-Ww. {InkvXp-hns‚ km£n-Iƒ BI-Ww. (16 HmKÃv 2004)

40


5

{]m¿∞-\-bpsS aq∂mw IÆv 1 "ssZ

h-ta, \o Rßƒ°v \mev Ip™p-ßsf X∂n-´p-≠v. Rßƒ Ah¿°p-th≠n H∂pw Icp-Xn-bn-ń-√. \o Ah¿°p-th≠n Icp-XnsIm-t≈-W-ta....' apdnbS®v AΩ Ic™p {]m¿∞n®p. Cu {]m¿∞\ apdn°v shfnbn¬ \n∂v tI´p-hf - ¿∂ aI≥ {]ikvX ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄\pw hm‹nbpw {]Xn-`-bp-ambn. tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS _meyw {]m¿∞-\bpsS XW-en¬ i‡n-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. Ggmw ¢mkv ]m m-bn´pw Hcp h¿jw ]TnØw \n¿Øn. kmº-Øn-I-ambn _p≤n-ap-ń-b-t∏mƒ AΩ ]d™p: "tams\ {]m¿∞n°v ssZhw hgn-sbm--cp-°pw.' {]m¿∞-\bpw thZ-]-T-\hpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bg-ambn A\p-`-hn-®-dn™ sa{Xm-t∏meoØ kz¥w ssien-bn¬ cNn® thZm-[n-jvTnX [ym\-{]m¿∞-\-IfmWv "CS-hn-SmsX {]m¿∞n-∏n≥' (1998), 90 Xncp-hN - \ {]m¿∞-\I - ƒ 2 (2004), "91 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ (2005) F∂o {KŸ-ßƒ . "91 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ G{]n¬ H∂p-apX¬ Pq¨ 30 hsc-bp≈ thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\-{]m¿∞-\-Ifpw thZ-hn-i-I-e-\-ß-fp-am-Wv. 1960-˛¬ Im¿Un¬ A®-Sn®v hnX-cWw sNbvX {]m¿∞-\b - nse Hcp `mKw: "temI-sam-s°bpw hninjym `mcX-Ønepw \ns‚ kphn-tijw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - n¬ Rßƒ°p h∂pt]mb Ae-kX Rß-tfmSp £an-°W - t- a. \n\°v Xncp-hn-jSv a - m-Ip∂ hn[Ønepw ÿe-ßf - nepw kuI-cy-ßf - nepw \ns‚ k`-tbbpw k`m a°-tfbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-ta. {InkvXob Imcy-hn-Nm-c-I-t_m-[hpw kmaq-lnI \oXn-bv°m-bp≈ hm©bpw Rßƒ°p \¬I-Wt- a'. 1971 G{]n¬ 26-˛\v Fgp-Xnb {]m¿∞-\-bnepw ZuXy-\n¿∆-l-WsØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p: "C¥y-bpsS hnhn[ kwÿm\-ßf - n¬ Hmtcm anj≥ tI{µ-sa-¶nepw X°-ka - b - Ø - v D≠m-°n-Øc - -


41

W-ta. anj≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf GIo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øphm\pw hn]p-eo-Ic - n-°p-hm\pw _e-lo-\\pw ]m]n-bp-amb Fs∂ AhnSpsØ Xr°-c-ß-fn¬ ho≠pw `c-ta¬∏n-°p-∂p....' {]m¿∞\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ImgvN-∏mSv F¥mWv? a\pjy Pohn-XØ - n\v {]m¿∞\ izmtkm-izmkwt]mse BI-Ww. CS-hn-SmsX {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bW - w. CXv Pohn-Xs - si-en-bn¬s∏´-Xm-IWw. Imt\m-\nI {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ k`-bpsS in£W {Ia-Ønep-≈X - m-W.v {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ \nc-¥c - _ - ‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv {]m¿∞\-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. CXv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-ep≈ PohnX ssien-bm-Wv. {]m¿∞-\, ko\mbv ae-ap-I-fn¬ tami A\p-`-hn® kz¿§ob A\p-`h-am-I-Ww. {]m¿∞-\bpw Pohn-Xhpw Xebpw ico-c-hpw-t]mse ]ckv]c _‘n-X-am-Wv. hnip-≤n-bn-te-°p≈ hf¿®-bmWv {]m¿∞-\bn- e qsS B¿÷n- t °- ≠ Xv . bma{]m¿∞\Ifpw CShnSmsX {]m¿∞\bpw H∂mIWw. thZ-]p-kvXI ]T-\hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw Fßs\ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°pw? thZ-]p-kX v Iw ]Tn-°p-∂Xv _meyw-ap-X¬ F\n°v lc-am-bn-cp-∂p. thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ IqSmsX Bflob cwKØv {]kw-Kn°p-hm\pw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bØ - n-√. thZ-]p-kvXIw ssZhnI shfn-∏m-Sns‚ hnip≤ tcJ-If - m-W.v ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ssNX-\yhpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ IqSn A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bmw. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ Bgw A]m-c-am-Wv. Bcpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw AXv Dƒs°m-≠n-ń-√. thZ]p-kvXIw Bflob Pohn-XØ - n\v hgn-Im-ńbpw {]Im-ihpw Du∂p-hSn-bp-am-I-Ww. thZ-hm-b-\-bn¬ kt¥m-jhpw kam-[m-\-hpw Is≠Ø-Ww. Xncp-h-N\w hmbn®v [ym\n®v {]m¿∞n®v Bflob ]IzX A\p-Zn\w {]m]n-°-Ww. {]m¿∞-\sb i‡hpw ssNX-\y-hp-am-°p∂Xv thZ-hm-b\ - bpw [ym\-hp-am-Wv. CXp ssZhIr]bmWv. {]m¿∞\m Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]k-‡n.... {]m¿∞\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-kyqXw D≠m-I-Ww. A\p-Zn\w {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Ign-b-Ww. kmaq-lnI {]iv\-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v {]m¿∞\ kPo-h-am-I-Ww. k`-bpsS Imt\m-\nI {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°v H∏w cl-ky-{]m¿∞-\I - fpw hy‡n-]c - a - mb {]m¿∞-\I - fpw Dƒs°m≈n-°W - w. DØ-aa - mb {InkvXob Pohn-XØ - n\v hnhn[ Xe-ßf - n-ep≈ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]c-ky-{]m¿∞-\, cl-ky-{]m¿∞-\, s]mXp-{]m¿∞-\, kmaq-lnI {]m¿∞-\.... Cßs\ F√m Xe-ß-fnepap≈ {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw thWw. IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kØ

42


{]m¿∞-\b - m-W.v ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Iq´m-ba v b - mWv {]m¿∞-\. {]m¿∞\-bn¬ \nd-bp-tºmƒ kzm¿∞X Ipd-bpw. kvt\l-Øn¬ \nd-bpw. PohnXw kvt\l-Øn-t‚bpw \∑-bp-tS-Xp-am-Ipw. {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ aXm-XoX Z¿i-\-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv? Fs‚ [ym\-]T-\-Ønepw {]m¿∞-\-bnepw aX]chpw aXm-XoX hpamb Z¿i-\a - p-≠v. AXv kvt\l-Øns‚ GI aX-tØ-bmWv shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. ssZhw kvt\l-am-Wv. ZpjvS∑ - m-cnepw \oXn-am-∑m-cnepw ssZh-Øns‚ Ir] D≠m-Ipw. A¥y-\ym-bh - n-[n-bn¬ kvt\ln-°p-∂h-tcbpw kvt\ln-°m-Øh - t- cbpw XΩn-emWv th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂X - v. kvt\l-Øns‚ kwK-at- h-Zn-Iƒ ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ A\p-`h - ß - fmWv. "kIe PmXn-It- fbpw injy-cm-°n-sImƒho≥' F∂mWv {InkvXphns‚ A¥y-im-k-\w. "F√m-h-tcbpw amtam-Zo-km-ap-°p-hn≥' F∂√. {InkvXp-sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-t]mse F√m-h-tcbpw kvt\l-am¿§Øn-eqsS injy-cm-°W - w. amtam-Zo-kmsb°mƒ {InkvXob injy-XzØn-\mWv {]m[m-\yw. CXv kvt\l-Øns‚ injy-Xzhpw kvt\lm-[njvTn-Xa - mb kao-]\ - h - p-am-Wv. temIØv kvt\l-Øns‚ GI-aXw hfc-Ww. AXn-\m-emWv {]m¿∞-\b - nepw [ym\-˛h - ym-Jym-\ß - f - nepw aXmXo-Xa - mb Z¿i\w shfn-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. kvt\l-Øm-ep≈ ssZho-Ic - Ww hf¿Øp-hm≥ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ klm-bn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv ]pdPmXnbmb iXm[n]s‚ hnizmkØn\v H∂mw ÿm\w \¬InbXmWv. (aØmbn 8:10). Iv\mbn°mcntbmSv ]d™p: ""\ns‚ hnizmkw henbXv'' (15:27). {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ kmaq-lnI {]iv\-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-°p∂Xns‚ {]k-‡n... {]m¿∞\ hy‡n-]cw am{X-am-I-cp-Xv. cl-ky-{]m¿∞-\-Ifpw hy‡n-]c - a - mb {]m¿∞-\I - fpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. D≈-S° - Ø - ns‚ kz`mh-Øn¬ F√m {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw ]c-kyhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-am-I-Ww. kaq-l-Øn-te°v Cdßn ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v hf-cp-∂-Xm-hWw {]m¿∞-\. kaq-lt- Øbpw kmaq-lnI {]iv\ß - s - fbpw hnkvac - n-®p≈ {]m¿∞-\I - ƒ kzm¿∞-Xb - n¬ tI{µo-Ir-Xa - m-Ipw. kvt\l-Øn¬ hfcp-tºmƒ am{Xta kaq-lsØ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øphm\pw Ignbq. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ Imen-I-amb hymJym\w kmaqln-I-t_m[w Db¿Øp-hm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. I¿Ømhv ]Tn∏n® {]m¿∞\ t\m°q. "kwkvIm-cØ - n¬ Rm≥ lnµphpw hnizm-kØ - n¬ {InkvXym-\nbpw ]uc-Xz-Øn¬ `mc-Xo-b\pw ho£-W-Øn¬ FIyq-sa-\n°' epam-


43

sW∂v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≈ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ssZh-im-kv{X-˛-th-Z-]-T\ cN-\-I-fn¬ F√mØn-s\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hnime-amb kvt\l-Øns‚ hniz-Z¿i-\amWv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X - v. "am\h PmXn apgp-h≥ Hcp kaqlw' F∂ Z¿i-\-amWv Cu ]T-\-Øns‚ A¥¿[m-c. ""GXpaXØnembmepw a\pjy¿ At\ym\yw kvt\ln®m¬ H∂mbnØocpw. kaq-l-tØmSpw ka-kr-jvSn-tbmSpw XmXm-fly-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kmaqlnI LS-\-bnse Po¿Æ-X-Isf Xncn-®-dn™v Ahbv°v FXnsc {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw kl-X-]n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ \n∂pw B¿÷n-°p∂ Bflob ]IzX ùXnI Bk-‡n-If - n¬ \n∂p≈ ]cn-h¿÷-\a - mWv. temI-tam-lß - sf ]cnXy-Pn-®-h¿t° {]m¿∞-\-bpsS i‡n Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ Ign-bq. ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn {]m¿∞-\sb kzIm-cy-ku-Jy-ßƒ B¿÷n°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn a\p-jy¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mgpw Cu Nn¥m-KXn hf-sc-bm-Wv. kaq-l-Øns‚ hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw cq]m-¥-chpw kvt\l-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb _‘-ßfpw {]m¿∞\-bn¬ IqSn ]¶n-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ ÿm]n-°p-∂p. {]m¿∞-\b - n¬ IqSn Bflob ]IzX {]m]n® Hcp tbmKn-°p-am-{Xta bYm¿∞ a\p-j-[¿Ωw ]men-°p-hm≥ Ign-bq. {]m¿∞-\b - psS DZmØ taJ-eI - f - n-te-°p≈ Ib‰w hgn ssZhnI _‘-\Ø - n-te°p {]th-in-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw e`n-°p∂p. {]m¿∞-\bpw [ym\hpw ssZhnI k∂n-[n-bn¬ FØp-∂X - n-\p≈ kzmX- { ¥y- a m- s W- ∂ p≈ ]uc- k v X y- Imgv N - ∏ mSv {KŸImc≥ \¬Ip∂p. ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ thZ-hym-Jym-\hpw {]m¿∞\bpw ssZhnI _‘-Øn-te-°p≈ hf¿®bpw kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_≤-X-bn-te-°p≈ Z¿i-\hpw i‡-ambn k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-∂p. kmaqln-Ihpw ]mc-ÿn-I-hp-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw [¿Ω-ßfpw hnkvacn®v kzm¿∞-Xbpw kpJ-tem-ep-]-Xbpw e£y-am°n Pohn-°p∂ ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°v ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ [ym\-˛-a-\-\-ßƒ {]Xn-tcm-[ -i‡nbmbnXocpw. Pohn-X-Ønse F√m Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw CXnse thZ-]-T-\-ßfpw {]m¿∞-\I - fpw {]tXy-Ia - m-tbm, bma-{]m¿∞-\t- bm-sSm-∏tam sNm√n [ym\n-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. kaq-lØ - n¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp∂ ]pØ≥ DW¿∆v {]m¿∞\m ssien-Iƒ°v CXnse D≈-S°w sh√p-hnfn Db¿Øp∂p. B≤ym-flnI Pohn-XØ - n\v {]m¿∞-\bpw thZ-[ym-\hpw ]pØ≥ Dƒ°mgvN ]I-cpw. ssZhnI kzmX-{¥y-Øn-te°p hf-cp-∂-Xns‚

44


BÀmZw {]m¿∞\hgn A\p-`h - n-®d - n-bp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. {]m¿∞-\bv°v Poh\pw ssNX-\yhpw ]I-cp∂ Cu thZ-]T - \w Bflo-IX - bv°v kmaqln-I-am\w krjvSn-°p-∂p. CXp-hgn {]m¿∞-\-bpsS ]pØ≥ Z¿i-\ßƒ P\-lr-Zb - ß - f - n¬ kwth-Zn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xn∑bn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn™v temI-tØ°v {]th-in-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yhpw Cu IrXn {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ 1. tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 91 Xncph-N-\-{]m¿∞-\-Iƒ F∂ {KŸ-Øn\v Fgp-Xnb Bap-Jw, kn.-F-kv.-F-kv, 2005. t]Pv iii - vii 2. {]Xn-Zn\ [ym\hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \mev {KŸ-ßƒ D≠v. cf. 92 Xncp-hN - \ {]m¿∞-\I - ƒ, kn. Fkv.F - k - v, 2007, {KŸ-kqNn ImWpI. (10 Pq¨ 2005)


45

6

{]hmNI Km\ßfneqsS...... D

÷zeamb Hcp kphntij {]kwKØn¬ (1977) tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xms∏meoØ sNm√n sImSpØp: ""{XntbI ssZhw F√mh¿°pw ssZhw lnµphn\pw, apk¬am\pw......'' hnizmknIƒ A£cm¿XvYØn¬ sRń. hfsc bmYmÿnXnIcmb {InkvXobkaqlØn¬ bmsXmcp kt¶mNhpw IqSmsX At±lw hcnIƒ sNm√n sImSpØp. F√mhtcmSpw G‰p sNm√phm≥ Bhiys∏´p. GXm\pw \nanjßƒ°p≈n¬ hnizmknIƒ Km\w lrZnÿam°n, hcnIƒ D®Øn¬ G‰p sNm√n. PmXn˛h¿§˛h¿Æ hyXymkßƒ H∂pw ssZhw krjvSn®X√. AsX√mw a\pjy≥ kzm¿∞Xaqew D≠m°nbXmsW∂v At±lw hnizkn°p∂p. kvt\lØn¬ hf¿∂m¬ kzm¿∞X Ipdbpw. am\hcminsb apgph≥ kvt\ln°phm≥ Ignbpw. PmXob th¿XncnhpIƒ∏pdap≈ kvt\lØns‚ B≤ymflnIX hnIknXamIpw. {XntbI {]Jym]\Øns‚ A¥¿[mc kv t \lØns‚ GIaXamWv. tUm. KohdpKokv HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xms∏menØmbpsS Km\ßfn¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂Xv kzmX-{¥yw, \oXn, kaXzw, ]¶nSo¬, kvt\lw F∂o hnjbßfmWv. "\ns‚ cmPyw h∂n-tSWw' F∂ Km\-Øn¬ cmPy-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ sshhn[yw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kz¿§-cmPyw kvt\lw ]¶n-Sp-∂p temIcmPyw kzm¿∞-Xb - m-bn-Xo-cp-∂p. kphn-ti-jt- Øm-Sp≈ BXy¥n-Ia - mb Bth-ia - mWv "kphn-tij hmln' F∂ Km\w. "kphn-tij hmln-bm-°n-tS-W-sas∂, Poh kphn-tij hmln-bm-s°s∂' F∂ ka¿∏-W-amWv i‡-am-Ip-∂Xv. kphn-tijtLmj-W-tØm-Sp≈

46


{]Xn-_-≤-X-bmWv ZuXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ˛ kphn-ti-jhpw kmaq-lnI \oXnbpw hnfn-®d - n-bn-°p∂ \nc-h[n Km\ßƒ BZy-Ime cN-\I - f - n¬ D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ kmaq-lnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw aXm-Xo-Xa - mb kvt\lhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kvt\Øn-s‚bpw ]¶n-So-en-s‚bpw Z¿i\w Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Km\-ßƒ°mWv {]m[m-\yw. am\hcminsb apgph≥ kvt\lØn¬ H∂n∏n°Wsa∂ B{Klw am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ Km\ßfn¬ shfns∏Sp∂p. 1965 \hw_¿ 12\v amßm\Øvsh®v FgpXnb Km\w {it≤-b-am-Wv. ""temIamsI H∂mbnSm≥ {]m¿∞n°p∂p temI¿°mbn {Iqtit‰mt\ \n≥ \maØn¬ \m\mPmXn H∂mbnSm≥ {]m¿∞n°p∂p am\h¿°mbn {Iqtit‰mt\ \n≥ \maØn¬''... "temIw H∂mbnSm≥' "\m\mPmXn H∂mbnSm≥' D≈ {]m¿∞\bn¬ PmXob Nn¥Iƒ°v A∏pdamWv tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv \nesIm≈p∂Xv. Hcp h¿§clnX kaqlsØ°pdn®p≈ Z¿i\w Nn¥bn¬ cq]s∏Sp∂ ImeamWnXv . AXn\memWv {InkvXphns‚ IpcnimtcmlWsØ "temI¿°mbn', "am\h¿°mbn' F∂v hntijn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. 1979 am¿®v 28\v FgpXnb "tami°p™ns\ hf¿ØpI' F∂ Km\w am¿ HkvXmØntbmkns‚ anj≥ Z¿i\w shfns∏SpØp∂ kvt\l Z¿i\Øns‚ hcnIfmWv. "\Znbnse hńbn¬' HgpInsbØnb tami ^dthmbpsS ]p{XnbpsS ImcpWyØm¬ hf¿∂v bn{ktb¬ P\XbpsS \mbI\mbn Db¿∂p. A\mYcmbn hgntbmcßfn¬ "HgpIn \S°p∂' ss]Xßfn¬ "tamibpsS Bflmhns\' At±lw Z¿in°pIbmWv. A¿lamb ]cnKW\bpw hm’eyhpw hnZym`ymkhpw \¬Imsa¶n¬ D÷ze {]XnÌfmbn Xocphm\p≈ km[yXbmWv A\mY Ip™pßƒ°p≈Xv. A\mY_meyßsf kwc£n°p∂Xn\p≈ DØchmZnXzw Bcv Gs‰Sp°psa∂Xv hnhcn°p∂Xv {i≤n°pI: "]ń°p™pßƒt]mse, IpńIƒ hgn \osf hńbn¬ InS°p∂p ˛ sXmńbn¬ am‰m\mcv? k¿°m¿ kpJn°p∂p, k¬°mcw \SØp∂p, ^dthmX≥ sIm´mcØn¬ tami X≥ hnfn tIƒ°'. A\h[n A\mY _meyßƒ \mń¬ h¿≤n°ptºmgpw k`bpw k¿°mcpw Ahsc AhKWn®v kpJßfnepw B¿`mSßfnepw Pohn°p∂p. A\mY\mb tamisb ^dthm ]p{Xn hf¿ØnbXp-


47

t]mse A\mYsc kwc£n°phm\p≈ Blzm\amWv k¿°mcnt\mSpw hnizmknItfmSpw am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Blzm\w sNøp∂Xv. "tami°p™ns\ hf¿ØpI' F∂ Km\-Øn¬ _me-`-h-\p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-t°≠ Bhiyw tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. tamibpsS kwc£Ww ^dthm ]p{Xn Gs‰Sp°p∂p. tami hf¿∂p t\XmhmbXpt]mse F√m IpńIƒ°pw t\XmhmIphm≥ Ignbpw. AXn\p≈ Ahkcw \ntj[n°p∂Xv, ]m]sa∂pw At±lw IcpXp∂p. "{XntbI ssZhw F√mh¿°pw ssZhw....' F∂ Km\w Fßs\bmWv {]ikvXn t\SnbXv. IrXyambn ]d™m¬ 1977 ImeL´ØnemWv Cu Km\w FgpXnbXv. BZyImeØv CXv {]Ncn∏n®t∏mƒ hfsc FXn¿∏pIƒ D≠mbn´p≠v. F∂m¬ \nch[n ]m´p]pkvXIßƒ hgn Cu Km\Øn\v {]Nmcw e`n®p. "kvt\l ktµiw' F∂ k©mc kphntij kwLw A\h[n tI{µßfn¬ Cu Km\w Be]n°pIbpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. Ims ‰pw kn.Un.bpw Bbn ]mń\v {]Nmcw h¿≤n®p. Km\Øn\v P\Iob kz`mhw D≠mbn. CXnse Bibw s]mXpkaqlw AwKoIcn®p. kphntij {]kwKØnepw RmbdmgvN {]kwKØnepw F√mw Cu Km\w Rm≥ sNm√n sImSp°pw. F√mhcpw CXv G‰p sNm√n lrZnÿam°n. "{XntbI ssZhw F√mh¿°pw ssZhw' F∂ BibØns‚ hn]peoIcWamWv "Ass{XX ssZhw'. kvt\lhm\mb GI ssZhsØbmWv "Ass{XX ssZhw' F∂Xn¬ A¿∞am°p∂Xv. Km\ßƒ FgpXn XpSßnb kmlNcyw hniZoIcn°mtam? sNdp{]mbØn¬ Xs∂ XpSßnbXmWv Km\cN\. ssltd©n¬ [ym\Øn¬ Ccp∂t∏mƒ Xo{hamb Bibßƒ a\ n¬ h∂p. AXmWv˛""Pohn®mepw acn®mepw ssZhw am{Xw aXnsb\n°v.'' F∂ Km\w. Atacn°bn¬ 1990˛I-fn¬ a\ n¬ cq]w sIm≠XmWv˛ ""{]m¿∞\ tIƒ°pw {]mW{]nbt\'' F∂ Km\w. B Km\Ønse "tbipth Fs‚ lrZbw \ns‚ cmP[m\nbmbn Xo¿°tW' F∂ hcn Fs‚ lrZbØn¬ \n∂p h∂XmWv. Rm≥ k¨tUkvIqfn¬ ]Tn°p∂ ImeØv Fs‚ lrZbw ssZhØn\v sImSpØXmWv. Fs‚ lrZb ikv{X{Inbbv°v 55000 tUmf¿ (17 e£w cq]) sNe-hmbn F∂m¬ F\n°v H∂pw \¬tI≠n h∂n-√. Bip-]-{Xn-°m¿ kuP\y-ambn NnIn’ \¬In. CXn\v Fs∂ klm-bn® tUm. {]kmZv G{_lmw DΩ-t\mSpw Ata-cn-°b - nse Bip-]{Xn Poh-\° - m-tcmSpw Rm≥ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

48


Km\ßƒ FgpXp∂Xn\pth≠n {]tXyI kabw sXcs™Sp°mdpt≠m? AJnetemI k`mIu¨knens‚ ktΩf\Ønse {]kwKhnjbßfpsS Nn¥bn¬ apgpIn hnam\Øn¬ Ccp- ∂ - t ∏mƒ {InkvXob kzmX¥ysØ∏‰n ]m´v FgpXnbn´p≠v. \ni_vZXbn¬ \n∂v \nc¥cambn Km\ßƒ hcWw. "Fs∂ hnjbw kv]¿ins®¶nte' F\n°v ]ms´gpXphm≥ ]‰pIbp≈q. ""[\hmt\ _ehmt\'' F∂ Km\w Rm≥ tPm¿PvIpńbmbncn°ptºmƒ amthen°c ]pXnbImhv ]≈nbpsS aZv_lmbn¬ sh®v FgpXnbXmWv. {]tXyI kabw sXcs™Sp°mdn√. Nnet∏mƒ \S°m\ndßptºmƒ a\ n¬ hcp∂ Bibßƒ Km\ßfmbn Xo¿∂n´p≠v. Nne Km\ßƒ tIƒ°ptºmƒ ss__nƒ hmb\bpsS A\p`hamWt√m D≠mIp∂Xv? AsX, Fs∂ Rm\m°nbXv thZ]pkvXIamWv. ]n.sP. tXmakv D]tZin Fs∂ hfsc kzm[o\n®n´p≠v. At±lØn\v ss__nƒ ImWm∏mTambncp∂p. Fs‚ Ip™p∂mfn¬ hoń¬ Hcp D]tZin hcpambncp∂p. At±ltØmSv X¿°n®v inipkv\m\w thWsa∂v t_m≤ys∏SpØphm≥ {ian°pambncp∂p. aqØmºm°¬ km[p sIm®pIp™v D]tZinbpw Fs∂ thZ]pkvXI ]T\Øn¬ Gsd kzm[o\n®n´p≠v. CuWtØ°mƒ BibØn\mWt√m {]m[m\yw sImSp°p∂Xv? (s]mń®ncn®psIm≠v) FIvkm‰ven, Bib {]NmcWamWv Fs‚ Km\ßfpsS e£yw. Xmfebßƒt°m, CuWØnt\m {]m[m\yw sImSp°mdn√. Rm≥ ]mSnb coXnbn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambn ]e Km\ßfpw Imk‰n¬ \√ CuWßfm°nbn-´p-≠v. thZimkv{X Nn¥Iƒ {]Ncn∏n°p∂Xn\v Km\cN\ klmbn°ptam? Xo¿®bmbpw, {XotbI ssZhw F√mh¿°pw ssZhw F∂ Km\Øns‚ Nn¥ {XnXz kvt\lamWv. 1 tbml∂m≥ 4:8˛16˛¬ ImWp∂ "ssZh kvt\lw' k¿∆am\hPmXntbbpw kvt\ln°p∂p. {XnXzw, kvt\lw, {]Xymi Chsb√mw Bgtadnb ssZhimkv{X Z¿i\ßfmWv. Bcm[\m Km\ßfmtWm, kphntij Km\ßfmtWm Gsd CjvSw? Fs‚ Km\ßƒ F√mw Xs∂ kphntij Km\ßfmWv. Fs∂ IqSpX¬ kzm[o\n®Xpw AhbmWv. Bcm[\bv°v, {]tXyIn®v


49

ssIapØp∂ Ahkcßfnepw a‰pw kphntij Km\ßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv \√XmWv. {]kwK at≤y Km\ßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂Xns\°pdn®v...? kwKoXØn\v henb i‡nbp≠v. Fs‚ {]kwKßfn¬ ]m´pIƒ D]tbmKn°mdp≠v. Rm≥ tPm¿PvIpń Bbncp∂ ImeØv {]kwKØn\nSbn¬ IqSpX¬ ]m´pIƒ D]tbmKn°pambncp∂p. I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-K-ß-fn¬ ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSp-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn´p≠v. Km\ßfpsS kz`mhw F¥mWv? Fs‚ Km\ßfn¬ Bizmk KoXßƒ (Comforting songs) hfsc IpdhmWv. {]hmNI Km\ßfmWv (Prophetic songs) Ft‚Xv. k`bnepw kaq-l-Ønepw Xncp-Ø¬ \evIp∂ ktµ-i-amWv D≈-S-°w. CjvS Km\w GXmWv? ""\n\°pth≠n Rm≥ [cbnse¥pthWtam.... CXmWv Fs‚ CjvS Km\w. Cu Km\Øns‚ CuWØnemWv ]n∂oSv ˛ ssZhhmIyta Fs∂ \hyam°tW''˛ F∂ Km\w FgpXnbXv. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ sNm√ns°mSpØ Km\w? F√m Km\ßfpw P\ßsf ]Tn∏n°pw. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ thZnIfn¬ sNm√n sImSpØXv, "Pohn®mepw acn®mepw ssZhw am{Xw aXn...' F∂ Km\amWv. F\n°v CºIcambn ]mSm≥ Adnbns√¶nepw Rm≥ ]mSp-Ibpw ]m´p-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Ch Imsk‰nepw kn.Un.bnepw B°nbn´p≠v . AXn\m¬ Ch F√mh¿°pw ]Tn°phm≥ km[n°pw. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS thZ-imkv{Xw ]q¿Æ-ambpw shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Km\w GXm-Wv ? F√m Km\-ß-fnepw Fs‚ thZ-imkv{Xw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. (Hm¿°p-∂p): GI-Xz-Øn¬ kvt\l-an√ ZnXz-kvt\lw ]q¿Æ-a√ {XnXz-kvt\lw ]q¿Æ-as{X hmßmw, \evImw, ]¶n-ó-Smw. {XnXzm-[n-jvSnX kvt\l-Øns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-bmWv Rm≥ ]Tn∏n-°p-∂X - v. (10 \hw-_¿ 2003)

50


7

k`bpw kv{XoIfpw k

`bnepw kaqlØnepw kv{XoIfpsS t\XrXzhpw ]¶mfnØhpw ]p\¿hmbn°s∏´p. "h\nXm _n√v' hgn kv{Xo {]mXn\n[yw ]m¿esa‚n¬ 33 iXam\am°phm\p≈ km[yX sXfnbpIbmWv. {XnXe ]©mbØpIfn¬ 50 iXam\Øn¬ A[nIw kv{XoIƒ 2010¬ A[nImcØnseØn. ]pcpjt\msSm∏w kv{XoIƒ°pw ]¶mfnØhpw {]mXn\n[yhpw e`yambn. CXn\mbn \nch[n N¿®Ifpw t]mcm´ßfpw hnh[ ImeL´ßfnembn i‡ns∏ńcp∂p. kv{Xo {]mXn\n[yw cmjv{SobØn¬ hnimeamb hgn Xpd∂ ]›mØeØn¬ kÌfpw kv{Xo ]¶mfnØsØ°pdn®v ]p\¿hnNmcW \SØpIbmWv. kv{Xo ]¶mfnØw kÌfpsS `cW \n¿hlW {]{Inbbn¬ D≠mIWsa∂ Ahiyw apt∂m´vsh®hcn¬ {]apJcmb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø∑ - m-cmWv tUm. ]utemkv am¿ {KntKmdntbmkpw tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkpw. ae¶c H¿ØtUmIv k v k`bn¬ kv { XoIfpsS ÿm\hpw ]¶mfnØhpw kw_‘n®v ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ hnhn[ HutZymKnI {]Jym]\ßƒ D≠v: amtamZokm Ign™v s]Ïp™pßsf hn. aZv_lmbn¬ {]thin∏n°Ww (1988), hn. Ip¿∫m\bv°v apºv ]≈nbn¬ ]gb\nbaw kv{XoIƒ°v ]ckyambn hmbn°mw (1988), bphP\{]ÿm\Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v ]¶mfnØw \¬Imw (2005), skan\mcnbn¬ thZimkv{X ]T\Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v {]thi\w \¬Imw (1981:2005), CShI s]mXpbmKØn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v "\nco£Icmbn' ]s¶SpØv A`n{]mbßƒ ]dbphm\pw CShIbpambn _‘s∏´ D]kanXnIfn¬ AwKßƒ BIphm\pw km[n°pw (2007:2008) XpSßnb {]Jym]\ßƒ kv{XoIfpsS ]¶mfnØw k`m ip{iqjIcnepw t\XrXzØnepw D≠mtI≠ BhiyIX hnfn®dnbn°p∂hbmWv. 2012 ˛¬ ae¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse


51

kv{XoIƒ°v CS-hI s]mXp-tbm-K-Øn¬ thm´-h-Imiw e`y-am-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]S- n-Iƒ Bcw-`n®p Ign-™p. tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv, k`bnse kv{Xo ]¶mfnØsØ°pdn®v ]Tn∏n°phm≥ XpSßnbn´v Imetasdbmbn. kv{Xo ]pcpj th¿IrXyßƒ a\pjy\nse kzm¿∞Xbn¬ \n∂p hf¿∂phcp∂hbmWv . ]m]Øns‚ ]cnWnXêamWv Cu B[n]Xy kz`mhßƒ F∂v tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv ]Tn∏n°p∂p. At±lØns‚ Z¿i\ßfpsS Bghpw ]c∏pw hfsc {it≤bamWv: enwKhnthN\hpw B[n]Xyat\m`mhßfpw D≠mIp∂Xv F¥psIm≠v? ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobpw XΩnep≈ imcocnIamb hyXymkw kv]jvSamsW¶nepw AXv kv{Xo ]pcpj hnthN\Øn\v CSbm°cpXv. hyXykvX I¿Ωßƒ sNøp∂ kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw, Bcpw B¿°pw D]cnb√. hyXykvXw F∂m¬ Xpeyw (distinct but equal)F∂¿∞amt°≠XmWv.1 kv{Xo ]pcpj kaXzamWv th≠Xv, B[n]Xya√. XpeyXbv°pth≠nbXv {XnXz ssZhimkv{Xw, (Trinitarian theology) Bbncn°Ww ]utemkv «ol ]dbp∂ kaXzw (Ke 3: 28) bpKm¥yØn¬ e`yamIp∂XmWv. ]{¥≠v As∏mkv X e∑m¿ kv { XoIƒ C√mbncps∂¶nepw k`bn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v c≠mw ÿm\w Iev]n®nń√. tbiphns‚ amXmhn\v k`bn¬ At∏mkvtXme∑msc°mƒ D∂Xamb ÿm\amWp≈Xv. enwKhnthN\hpw B[n]Xyat\m`mhßfpw amdphm≥ {XnXzm[njvTnXamb Hcp h¿§clnX kaqlsØ Rm≥ kz]v\w ImWp∂p. kv{XoIƒ°v thZ-imkv{X ]T\w A\n-hm-cy-at√? k`-bn¬ thZ-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°p∂ kv{XoIƒ A\-h[n D≠m-IWw. CXn-\mbn kv{XoIƒ apt∂m´p hc-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°v tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ thZ-im-kv{X-]-T-\-Øn\v kuIcyw D≠m-I-W-sa∂v 1981-˛se kp∂-lt- Zmkv \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v.2 F¥p-sImt≠m kv{XoIƒ°v thZ-imkv{X hnZym-`ymkw tIm´bØv \S-∂n-√. \mK-∏q¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ s]Ïpń-Isf 2005 apX¬ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. ]t£ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ kv{XoI-fn-√. CXmWv ÿnXn. kv{XoI-fpsS thZ-imkv{X ]T-\s - Ø-°p-dn®v hym]I-amb t_m[-h¬°-cWw D≠m-I-Ww. \ΩpsS kv{XoIƒ a‰v k`bnse kv{XoI-sf-t∏mse Xs∂ thZ-imkv{X ]T-\Ø - n¬ apt∂-dWw.

52


k`m {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ kv{XoIfpsS ]¶mfnØw Fßs\? kv{XoIƒ°v k`m {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ {]m[m\yw \¬IWsa∂v AJne temI k`m Iu¨knens‚ s\bvtdm_nbn¬ \S∂ A©mw Akwªnbn¬ (1975) Bhiys∏´Xv Hm¿°p∂p. B ktΩf\Øn¬ Rm\pw k`bpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbncp∂p. kv{XoIfpsS AhImißsf°pdn®p≈ N¿®bpw Aht_m[hpw WCC bpsS Ncn{XØnse ]pXnb kw`hambncp∂p. kÌfpsS IΩ‰nIfn¬ kv{XoIƒ°p A¿ln°p∂ ÿm\w sImSp°Wsa∂v s\bvtdm_n AkwªnbmWv kÌtfmSv Blzm\w sNbvXXv.3 s\bvtdm_n ktΩf\Øn¬ Bkvt{Xenb°mcn kv{Xo {]kwKw Ahkm\n∏n®Xv Hm¿°p∂p. "{]nb ktlmZcßsf, \nßƒ°v Rßƒ ssI\ońØcp∂p. \ap°v Hcpan®v ssI]nSn®v \S°mw... F∂m¬ \nßfpsS ]ndsI \S°phm≥ C\n Rßsf In´pIbn√! B h¿jw kv{XoIƒ°v Bdn¬ c≠p ÿm\w {]nkoUnbØn¬ e`n®p. AXn\m¬ kv{XoIƒ°v A¿ln°p∂ ÿm\w sImSp°phm≥ IpSpw_ßfpw CShIIfpw k`bpw ap≥ssI FSpt°≠XmWv. "k`bn¬ kv{XoIƒ an≠mXncn°s´...' F∂ ]utemkns‚ ho£WsØ Fßs\ kao]n°p∂p? "k`bn¬ kv{XoIƒ an≠mXncn°s´' F∂Xv ]utemkns‚ kzImcy thZimkv{XamWv. hy‡n]camb Nn¥bmWv. {InkvXphns‚ Z¿i\w adn®mWv. ]utemkns‚ Z¿i\w k`bpsS HutZymKnI `mjya√. sImcn¥p k`bpsS ]›mØeØn¬ ]utemkv «ol ]d™XmWv, "k`bn¬ kv{XoIƒ kwkmcn°cpXv' F∂v. thZ]pkvXØn¬ as‰mcnSØpw ]dbp∂n√t√m. ]utemkv ]d™Xn\√ {InkvXp ]d™Xn\mWv {]m[m\yw \¬tI≠Xv. {InkvXphns‚ Dbn¿∏ns‚ kZvhm¿Ø ]t{Xmknt\mSpw a‰v injy∑mtcmSpw t]mbn ]dbm\mWv aKvZe\ adnbtbmSv tbip Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv . "an≠mXncn°m\√'. thZ]pkv X IØnse teJ\ßfm°mƒ {]m[m\yw \¬tI≠Xv kphntijßƒ°mWv (Gospel is more Christ centered). tbip{InkvXphns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ [mcmfw kv{XoIƒ ]¶p tN¿∂n´p≠v. (eqt°m 8:1˛3, am¿t°m 15-:41) {]m¿∞n°ptºmƒ kv{Xo XeaqSWw, F∂m¬ ]pcpj∑m¿ XeaqSmXncn°Ww F∂pw ]utemkv ]d™n´p≠t√m. F∂m¬ sshZnIcpw ta¬∏´°mcpw XeaqSp∂nt√? AXv sshZnIcpsS


53

ÿm\Nn”ambn k` \nivNbn®XmWv. Iev]\ ewL\a√t√m. kv{XoIƒ Bcm[\m kabØv XeaqSp∂Xv ChnSpsØ kmwkvImcnI ]›mØe ]mcºcyØnemWv. ]utemkv FgpXnbXpsIm≠√. kv{Xo˛{]IrXn _‘ßsf Fßs\ ImWp∂p? kv{Xobpw {]IrXnbpw Hcpt]msebmWv. kv{Xo AΩbmWv. {]IrXnbpw amXmhmWv. kv{Xotbbpw {]IrXnsbbpw C∂v NqjWw sNøp∂p. F√mbnShpw NqjWØns‚ kwkvImcamWv, hf¿∂p hcp∂Xv. \oXn \ntj[amWv h¿≤n°p∂Xv. kzm¿∞-X-bmWv hfcp- ∂ - X v . ]nXmhpw amXmhpw XΩnep≈ _‘wt]msebmWv kwkvImchpw {]IrXnbpambp≈Xv. ]mckv]cyXbmWv {][m\w.4 kv{XoIƒ {]kwKcwKØv FØp∂Xns\°pdn®.v...? Rm≥ Ggmw ¢m v Ign™ AhkcØn¬ Hcp h¿jtØmfw kphntijIbmb GenbmΩ DΩs‚ IqsSbmWv kphntij {]kwKßƒ \SØnbXv. "]nSt°mgn Iphp∂p' F∂v BfpIƒ Ifnbm°nbn´p≈Xv Hm¿°p∂p.5 1979 G{]n¬ 25\v tKmlńbnse UnKmdphn¬ (Digaru) ItØmen°cpsS BZnhmkn ]≈nbn¬ {]kwKn®t∏mƒ Fs‚ {]kwKw lnµnbnte°v AXoh ]mShtØmsS X¿÷a sNbvXXv Hcp s]Ïpń Bbncp∂p.6 AXn-\m¬ kv{XoIƒ {]kwK cwK-tØbv°v htc-≠X - m-Wv. {InkvXob {]kwKip{iq-j-bn¬ kv{XoIsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Xns\°pdn-®p≈ A`n-{]mbw? am¿tØmΩm k`-bnepw, kn. Fkv. sF k`-bn-ep-sa√mw kv{XoIƒ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. kv{XoIƒ°v {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw sImSp°-W-sa-∂mWv Fs‚ A`n-{]m-bw. "kv{XoIƒ k`-bn¬ an≠m-Xn-cn°p-hm≥' ]d-s™-¶n¬ AXv ]utem-kns‚ thZ-imkv{Xw (Theology) BWv. Hcp blq-Z-\mbXpsIm≠v At±lw Aßs\ ]d-™Xm-Wv. CXv k`-bpsS HutZym-KnI `mjy-a-√. sImcn¥p k`-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]d-™Xv km¿∆-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xpan√. F∂m¬ I¿Ømhv Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-tijw aKvZ-e-°mcn adn-btbmSv Rm≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ hnhcw ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSpw a‰pw ]dbm≥ ]d-™p. ChnsS c£m-kp-hn-ti-jsØ {]kw-Kn-°p-hm-\mWv kv{Xosb I¿Ømhv Blzm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. kv{XoIƒ°v thZ]-T\ ¢m p- I ƒ \S- Ø p- h m≥ t{]m’m- l \w \¬I- W w. IqSp- X ¬ kv{XoIƒ Cu cwK-tØbv°v hc-Ww.

54


]utemkv ]d-™X - ns\ hna¿i-\m-flI - a - mbn (Critical) ImW-Ww. {InkvXp-]d - ™ X - n\v H∂mw ÿm\w \evIW - w. AXp-sIm≠v kv{XoIƒ°v k`-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw \evtI-≠Xv Bh-iy-amWv. kv{Xo˛]pcpj˛a°ƒ kaXzw Fßs\ hnebncp∂p? "kv{Xo ]pcpj kaXzw am{Xw' F∂Xnt\mSv F\n°v tbmPn∏n√. kv{XoIfpsS cmjv{Sob kzmX{¥yhpw kv{Xo ]pcpj kaXzhpw hfsc N¿® sNøs∏Sps∂¶nepw Fs‚ A`n{]mbØn¬ AΩ, A∏t\°mƒ Hcp Un{Kn ap∂nemWv. ImcWw kvt\ln°phm≥ Ignhp≈Xv AΩbmWv. A∏t\°mƒ Ip™pßsf kvt\ln°p∂Xv AΩamcmWv. AXn\memWv Ip™pßƒ°v AΩamtcmSv kvt\lw h¿≤n°p∂Xv. A∏\pw AΩbpw XpeycmsW∂v ]dbp∂Xv icnb√. kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw Ip™pßfpw tNcp∂XmWv Hcp "^manen' bqWn‰v. CXns‚ ASnÿm\w hnip≤ {XnXzw BWv. kaXzØns‚ amXrI {XnXzamWv. A∏\pw AΩbpw Ip™pßfpw D≈ Hcp ^manen bqWn‰n¬ kaXzw D≠mIWw. kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw IpńIfpw H∂n°p∂nSØmWv kaXzw ]q¿ÆamIp∂Xv. Fs‚ Hcp ]pkvXIØn¬ {XnXzsØ IpSpw_tØmSv XmcXays∏SpØnbn´p≠v. Hcp Hm¿ØtUmIvkv _nj∏v AXns\ FXn¿Øncp∂p. {XnXzsØ IpSpw_tØmSv D]an®ncn°p∂ Fs‚ ]T\w hfsc {]mtbmKnIamWv. kaXzhpw kvt\lhpw ]¶nSoepw PohnXØn¬ amXrIbmbn kzoIcn°phm≥ {XnXzw A√msX as‰¥p≠v? kn≤m¥hpw {]tbmKhpw ka\zbn∏n®Xv {InkvXphmWv. ssZhcmPy kn≤m¥ßsf efnXamb PohnX amXrIIfneqsS {InkvXp {]mtbmKnIam°n. CXv Ct∏mƒ Akm[yambnØocp∂p F∂XmWv thZimkv{Xw t\cnSp∂ sh√phnfn. {XnXzØnse kvt\lsØ°pdn®v ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ kvt\lØns‚ PohnXamXrI {]mtbmKnIam°phm≥ IgnbWw F∂¿∞w. kv{Xo ]¶m-fnØw \ntj-[n-®-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ Hcp {]m¿∞\ D≠-t√m... ? Fs‚ Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]m¿∞\-I-fp-≠v. AXn¬ kv{XoI-sf-°p-dn®pw {]m¿∞\ ImWpw: ""k`-bpsS ip{iq-jm-cw-KØpw t\Xr-Xz-X-e-ß-fnepw kv{XoIƒ°v A¿l-amb ÿm\w \¬Im-™-Xn-\m¬ RßtfmSv £an-°-W-ta. k`-bpsS hnhn[ t{iWn-I-fn¬ Ign-hp‰ h\n-XI - ƒ D≠m-bn´pw Ahsc A¿l-amb coXn-bn¬ AwKo-I-


55

cn-°p-hm≥ Rßƒ°v Ign-™n-ń-√-t√m. kv{XoIƒ°v k÷oh-amb ]¶m-fnØw sImSp°mhp∂ hnhn[ taJ-eI - ƒ k`-bn¬ D≠m-bn´pw Bh-iy-amb coXn-bn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-hm≥ Rßƒ°v Ign-™n-ń√m F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p..... ''7 ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

h¿§clnX kaqlw pp 15-16 ]. kp∂-l-tZmkv \n›bw: ""k`-bnse aT-ß-fnse kntÃ-gvkv, a¿Ø-a-dnbw kamPw {]h¿Ø-I¿, ho´-Ω-am¿ XpSßn h\n-X-Iƒ°mbn ]gb skan-\m-cn-bnse tkm^nbm sk‚-dn¬ h®v thZ-]-T\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[y-X-I-sf-∏‰n ]cnNn-¥\w sNø-W-sa-∂p≈ sshZnI skan-\mcn ^m°¬‰n-bpsS A`y¿∞\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°mbn {]tXyI ¢m p-Iƒ FSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS hmb-\bv°pw ]T-\-Øn-\p-ambn sse{_dn kuI-cy-s∏-SpØn sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw skan-\mcn A[n-Ir-Xtc Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØWsa∂v \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' 1981-˛se ]. kp∂-l-tZmkv \n›-bw. 1976-˛83 hsc-bp≈ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂l-tZmkv \n›-b-ßƒ No. 8, P. 39. see, www.malankaraorthodox.tv. \mev `qJWvUßfneqsS \mev]Xp bm{XIƒ, sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥ _p°v Unt∏m, amthen°c, 1993 p. 75 \mep `qJWvUßfneqsS \mev]Xp bm{XIƒ. p.153 AioXn P∑-Zn\ ˛ sa{Xm≥ ÿm\m-tcm-lW cP-X-Pq-_nen kvac-Wn-I. p. 203 \mep `qJWvUßfneqsS \mev]Xp bm{X-Iƒ p. 103 91 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, 2005, p. 72 (9 sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010)

56


8

]¶nSo¬ IpńIfneqsS tUm.

KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ hfsc sNdp∏Ønte kphntij {]h¿Ø\ßtfmSv hfsc B`napJyw ]pe¿Øn. k©mc kphntij {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]¶ptN¿∂p. hoSphoSm¥cw kphntij ktµiw Adnbn°phm\pw {]m¿∞n°phm\pw apXn¿∂htcmsSm∏w t]mIpambncp∂p. "tPm¿PpIpń' F∂ t]cn¬ {]ikvXn t\Sn. t]cnt\msSm∏w AΩbpsS ho´pt]cpw tN¿ØmWv \mń¬ Adnbs∏´Xv. "Ctg-°-S-hn¬ tPm¿PvIpń', k©mc kphntijØn\mbn Hcp Znhkw amth-en-°-c-bnse sNdptIm¬ {KmaØn¬ IqSn AXnio{Lw t]mIpIbmbncp∂p. Im°IfpsS _lfw tI´mWv tPm¿PvIpń B `mKtØ°v {i≤n®Xv. Hcp Ip™ns‚ icocw Im°Iƒ sImØn∏dn°p∂ _o`’amb ImgvNbmWv tPm¿PvIpń I≠Xv. IÆpIƒ IqńbS®p. GtXm AΩ Dt]£n® Ip™mbncp∂p AXv. Ip™v \n¿÷ohambt∏mƒ Im°Iƒ°v `£Wambn ˛ Cu s]mt∂ma\ ss]X¬! C∂pw Ip™pßsf Dt]£n°mdnt√? s]Ïp™pßsf ...? "AΩsXmńen¬' FØnt®cp∂Xv F{Xtbsd Ip™pßfmWv. tPm¿PvIpńbpsS lrZbsØ apdns∏SpØnb Hcp kw`hamWnXv. At\I cm{XnIfn¬ Cu cwKw tPm¿PvIpńsb Akzÿam°n. A\mY Ip™pßƒ°pth≠n Fs¥¶nepw DSs\ sNøWsa∂ Bibw a\ nepZn®p. C\nbpw Hcp Ip™n\pw CØcw Hc\p`hw D≠mIphm≥ CSbmIcpXv. Aßs\bmWv tPm¿PvIpńbpsS a\ n¬ kphntijhpw anj\pw _me`h\pw CSw t\SnbXv . ap∏Xmw hb nemWv (1947) tPm¿PpIpń siΩm-ip]´w G¬°p∂Xv. Atacn-°-bnse D]cn ]T-\-Øn-\p-tijw sshZn-I-\mbn. DS≥Xs∂ ae_m- d n- t e- ° p≈ bm{X- b n¬ 1956- ˛ ¬ ]qX∏mSnbn¬ _me`h≥


57

Bcw`n°p∂Xn\mbn 25 G°¿ ÿew Is≠Øn. Ct∏mƒ AhnsS 90 G°¿ ÿew D≠v. hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬ _me`h\pIƒ, BXpc t£a{]h¿Ø\ßƒ, Aº-Xn¬∏cw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ...! tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ Hkv X mØntbmkv Xncp- t a- \ n- b psS {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS kp{][m\ taJebmWv _me`h≥. cmPyØns‚ hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬ hyXykvX hn`mKØn¬s∏´ _me˛_menIm `h\pIƒ D≠v. At±lw Ip™pßsf kvt\ln°p∂p. Ah¿°mbn {]m¿∞n°p∂p. Ahsc kwc£n°p∂p. th¿XncnhpIfn√msX ssZhkvt\lw ]¶nSp∂p. tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\nbpsS kulrZ hebØn¬s∏Sp∂ BZy hn`mKw IpńIfmWv. Ahsc I≠m¬ ASpØp hnfn°pw, tNmZyßƒ tNmZn°pw, thZ]pkvXI hmIyw ]Tn∏n°pw. "Rm≥ tbiphns‚ Ip™mbn hfcpw' F∂v Ahscs°m≠v G‰p ]dbn∏n°pw. anTmbn sImSp°pw, AXv ]ckv]cw ]¶nSphm≥ ]Tn∏n°pw. ]ns∂ AhcpsS Xebn¬ ssIsh®v {]m¿∞n°pw. F√m Ip™pßsfbpw kulrZ hebØnem°pw. ssZhkv t \lØns‚bpw ]¶nSoens‚bpw XXzimkv { Xw Ip™pßsf ]Tn∏n°p∂Xn¬ AXoh Pm{KXbmWv At±lw ]pe¿Øp∂Xv. IpńIfpsS AhImihpw ]¶mfnXzhpw Gsd N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂ Cu ImeL´Øn¬ IpńIsf°pdn®p≈ Nne ImgvN∏mSpIƒ ]¶nSp∂p:

IpńIfn¬ ]¶nSo¬ (sharing)kz`mhw hf¿Øn FSp°phm≥ F¥p sNøWw? IpńIsf°pdn®v C∂sØ amXm]nXm°ƒ°v th≠{X {i≤bpt≠m F∂Xv kwibamWv. Ip™pßsf°mƒ amXm]nXm°ƒ°v ]WamWv {][m\w. Fs‚ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ thZ]pkvXIw hmbn®v {]m¿∞n°msX Fs‚ AΩ F\n°v AØmgw XcØn√mbncp∂p. Ct∏mgsØ AΩam¿ Aßs\ sNøpsa∂v tXm∂p∂n√. Ip™pßƒ \∂mIWsa¶n¬ AΩam¿ \∂mIWw. AΩamcn¬ \n∂mWv \√ Ip™pßƒ P\n°p∂Xv. GXp alm∑mtcmSp tNmZn®mepw Ah¿ ]dbpw: "AΩbmWv Fs∂ kzm[o\n®Xv.' IpSpw_w sNdnb LSIamWv(Family is a small unit). A∏\pw AΩbpw \∂mImsX Ip™pßƒ \∂mIØn√. IpSpw_]camb ]¶nSo¬ D≠mIWw. AXv IpSp_Øn¬ ]Tn∏n°Ww. Ip™pßsf H‰s∏SpØcpXv. C∂tØXv h¿§ k{ºZmbamWv. Atacn°bn¬ BWpw-s]Æpw H∂n®v Pohn°p∂ "kl-hmk k{ºZmbw' D≠v

58


(living together). Ch¿°v Ip™pßƒ th≠. CXv Fßs\ \ymboIcn°phm≥ Ignbpw. CØcw k{ºZmbw tIcfØnepw Bbn F∂dnbp∂p. kl-hm-k-Øn¬ "skIvkv am{Xw aXn' F∂Xv ssZhnIa√. AXv arKßfptSXmWv. Ip™pßfmWv ssZhØns‚ G‰hpw henb hcZm\w. \nßƒ°v e`n®ncn°p∂ Ip™v ]Xn\mbncw tImSn cq]mtb°mƒ hepXmWv. tImSnIƒ kz¿§Øn¬ sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]‰ptam? Ip™pßsf Fs‚ ASp°¬ hcphm≥ hnSphn≥ F∂mWt√m I¿Ømhns‚ samgnIƒ... ssZhØns‚ G‰hpw henb Zm\w {InkvXphmWv. {InkvXphns‚ G‰hpw ASpØp≈ ÿm\w Ip™n\mWv. (Christ is the greatest gift of God, Child is next to Christ, the greatest gift of God). Ip™n\mWv {]m[m\yw. CXp a\ nem°n amXm]nXm°ƒ Ip™pßƒ°v H∏w kabw ]¶nSm≥ Ahkcw \¬Ip∂pt≠m F∂v kzbw ]cntim[n°Ww. IpSpw_{]m¿∞\ Ct∏mƒ C√t√m. ]ns∂ Fßs\bmWv Ip™ns\m∏w kabw ]¶nSp∂Xv? Atacn°bn¬ Rm≥ Hcp Ip™nt\mSv tNmZn®p hoń¬ IpSpw_ {]m¿∞\ Dt≠m? Ah≥ adp]Sn ]d™p: "When dady is at home, mummy is at work; when mummy is at home, dady is at work. When mummy and dady are at home, we are in the school. Cu Ahÿ tIcfØnse \mń≥]pdßfnepw Bbn. IpSpw_ {]m¿∞\ \jvSs∏´pt]mIp∂ Hcp kwhn[m\w hf¿∂p hcp∂Xv B]ØmWv. AXv Ip™pßsf kmcambn _m[n°pw. Ip™pßsf k∑m¿§ imkv{Xw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xns‚ {]m[m\yw? Ip™pßsf thZ]pkvXIw ]Tn∏n°mØ kvIqfpIfnse B≤ymflnIX XIcpw. kvIqfpIfn¬ {Iaambn k∑m¿§ imkv{Xw ]Tn∏n°Ww. sk°pednkw kaqlsØ XI¿°pIbmWv. Ip™pßsf [m¿ΩnIambn \in∏n°pIbmWv. B≤ymflnIX th≠ sk°pednkw aXn F∂mWv C∂sØ ap{ZmhmIyw. CXv henb B]ØmWv. CXv ss]imNnIXbmWv. ssZhw C√mØ temIsØ°pdn®v Fßs\ Nn¥n°phm≥ Ignbpw. Ip™pßsf B≤ymflnIambn hf¿ØWw. k¨tUkvIqƒ ]Tn∏n°Ww. C°mcyØn¬ amXm]nXm°ƒ Dt]£ hnNmcn°cpXv. Ip™pßsf Fßs\ ImWp∂p? Fs‚ _me`h\ßfn¬ A\h[n Ip™pßƒ D≠v. BWpw s]Æpw D≠v. F√mw Fs‚ Ip™pßfmWv. Ahsc F√mw Rm≥


59

kvt\ln°p∂p. Ah¿°pth≠n {]m¿∞n°p∂p. Fs‚ _me`h\Ønse Ip™pßƒ HmSnt∏mImdn√. Ah¿°v ssZhnI kvt\lw ]I¿∂p sImSp°p∂ I\ymkv{XoIfpw AΩamcpw {_Zd∑mcpw D≠v. ssZhkvt\lw ]Icp∂Xn\mbn C¥ybnse F√m kwÿm\ßfnepw k`m hIbmbn _menI˛_me`h\ßƒ Bcw`n°Ww F∂mWv Fs‚ B{Klw. "_me`h\Ønse Ip™pßƒ F√mw Fs‚ Ip™pßƒ BWv.' \mw Ahsc kvt\ln°p∂p, Ah¿ \Ωtfbpw kvt\ln°p∂p. ssZhnIamb kvt\lw sImSpØmWv Ahsc hf¿Øp∂Xv. Ahsc amtamZokm ap°p∂Xn\v F\n°v Xmev]cyw C√. kvt\lØns‚ aXamWv Fs‚ ssZhimkv{Xw. Cu Ip™pßsf kvt\ln®m¬ aXn. aXw amt‰≠ Imcyan√. ZºXnIƒ°v "Ct∏mƒ Ip™pßsf th≠' F∂ Bibw h¿≤n°p∂t√m? Hcmƒ AhnhmlnX\mbn Pohn°phm≥ B{Kln°ps∂¶n¬ XS an√. ]s£ k\ymknbmIWw. hnhmlw Ign®n´v Ip™ns√¶n¬ ZsØSp°Ww. Ip™pßsf \ntj[n°p∂h¿ Iym]n‰enÃmWv. "Ip™pßsf th≠m' F∂p shbv°p∂h\pw kzm¿∞\mWv. Ip™pßƒ C√mØ ZºXnIƒ Ip™pßsf ZsØSpØv, kvt\lw ]¶nSWw. kvt\lw ]¶nSptºmƒ am{Xta PohnXw A¿∞]q¿ÆamIq. Ip™pßsf Fßs\ hf¿ØWw? C∂sØ temIw PohnX aqeyßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv. AΩam¿ Ip™pßsf icn°v hf¿Øp∂n√. P\n®v \mep amkw Ignbp∂Xp apX¬ Ip™ns‚ kz`mh cq]oIcWw D≠mIp∂p. B Ip™n\v ape∏m¬ sImSp°Ww. a‰v ]mep sImSpØm¬ Ip™v \∂mbn hcn√. Ignbpsa¶n¬ c≠v hb phsc Ip™n\v ape∏m¬ sImSp°Ww. Ip™ns\ AhKWn°p∂ A∏\pw AΩbv°pw B Ip™v t]mbn. a°sf Bflobcm°mØ amXm]nXm°ƒ a°sf \in∏n°p∂hcmWv. Ip™pßƒ°v BZyw \¬tI≠Xv Ir]bmWv ˛ ssZhIr]. AXn\ptijw aXn hnizmkw. ssZhIr]bnepw ssZhhnizmkØnepw Ip™pßsf hf¿ØWw. \oXn-bnepw kXy-Ønepw hf¿ØWw. kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-X-bn¬ hf¿Ø-Ww. (23 \hw-_¿ 2003)

60


9

tkmjyen-khpw kvt\l-Øns‚ BtKm-f-Xbpw B{^n°, em‰n≥ Atacn°, sImdnb F∂nhnSßfn¬ hf¿∂ hntamN\ ssZhimkv{XØns‚ ]›mØeØnemWv C¥ybn¬ ZenXv thZimkv{Xw i‡ns∏´Xv. hnhn[ XcØn¬ ]oV\w A\p`hn°p∂ P\XbpsS ka{Kamb hntamN\amWv apJy e£yw. ZenXv kaqlØns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ae¶ck`bn¬ "hnPmXob anj≥', {_“-hm¿an-j≥, "…o_m Zmk kaqlw', sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥, DØ-tc-¥y≥ anj≥ F∂o t]cp-I-fn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂p. "ZenX¿°pth≠n ZenXcn¬ \n∂p≈ ZenXcpsS thZimkv{Xambn' hymJym\n°s∏Sp∂ps≠¶nepw ZenXcpsS ka{K hntamN\amWv ASnÿm\w. tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\n ZenXv hntamN\sØ°pdn®pw tkmjy-en-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ImgvN∏mSv ]¶nSp∂p: ZenXv P\XtbmSv Fßs\ GIo`hn°phm≥ Ignbpw? em‰n≥ Atacn°bnse hntamN\ ssZhimkv{Xhpw (Liberation Theology) sImdnbbnse an©pßv XntbmfPnbpw(Minguing Theology) kuØv B{^n°bnse IdpØ ssZhimkv{Xhpw (Black Theology) i‡ns∏´ ]›mØeØnemWv ZenXv ssZhimkv{Xw (Dalit Theology)C¥ybn¬ hf¿∂p h∂Xv. C∂v thZimkv{X cwKØv am{Xa√, kmaqlnI imkv{XØnepw cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø\Ønepw F√mw ZenXv Z¿i\hpw {]mXn\n[yhpw i‡ns∏ńcn°pIbmWv. a¿±nX P\XsbbmWv Ch A¿∞am°p∂Xv. thZimkv{Xw hftc≠Xv ASn®a¿Øs∏´hcpw, \ni_vZcpw, a¿±nXcpw, Ahicpamb P\hn`mKßfn¬ \n∂mWv. (C∂v Cu ]Zßƒ F√mw ZenXv Z¿i\ßfn¬ \ntj[n®n´p≠v). tbip a\pjymhXmcØn¬ GIo`hn®Xv CØcw P\hn`mKtØmSmWv. kZvh¿Øam\w Ah¿°mWv tbip Adnbn®Xv. kº∂


61

hn`mKw ssZhØne√ kzØnemWv kpc£nXmhÿ ImWp∂Xv. Ah¿°v ssZhi_vZw tIƒ°m≥, Ahcpw Zcn{ZtcmSv GIo`hn°Ww.1 "Zcn{ZtcmSv kphntijw Adnbn®m¬ t]mcm Zcn{ZcpsS kphntijw [\hm∑m¿ tIƒ°pIbpw thWw'.2 anj≥ Zcn{ZtcmSv, ZenXtcmSv , GIo`hn°p∂XmIWw F∂¿∞w. tbiphns‚ a\pjymhXmc amXrIbmWv (^nen. 2:5˛10) Cu GIo`mhØnep≈Xv. k`bn¬ ZenXv hn`mKßfpsS hnImkw Fßs\ km[yamIpw? ae¶c k`bnse ZenXv hn`mKßsf D≤cn°phm\mbn ]. ]cpae Xncpta\nbpw (1848- ˛ 1902) ]t{Xmkv am¿ Hkv X mØntbmkv Xncpta\nbpw (1886-˛1968) "hfsc' A≤zm\n®p. ZenXtcmSv Ch¿ hy‡amb ho£WØn¬ {]h¿Øn®p. ]n∂oSv Cu hn`mKsØ am{Xw tI{µoIcn®v {]h¿Ø\ßƒ hym]n°phm≥ k`bv°v t\XrXzw C√msX t]mbn. ZenXv hn`mKßtfmSv k`bv°p≠mb Xmev]cyan√mbva hfscbmWv. Ahsc k`bpsS AwKßfmbn IcpXpIbpw klmbn°pIbpw sNøWw. ZenXv P\Xbv°pth≠n A¿∏WtØmSpw B≤ymfloIXtbmSpw {]h¿Øn°phm≥ k∂≤amb Hcp "anj\dn hn`mKw' i‡ns∏SWw. Ch¿ ZenXsc am{Xw tI{µoIcn®v {]h¿Øn°pIbpw t\XrXzw sImSp°pIbpw sNøWw. AhcpsS AhImißƒ°mbn t]mcmSpIbpw thWw. ZenXv hn`mKØn¬s∏´ AwKßƒ°v k`bpsS hnhn[ kanXnIfn¬ {]mXn\n[yw \¬IWw. C°mcyØn¬ bmsXmcp Dt]£bpw hnNmcn°cpXv. `mhnbn¬ tZinb XeØn¬ ZenXv {]ÿm\ßƒ°v t\XrXzw \evIphm≥ Ignhp‰h¿ hf¿∂p hcWw. ZenXtcmSp≈ th¿IrXyßƒ k`bn¬ \n∂pw kaqlØn¬ \n∂pw am‰Ww. ZenXv hn`mKßƒ°mbn {]h¿Øn®Xv Fßs\bmWv? ZenXv P\XbpsS hnIk\Øn\pth≠n hmZn®Xnt\°mƒ A[nIambn {]h¿Øn°phm\mWv Rm≥ B{Kln®Xv. k` Bcw`n® hnhn[ anj≥ {]ÿm\ßƒ ZenXv P\XbpsS hnIk\Øn\p≈XmWv. ]mhs∏´hcpsS PohnXm`nhr≤nbmWv e£yw. IΩyqWnkØns‚ {]mcw`tØmsSbmWv ]mhßsf°pdn®p≈ Nn¥ kaqlØn¬ hf¿∂Xv. Zcn{ZcpsSbpw ASn®a¿Øs∏´hcpsSbpw am{Xw hntamN\a√, ZenXcpsS ka{Kamb hntamN\amWv Bhiyw. ZenXv cmjv{Sob ]m¿ńIƒ C¥ybn¬ i‡ns∏SpIbmWv. cmjv{SobA[nImcØn\p≈ t]mcmámWnXv. cmjv{Sob A[nImcßƒ e`n® kwÿm\ßƒ t\m°nbmepw ZenX¿ C∂pw \nXy Zmcn{ZyØnemWv. ZenXcpsS hntamN\w km[yamIp∂Xv hnZy`ymkØneqsSbmWv. F√m hn`mKw ZenXcpsSbpw hnIk\w ê{]Zam-

62


°phm≥ k¿°mcn\pw k`°pw DØchmZnXzw D≠v. ZenXcpsS AhImi \ntj[ßƒ°v FXntc kÌƒ DW¿∂v {]h¿Øn°Ww. ]cnÿnXn {]iv\ßƒ F¥psIm≠v? Hcp \yq\]£w kpJtemep]¿ kaqlØn¬ \oXn]q¿∆amb DØchmZnXzw \n¿∆ln°mØXn\m¬ kºØv Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøpIbmWv. Ch¿ BVw`chpw B¿`mShpw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\m¬ Zmcn{Zhpw ]cnÿnXn {]Xnk‘nbpw D≠mIp∂p. Ct∏mgp≈ ]cnÿnXn {]iv\ßƒ A`napJoIcn°phm≥ imkv{Xobambn ]Tnt°≠Xp≠v1. HmtcmcpØcpw a‰p≈hsc IcpXpIbpw kzm¿∞Xbpw Akqbbpw B¿`mShpw Hgnhm°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ CØcw {]Xnk‘nIsf AXnPohn°mw. CXv {InkvXobamb Hcp DØchmZnXzw IqSnbmWv. anj≥ cwKsØ hnhn[ Nmcn‰_nƒ {SÃns\°pdn®v Fßs\ hnebncpØp∂p ssZhIr]bm¬ ]Øp \mev]Xp Nmcn‰_nƒ t{]mPIvSpIƒ D≠v. Rm≥ Nmcn‰_nƒ {SÃpIƒ sIm≠v Xr]vXns∏SmØbmfmWv. Rm≥ kmaqlnI \oXn°pw (social justice) ]¶nSoen\pw (sharing) kvt\lØn\pw (love) {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂p. {XntbI ssZhØns‚ GIX kvt\lambXpt]mse "kvt\lØns‚ Hcp anj≥' D≠mIWw. kaXzhpw (equality) ]¶nSoepw D≈ Hcp temIw hfcWw. CXn\mbn kvt\l-Øns‚ hnπhmflIbmb ]cnh¿Ø\w (radical change) D≠mIWw. ssZhkvt\lw ]¶nSp∂Xn\v Nmcn‰n Hcp {]Xnhn[nb√ (solution). kºØv F√mh¿°pw \oXn]q¿∆w ]¶nSm\p≈ a\ v D≠mIWw. Zcn{Z¿ kwc£n°s∏SWw. "\ns∂t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°mcs\bpw kvt\ln°Ww' F∂ XØzw {]mtbmKnIam°Ww. \ns‚ Ab¬°mc≥ Zcn{Z\msW¶n¬ \obpw Zcn{Z\mIWw. \ns‚ kzØv Zcn{Z¿°mbn ]¶nSphm≥ IgnbWw. bYm¿∞ {InkvXobX ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv kmaqlnI \oXnbmWv ]¶nSoemWvv. Nmcn‰nb√. F∂m¬ Nmcn‰n XpSßmw. Zimwiw am‰nsh®v kXv{]h¿Ø\ßƒ Bcw`n°mhp∂XmWv. efnX PohnXap≈h¿°v Zimwiw ]¶nSm\p≈a\ p≠mIpw. bYm¿∞ {InkvXym\nbpsS amXrI tbip {InkvXphmWv. efnXamb PohnXØns‚ amXrIbmWv AXv. sIm´mcØne√ {InkvXp P\n®Xv, IpSnenemWv. {InkvXp ]ipsXmńen¬ P\n®p. km[mcW°mtcmSv GIo`hn®p. AXpt]mse k` km[mcW°mtcmSv XmZmflys∏SWw. "_q¿jzm


63

k`' {InkvXoba√. "kz¿Æ Ipcnipw' "IncoSßfpw' sX‰mWv. ]ńWn ]mhßƒ°mbn Ah hn¬°Ww. B¿`mShpw BVw`chpw k`bnepw kaq-lØ - nepw Ahkm\n∏n°Ww. anj\v ]Ww Bh-iy-at√? anj≥ {]h¿Ø\Øn\v ]Ww Hcp {]iv\a√. BfpIsfbmWv th≠Xv. hnizkvXcpw {]Xn_≤cpamb HcpIq´w BfpIƒ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\Øn\mbn apt∂m´v hcWw. anj≥ s{Sbn\nßv sk‚dn¬ 12 t]sc ]Tn∏n°phm≥ kwhn[m\w D≠v. F∂m¬ BhiyØn\v {]h¿ØIsc e`n°p∂n√. Hcp ItØmen°m `h\Øn¬ Rm≥ t]mbn. GIaI≥ am{Xw. skan\mcnbn¬ t]mbncn°pIbmWv. Rm≥ tNmZn®p: IpSpw_w \n∂p t]mIØn√tbm? Ah¿ ]d™p, Xncpta\n, ""CutimbpsS k` \n∂p t]mIptam''?. AXmWv ItØmen°¿. Hcp Ipt™ Ds≈¶nepw ssZhØn\p sImSp°pw. F√m a°tfbpw sImSp°pw. Hcp IpSpw_Øn¬ \n∂p F{Xt]cmWv k`bpsS ip{iqjIcmbn hcp∂Xv. sshZnIcpw I\ymkv{XoIfpw sa{Xm∑mcpw F√mw D≠mIp∂p. ]W-a√ {]h¿Ø-I-cmWv Bh-iyw. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS anj≥ Z¿i\w Fß-s\-bmWv? k`bv°v Bcm[\bmWv {]m[m\yw. anj≥ ]n∂oSmWv. F∂m¬ Bcm[\bpw anj\pw H∂n®p sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ IgnbWw. Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`mkaqlw apgph\pw Hcp Bcm[\m kaqlØns‚ kz`mhamWv \ne\n¿Øp∂Xv . F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ CXp amdnbn´p≠v. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bn¬ 1979emWv Hcp "anj≥ skmssk‰n' D≠mIp∂Xv. Rm≥ AXns‚ {]knU‚mWv. `{Zmk\ NpaXehns´¶nepw anj≥ t_m¿Uns‚ NpaXe hln°p∂p. `{Zmk\ `cWØn¬ \n∂pw Rm≥ hncan®p. AXn\m¬ kn∂Unepw amt\Pnßv IΩ‰nbnepw Rm≥ AwKa√. skan\mcnbn¬ Rm≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. anj\pw skan\mcnbpw F\n°p aXn. F√mw \∑bv°mWv. k`-bpsS anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ hym]Iam°p∂Xn\v {][m\ ]¶phln°p∂Xv sshZnIcmWv. Cu cwKØv sshZnI¿ IqSpX¬ ipjv I m¥n ImWn°Ww. anj≥ {]h¿Ø\Øn\v sshZnI¿ {]m[m\yw \¬IWw. k`-bpsS ipiq-jm-cw-Kt- Ø°v hcp∂ F√mh¿°pw sshZnI\mIphm≥ B{Klap≠v. F∂m¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\tØmSv hnc‡nbmWv. kphntijmebØnse \√hÆw {]kwKn°p∂h¿ sN∂mepw Nne sshZnI¿ ]≈nbn¬ {]kwKn°phm≥ Ahkcw sImSp°mdn√.

64


Ip∏mbw C´m¬ {]kwKn°phm≥ Ahkcw sImSp°pw. sshZnI¿ "Aflmb t{]£nXXzw' hnizkn°p∂n√m F∂p tXm∂nt∏mIpw. 1979 apX¬ ChnsS ]Tn® anj\dnamcn¬ 30 e[nIw t]¿ Ct∏mƒ sshZnIcmbn hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂p. A\-h-[n-t∏¿ anj-\-dn-am-cm-bn-´p-≠v. anj≥ ]T\-Øn\pw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS A`mhw hf-sc-bm-Wv. tkmjyenkØns‚ ssZhimkv{Xw F¥mWv Rm\nt∏mƒ tkmjyenksØ°pdn®v ho≠pw Nn¥n°pIbmWv. aq∂p XcØnep≈ tkmjyenÃv Nn¥Ifp≠v. sk°pe¿ tkmjyenkw, aX]camb tkmjyenkw, {InkvXob tkmjyenkw. sk°pe¿ tkmjyenkØn¬s∏Sp∂XmWv IΩyqWn hpw Iym]n‰enkhpw. ChnsS c≠nSØpw ssZhØn\v ÿm\an√. F∂m¬ dneoPnbkv tkmjyenkØn¬ ssZhØn\v ÿm\ap≠v. {InkvXob tkmjyenkØn¬ A¿∞am°p∂Xv F√mhcpsSbpw ssZhamb tbip{InkvXphns\°pdn®mWv. AXv kvt\lØns‚ tkmjyenkamWv. CXmWv ]pXnb Xeapdbn¬ F√mh¿°pw th≠Xv. BtKmfXeØn¬ kvt\lØns‚ kmtlmZcyw hfcWw. tkmjyenkØns‚ ASnÿm\w {XnXzØnemWv Rm≥ ImWp∂Xv. CXn\v A[nImc t{iWnbn√ (hierarchy). IΩyqWnkw hfsc sk°pedmbnt∏mbn. F∂m¬ tkmjyenkw sk°ped√. "ssZhØns‚ F√mw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ°v thWw' F∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂XmWv tkmjyenkw. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n tkmjyentÃm IΩyqWntÃm? Rm≥ tkmjyenÃmWv. IΩyqWnÃ√. IΩyqWnkw \ncoizcXzambXn\m¬ AXv sX‰mWv. IΩyqWnkØn¬ Hcp s]mXphmb ]nXmhn√ (Common father). ]nXmhn√msX, a°fn√. ktlmZcßfn√. BtKmf kmtlmZcyw hcØn√. IΩyqWnkØn¬ kmtlmZcyan√. kJm°sfbp≈q. ssZhhnizmkw Ds≠¶nse kmtlmZcyw ]q¿ÆamIq. ssZhIr]bn¬ hfcptºmƒ am{Xta F√mhscbpw ktlmZc∑mcpw ktlmZcnamcpambn IcpXphm≥ Ignbq. ssZhan√mØh¿ arKamWv. AXv \n¿Ω\pjyXzamWv. IΩyqWnkamWv. Iym]n‰enkhpamWv. ChnsS Fßpw a\pjyXzan√. \n¿Ω\pjyXzamWv. F√m kzm¿∞Xbpw arKobamWv. Rm\pw a°fpw F∂Xv arKobamWv. Rm\pw Ab¬°mcpw F∂Xv kmtlmZcyØnt‚XmWv. CXv ssZhnIamWv. kmaq-lnI ip{iq-j-Ifpw CShI ip{iqjIfpw \n¿∆lnt°≠Xv i_fw t\m°ntbm \nbaw


65

t\m°ntbm A√. kvt\lw t\m°nbmIWw. At∏mƒ am{Xta ssZhkvt\lw ]¶nSphm≥ km[n°q. ssZhkvt\lw ]¶nSp∂ CSambncn°Ww CShI. AXncpIfn√mØ ssZh kvt\lambncn°Ww ]¶ntS-≠Xv. F√mh¿°pw kvt\lw ]¶nSp∂ hyhÿnXn CS-h-I-bn¬ D≠mIWw. AXv kaq-l-Øn-te°v hym]n-°-Ww. PohnXØn¬ ]Tn∏n®Xpw ]Tn®Xpw F¥mWv? Fs‚ PohnXØn¬ Rm≥ ]Tn®Xpw ]Tn∏n®Xpw kzm¿∞X sX‰msW∂p≈ ]mTamWv. kvt\lamWv c£. ]nimNv kzm¿∞\pw ssZhw kvt\lhpamWv. kzm¿∞sc√mw ss]imNnIXbpsSXmWv. kvt\ln°p∂hsc√mw ssZhnIcmWv. kvt\ln°p∂ F√mhcpw {InkvXym\nIfmWv. kvt\ln°p∂ \ncoizc\pw Ahnizmknbpw {InkvXym\nbmWv. injy∑m¿°v {InkvXym\nIƒ F∂p t]cp≠mbn F∂v ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. "I¿Ømhv' ]dbp∂Xv "\nßƒ°v XΩn¬ XΩn¬ kvt\lw Ds≠-¶n¬ \nßƒ Fs‚ injy∑m¿ F∂v Adnbs∏Spw'(tbm-l. 13:35). kvt\lØn¬ hkn®m¬ {InkvXphns‚ injy∑m¿ F∂v hnfn°-s∏-Spw. {InkvXphns‚ injy∑mcmWv {InkvXym\nIƒ. ChnsS ssZhw PmXntbm aXtam H∂pw t\m°p∂n√. a\pjy¿ kvt\ln°p∂pt≠m? kvt\ln®ncp∂pthm F∂p am{Xta A¥y\ymbhn[nbn¬ tNmZn°pIbp≈q. XΩn¬ XΩn¬ kvt\ln-°p∂ kaq-lØ - n¬ F√mhcpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-Wv. Cu "{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ' F∂Xv ]cn-an-Xamb A¿∞-Øn-ep-≈-X-√. BtKmf kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-s‚-Xm-Wv. PmXob th¿Xn-cp-hp-Iƒ°v A∏p-d-am-Wv. A¥y-\ym-b-hn-[n-bn¬ hnizmkhpw IqZmibpw H∂pw tNmZn°Øn√. "\nßƒ kvt\lnt®m' F∂p am{Xw ssZhw At\zjn°pw. A¥y\ymbhn[nbn¬ kvt\ln°p∂h¿ F√mw heØpw kzm¿∞∑m¿ F√mw CSØpw BbnØocpw. "kzm¿∞X' Cu temIsØ XI¿°p∂p. CXns\ AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ kmtlm-Zcyw kwPm-Xa - m-Ip-∂X - v. kvt\lØns‚ BtKmfX F¥mWv? "{InkvXob kvt\lØns‚ BtKmfX' Fs∂ BI¿jn®p. AXmbXv tbip{InkvXp "{InkvXym\nIfpsS am{Xw' F∂p ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv icnb√. K{_ntb¬ amemJ tbiphn\v \¬Inb t]cv "temIØns‚ c£I≥' F∂mWv (eq-t°m. 1:32). Ahs‚ cmPyØn\v Ah-km\w D≠m-I-Øn-√. ss__nƒ icn°v ]Tn®m¬ \√ iacnbm°mc\mbn h∂Xv tbiphmWv. \√ iacnbm°mcs‚

66


IYbn¬ "GXp PmXnbnepw aXØnepw tbip D≠mIWw' F∂mWv A¿∞am°p∂Xv. Cu IYbn¬ iacym°mc≥ h∂mWv blqZs\ c£n°p∂Xv . Rm≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv kv t \lØns‚ Hcp BtKmfXbmWv. CXn¬ \ncoizc∑m¿ kvt\ln®mepw Ahsc ssZhw kvt\ln°pw F∂mWv Rm≥ ]Tn∏n-°p-∂X - v. kvt\lw, hnip≤n, kzmX{¥yw F∂nh a\pjys\ krjvSn®t∏mƒ ssZhw \evIn. a\pjy\nse ssZhkmZriØn¬ Cu kXvKpWßƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂p. Nne¿ \ncoizc∑mcmbncn°p∂Xv ssZhw sImSpØncn°p∂ kzmX{¥yw sIm≠mWv. Ah¿°v AXn\p≈ kzmX{¥yw D≠v (shfn. 3:20). ]m]w sNøp-hm\pw sNøm-Xn-cn-∏m\pw a\p-jy\v kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. a\p-jy≥ ]m]sØ AXn-Po-hn-°W - s - a∂v ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p. "]m]w sNøm\p≈ km[yXbn√msX a\pjys\ krjvSn°m™Xv F¥v'? Nne¿ tNmZnt®°mw. AXn\v A¿∞an√. ]m]Øn¬\n∂pw Xn∑bn¬ \n∂pw hnip≤nbnte°v hfcphm≥ IgnbWw. kmaqlnI \oXn F∂Xv k`mimkv{XamWv. k` {InkvXphns‚ icocamWv. {InkvXphns‚ `mhw kÌƒ°pw D≠mbncn°Ww. tbip P\n®Xpw Pohn®Xpw ]mhßfn¬ ]mhambn´mWv (The poorest of the poor). Xe Nmbn°phm≥ CSan√mbncp∂p. Hcp kzØpw ssIhian√mbncp∂p. C∂v kºØpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw h¿§o-bX - bpw F√m k`-If - nepw hf-cp-∂p. h¿§obX ]gb\nbaØnep≠v. ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ "ssZhw kvt\lamIp∂p' F∂mWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. CXv ]gb \nbaØnepan√, a‰v aXßfpsS ]Tn∏n°enepw C√. AXn\memWv "kvt\lØns‚ thZimkv{Xw' Rm≥ At\zjn°p∂Xv. {XnXzw kvt\lamsW∂v Rm≥ ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ AXn¬ ]nXmhv kvt\lamWv. ]p{X≥ kvt\lamWv. ]cnip≤ dqlmbpw kvt\lamWv F∂¿∞w. Cu kvt\l-Øn¬ sFIyhpw ka-Xzhpw ]¶n-Soepw D≠v. CXv Pohn-XØ - n¬ bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-chm-Zn-Xz-amWv "kvt\l-Øns‚ BtKm-fX - b - n¬' e£y-an-Sp-∂X - v. ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ 1. \mep `qJWvUßfneqsS \mev]Xp bm{XIƒ, p 180. 2. Ibid p 196 (15 HmKÃv 2010)


67

10

Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bn¬... A

`n-hµy tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hmNm {]m¿∞\bn¬ Pzen°p∂Xpw kmaqlnI \oXnbmWv. Hcp kzImcy {]m¿∞\bpsS amXrIbmWnXv: ""ssZhta, A®s\bpw sIm®Ωtbbpw Ip™pßsfbpw \ns‚ k∂n[nbn¬ Gev]n°p∂p. amXrIm IpSpw_ambn tim`n°phm\pw a‰p≈h¿°v amXrIbmbncn∏m\pw klmbn°Wta... Ip™pßsf AhnSp∂v Dt±in°p∂ ÿm\Øv FØn°Wta. FgpØn\p≈ Ignhp sImSpØncn°p∂Xn\mbn kvXpXn. _elo\\mb Fs∂°pdn®v FgpXp∂ teJ\ßƒ At\I¿°v {]tbmP\Icambn XocWta. a\pjys\ s]m°msX \ns∂ s]m°phm≥ Rßsf klmbn°Wta. \ns‚ Ir]b√msX as‰m∂pw kz¥a√ F∂v Rßsf t_m[ys∏SpØWta. "AXv I¿ØmhmIp∂p' F∂pw, "ssZhØns‚ Ir]bmemIp∂p' F∂pw ]dbphm≥ i‡n \¬IWta. \ns‚ Ir]b√msX Rßƒ°v H∂pan√. Rm≥ BIp∂Xv Ir]bmemIp∂p F∂v ]utemkv «olm ]d™Xpt]mse Rßfpw ]dbp∂p. k`bv°pth≠n Rßƒ {]tXyIw {]m¿∞n°p∂p. C∂sØ k` temIabambn Xo¿∂p t]mbncn°p∂p. "k`' k`bmIptºmƒ kvt\lw ImWpat√m, XyKw ImWpat√m, IqZmiImWpat√m. Ct∏mƒ IqZmibp≠v; kvt\lhpan√, {]hrØnbpan√. AXn\m¬ Bcm[\b√msX anj≥ F∂ Hcp hm°pt]mepan√msX XmWp InS°pIbmWv. `cWLS\bn¬ anj≥ Fs∂mcp hm°p≠m°phm≥ ]d™n´v Bcpw tIƒ°p∂n√. amt\Pnßv IΩ‰nbn¬ t]mepw anj≥ t_m¿Uns‚ {]knU‚n\v ÿm\an√. k` CsXms° a\ nem°phm≥ klmbn°Wsa.

68


Hcp ISem nse c≠v hißƒ t]msebmWv a\pjys\ kvt\ln°p∂Xpw ssZhsØ kvt\ln°p∂Xpw. a\pjys\ kvt\ln°p∂XmWv anj≥. B t_m[yw F√mh¿°pw sImSpt°Wta. Cu temIw apgph≥ \miØnte°v s]mbvs°m≠ncn°p∂ kzm¿∞X amdnIn´phm≥ klmbn°Wsa. temI bp≤w (World War) D≠mIptºmƒ BflobX D≠mIpw. {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ Bflo-bX h¿≤n-°p-∂p. ]ns∂bpw ]g- b - X p- t ]m- s e- b m- I p- ∂ p. Ct∏mƒ bp≤Øn\v th≠n tImSn, tImSn sNehm°p∂p. \mev]Xv tImSn P\ßƒ C¥ybn¬ ]ńWn InS°p∂p. B ]ńWn InS°p∂htc°pdn®v bmsXmcp Nn¥bpw {][m\a{¥n°pan√, a{¥n-am¿°p-an√ B¿°pan√. cmjv{Sob aXt\Xm°∑m¿°pan√. ]ńWn am‰phm\mWv XntbmfPn. AXmWv {Inkv X ym\n‰n. AXmWv FØnIv k v . tkmjyenkØn¬ ]ńWn°v ÿm\an√. djy≥ IΩyqWnkw HcpImeØv tkmjyenkambncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ AXv Iym∏n‰enkambn. ssN\okv IΩyqWnkØn¬ Ct∏mƒ kzmX{¥yw D≠mIp∂p. h¨ ]m¿ń Kh¨sa‚ v tkmjyenÃmIWsa. {]Xn]£ ]m¿ńIƒ i‡amsW¶n¬ am{Xta kzmX{¥yw D≠mIq F∂ t_m[yw P\ßƒ°v sImSp°Wsa. C¥ybn¬ amthmbn°v ]Icw h∂Xv Km‘nbmWv. C¥ybn¬ _emXv°mcw sNøp∂ IΩyqWnkw C√. ]m¿esa‚dn P\m[n]Xyw Ds≠¶nepw Cu \mSv \in®psIm≠ncn°pIbmWv. C¥ybnse tImSoizc∑mcmWv Fw. ]n. amcpw Fw. F¬. F. amcpw. F√mw a{¥namcpw AXpXs∂bmWv. Cu [\hm\mIphm\p≈ sImXn cmjv{Sob°mcn¬ \n∂pw F√mhcn¬ \n∂pw am‰nØcWsa. [\hm\mIp∂Xv sX‰msW∂p≈ Hcp t_m[yw Rßƒ°v XcWsa. "Zcn{Z temIØn¬ [\hm\mbncn°p∂Xv ]m]w' F∂v F√mhcpw ]Tn°Wsa. Rm\pw ]m]nbmWv. Rßƒ F√mhcnepw kzm¿∞Xbp≠v. k`sb kzm¿∞Xbn√mØ k`bm°Wsa. sshZnIsc kzm¿∞Xbn√mØ sshZnIcm°Wsa. _nj∏pamsc kzm¿∞Xbn√msX kvt\lap≈hcm°n Xo¿°Wsa. ]pXnb _nj∏pam¿ F√mh¿°mbpw {]m¿∞n°p∂p. hm¿≤IyØnembh¿°pth≠n {]m¿∞n°p∂p. tIm´bØv ]Wnbp∂ _me{Kmw ]q¿Ønbm°phm≥ Ir]\¬In klmbn°Wsa. XncphnjvSamIps∂¶n¬ c≠mw hm¿jnIamb Pq¨ 29 \v Xs∂ AXns‚ IqZmi \SØphm≥ Ir] \¬IWsa. Bhiyamb Ir] X∂psIm≠ncn°p∂Xn\m¬ \n\°p kvXpXn. ]Xn\©v sk‚ v ÿew IqSn hmßn°phm≥ Ir] \¬InbXn¬ \n\°v kvXpXn. F√mw \ns‚ IcpWbmWv. Fs∂ Bhiyamb


69

coXnbn¬ D]tbmKn°Wsa. Rßƒ°v ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw ImWphm≥ `mKyw \¬IWsa. _elo\\mb Fs∂ ho≠pw D]tbmKn®psIm≈Wsa. RßfpsS ]m]ßfpw Ip‰ßfpw £an°Wsa. kzm¿∞X am‰nØcWsa. IqSpX¬ Ir]bn¬ Pohn°phm≥ klmbn°Wsa. Rßƒ \n\°pw \ns‚ ]nXmhn\pw ]cnip≤ dqlmbv°pw alØzØn\mbn Xs∂. Bao≥. ip≤ap≈ ]nXmth..... (9 sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010)

70


Z¿i\ ]T-\-ßƒ


71

11

a\p-jy-Z¿i\w {]i-kvX-th-Z-im-kv{X-⁄≥ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-en-Øm-bpsS Cw•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-ap≈ 60 e[nIw {KŸ-ßf - nepw Bbn-cØ - n-e[ - nIw teJ-\ß - f - n-ep-ambn Xs‚ 1 a\pjy Z¿i\w Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂p. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ At\z-j-WØns‚ ASn-ÿm\w At±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Ifpw {]`m-j-W-ß-fp-amWv. hnhn[ Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ Ch Fgp-Xn-sb-¶nepw a\p-jy-Z¿i\w F√m cN-\-I-fnepw ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. tUm. Koh-dpKokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ thZ-im-kv{X- Z¿i-\hpw anj≥ Z¿i\hpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¥¿[mc a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sm-Wv. a\pjy Z¿i\w am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ cN-\I-fn¬ Fßs\ shfn-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ At\z-j-W-amWv Cu ]T-\Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. 1. a\p-jy≥ thZ-]p-kvXI Z¿i-\-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-bpsS aIp-Sa - m-Wv. thZ-]p-kvXI - Ø - n≥ Dev]Øn 1:26,27 epw Dev]Øn 2:7, 21-˛23 epw a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-sb-°p-dn®v {]Xn]m-Zn-°p-∂p. krjvSn -hn-h-c-W-Øn≥ a\p-jys‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v : 2 1. a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°p-∂X - n¬ ssZhn-Ia - mb Bkq-{XWw (Dev] 1:26) 2. a\p-jys\ ssZhw krjvSn-°p∂p (Dev] 1:27) 3. a\p-jy\v am{Xw ssZh-kz-cq-]hpw km-Zr-iyhpw (Dev] 1:26,27) 4. a\p-jy-\n¬ tZlw (Body), tZln (Soul), Bflmhv (Spirit) (Dev] 2:7) 5. a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-bpsS aIp-Sw (Dev] 1:28) a\p-jy\v am\-kn-Ia - mbn (Mentally) bp‡n-tbmsS Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw [m¿Ωn-Ia- mbn (Morally) ]q¿Æ-\o-Xn-bnepw hnip-≤n-bnepw hf-cp-hm\pw

72


kmaq-ln-I-ambn (Socially) Iq´m-bva-bn¬ Pohn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw3 . ssZhnI kmZriyw a\p-jy-\n¬ `c-ta¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu DØ-chm-ZnXzw ]q¿Æ-Xb - n-te°v Db¿Øphm\m-Wv. ssZh-kz-cq-]hpw kmZriyhpw \nc-¥cw \ho-Ic - n®v ssZhn-IX - b - n-te°v hf-cp-hm≥ a\p-jy\v Ign-bW - w. a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-Ie - \w krjvSn-hn-hc - W - Ø - n-se a\p-jys‚ khn-ti-jX - I - f - psS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv {InkvXob thZim-kv{X-Øn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-®n-´p-≈X - v4. 2. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ "a\p-jy-Z¿i\w' cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv. BZna k`-bnse Kpcp-°∑ - m-cpsS Fgp-Øp-If - nepw ]Tn-∏n-°e - p-If - nepap≈ (Early teachers of the faith) ]m›mXy ]uckvXy thZ-im-k{v XNn¥Ifpw C¥y≥ XØz-im-k{v X-Ønse Z¿i-\ß - fpw At±-lØ - ns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\sØ kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v5 . 1. a\p-jy-\nse ssZh-km-Zr-iyhpw kzcq-]hpw ssZhw a\p-jys\ kz¥w kzcq-]Ø - nepw kmZr-iy-Ønepw krjvSn®p. ""\mw \ΩpsS kzcq-]-Øn¬ (Our image), \ΩpsS kmZr-iy-{]Imcw (Our likeness) a\p-jys\ D≠m-°pI'' (Dev] 1:26) F∂-Xn¬ {Xntb-I-ssZ-h-Øns‚ kzcq-]hpw kmZr-iyhpw a\p-jy\v e`y-ambn F∂v hy‡w. {XntbI ssZh-Xz-Øns‚ {]tXy-IX Iq´mbva, Xpey kaXzw, ]¶n-fnØw F∂n-hb - m-Wv. CXp-t]mse a\p-jy-\nse ssZhkz-cq]w (image of God) k¿∆ \∑-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xo-I-am-Wv. k¿∆ kXvKp-W-ßfpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. ssZh-km-Zriyw (Likeness of God) k¿∆ \∑-If - nepw Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hm-Wv. AXm-bXv kXv I¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-hm-\p≈ kn≤n-bm-Wv6 . GZ-\nse ]m]- ho-gvNb - n¬ ssZh-km-Zriyw (image) "hnI-ea - mbn' Ft∂m "hnIr-X-ambn' Ft∂m ]d-bmw, F∂mWv am¿ HkvXm-Øntbmkv ka¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. "\jvS-s∏´p' F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bn-√7. a\p-jy-\nse hc-Zm-\-ß-fmb kzmX{¥yw, hnth-N-\m-i-‡n, \oXn, hnip-≤n, kvt\lw XpS-ßnb \∑-Iƒ°v hogvN-bn¬ `wKw kw`-hn®p. ]m]-Øns‚ ê-ambn h¿§o-b-Xbpw tNcn-Xn-cnhpw Nqj-Whpw apX-em-fnØ at\m-`m-hhpw [\-hm\pw Zcn-{Z\pw XΩn-ep≈ AI-ehpw bp≤hpw PmXn-hy-Xym-khpw Df-hm-b-Xmbn am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-∂p.8 ssZh-kz-cq-]-Øn-s‚ ta∑-bmbn am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hni-Zo-Icn-°p-∂ hnti-jW ]Zw "kvt\l-amWv'. ""kvt\lw Akm-≤y-am-bn-


73

SØv ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-—m-b-bn√'' (image) F∂v At±lw {]Jym]n-°p-∂p9. ssZh-kz-cq-]-Øns‚ hnhn-[-ß-fmb {]tXy-I-X-I-fn¬ G‰hpw {]ap-Ja - m-bXv kvt\l-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\nse ssZh-kz-cq]w ({]Xn-—m-b) ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ GIo-`mhw am{X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ]q¿Æ Bf-Øz-am-Ip-I-bn-√. ssZh-Øns‚ BfXzw am{X-amWv ]q¿Æ BfXzw. ssZh-kz-cq-]Ø - n¬ (image of God) A¥¿eo-\a - mb "kvt\lw' a\p-jy≥ kl-Po-hn-Iƒ°v ImcpWy {]hr-Øn-Iƒ hgn ]¶n-Sptºmƒ ssZh-km-ZriyØns‚ (Likeness of God) ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°v Db-cp-∂p. "a\p-jy-\nse ssZh-km-Zr-iyhpw kzcq-]hpw' F∂ Z¿i\w am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ kvt\l-Øn¬ A[n-jvTnX-amb ssZhn-I-amb am\-h-cmin D≠m-IWw F∂v B{K-ln-°p∂p. CXns\ "{Xntb-Io-I-cWw' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p10. {XnXzØn¬ _lp-Xzhpw GI-Xzhpw D≈Xpt]mse a\p-jy-\n¬ BfXzØns‚ {]tXy-IX \jvS-s∏-SmsX GI-Xzhpw _lp-Xzhpw kvt\lØn¬ kwtbmPn-Xam-I-Ww. CXmWv a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse {Xntb-IoI-c-Ww. CXv hy‡n°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Hcp \qX\ am\-hn-I-X-bm-Ip-∂p (New humanity). _lp-Xz-Øn≥ (Plurality) GI-Xzhpw GI-Xz-Øn≥ (Unity) _lp-Xzhpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Z¿i\-am-Wv. CXns‚ Xmbvthcv kvt\l-am-Wv. 2. a\p-jy-Xz-Øn\v amXrI tbip-{InkvXp ssZh-a\ - p-jy-_‘w ]m]w- hgn hnt—-Zn-Xa - m-bn. a\p-jy-ho-s≠-Sp∏n-\mbn ssZhw XmWn-dß - n-h∂ - X - mWv a\p-jym-hX - m-cw. tbip-{In-kX v phn¬ am{Xta ssZh-Øns‚ XnIhv a\p-jy-cq-]Ø - n-¬ shfn-hm-bp≈q (sImtem 2:9). am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ ssZh]p-{X-\mb tbip -{In-kvXp-hn-s\-bmWv "amXr-Ibmbn kzoIcn-°p-∂Xv11 . \ymbm-[n-]-\mb ]oem-tØmkv "I≠mepw B a\p-jy≥' (Behold the Man) F∂v tbip-hns\ Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°p-∂p (tbml 19:5). tbip-hns\ {i≤n-°pI (to watch), ImWpI (to see), t\m°pI F∂¿∞w. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-\p-th≠n "apƒ°n-co-Shpw Nph∂ A¶nbpw [cn®v ]pdØp' \n¬°p∂ tbip am\-h-cm-in°p apgp-h≥ amXr-I-bm-Wv. tbip kza-\- mse am\-h-cm-in-°mbn {Iqipw IncoShpw hln-®p. tbip ]q¿Æ ssZhhpw ]q¿Æa-\p-jy\pw Bbn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬ Bfl-]c - n-XymKw ]q¿Æ-am-°n. ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-Xz-Øn-te-°p≈ hf¿®bv°v amXrI tbip-{In-kvXp-hm-Wv. AXn-\p≈ D]m[n ]m]Øn¬ hogm-sX-bp≈ kzbw XyPn-°epw {Iqip-h-ln-°-ep-am-Wv.

74


3. kzm¿∞c-ln-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂ a\p-jy≥ a\pjy krjvSn-bn¬ ssZh kzcq-]hpw kmZr-iyhpw D≠v. hogvNbpsS ê-ambn kzm¿∞X i‡n-s∏-´p. a\p-jy-\nse ssZhn-I-cW {]{Inb XS- s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - mWv kzm¿∞-X. "kzm¿∞X' bn¬ ]m]ap-≠v. CXv kvt\l-cm-ln-Xy-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\n¬ tZlw, tZln, Bflmhv F∂n-ßs\ {Xn`m-Kn-IXzw D≠v (Trichotomy). a\p-jy-\nse Bflmhv (Spirit) tZln-tbm-sSm∏w BWv. a\p-jys‚ kºq¿Æ-amb hf¿®sb XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ {][m-\-L-SIw kzm¿∞-X-bmWv. CXv ssZh-kz-`m-h-Øn\v FXn-cmWvX - v. "arKo-bX - ', "ss]im-Nn-IX', "kpJ-tem-ep-]X' XpS-ßnb hm°pI-fn¬ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv "kzm¿∞-X'sb hniZo-Ic - n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kz`mhw kzm¿∞-c-lnXXbmWv. a\p-jy≥ kzm¿∞clnX\mIp-tºmƒ (being) kvt\lw, \oXn, ]¶oSo¬ F∂n-hb - m¬ a\p-jyXzw {]Imi ]q¿Æ-am-°pw. Cuiz-c\v BbnØo-c-en-√. a\p-jy≥ "Bbn-Øo-c¬' D≠v. Aßs\ a\p-jy-\m-Iphm≥ km[n-°q. \∑-bpsS \nd-hn-te°v Bbn-Xo-cp-hm≥ a\p-jy\p - n-Xa - mb PohnX km£y-Øn¬ am{Xta CXp Ign-bW - w12. kzm¿∞-cl km[y-am-Iq. a\p-jy\v e`y-amb kzmX{¥yw Xn∑-b° v √ - , \∑-b° v mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°W - w. ]mc-kv]cy-X, ]¶o-Sn¬, Iq´m-bva, \oXn, kvt\lw F∂nh a\pjy-Xz-Øn¬ Dƒt®-cp-tºmƒ a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cyhpw Iq´m-bvabpw hnim-e-am-Ip-sa∂v At±lw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-XzØns‚ XI¿® kzm¿∞-Xb - n¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂p. 3. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i\w thZ-im-kv{Xhpw k`m imkv{X-]c - h - p-amb Z¿i-\ß - ƒ kzmwio-Icn®v a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-IX \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂X - n¬ tUm. Kohdp-Kokv am¿ HkvX-Øn-tbmkv {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-∂p. a\pjy Z¿i\-ßƒ kn≤m-¥ß - f - n¬ \n∂pw {]tbmK-Øn¬ FØn-°p-∂X - n-emWv {]m[m-\yw. a\pjy Z¿i-\-Øn¬ At±lw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ {]mtbmKn-I-X-Iƒ {it≤-b-am-Wv. 1. a\p-jy-kz-`m-hhpw KpWhpw h¿≤n-°Ww. a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse ssZh-kz-`m-hhpw ssZhnI KpW-ßfpw h¿≤n∏n-°-W-sa∂v am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-\nse ssZh-kz-cq-]hpw kmZriyhpw A\p-Zn\w ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°v hf¿ØWw. a\p-jy-Z¿i-\s - Ø-°p-dn®v At±lw A`n-ap-JØ - n¬ ]d-bp∂p:


75

""a\p-jys\ ssZho-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-\m-bn-´mWv {InkvXp-h∂ - X - v. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ A`n-tj-Ia - mWv ssZho-Ic - W - w. ssZh-kzcq]w (image of God) a\p-jy-\n¬ D≈-Xp-Xs∂ ssZhnI-cW - am-Wv (Dev] 1:26-˛27) "a\p-jys‚ \ne-\n¬∏v' {]Ir-Xn°pw ssZh-Øn\pw at≤y-bmWv (between nature and God). {]IrXn-bn¬ \n∂p icocw FSp-°-s∏-Spw. Bflmhv ssZhØn¶¬ tNcpw. "\o aÆm-Ip-∂p. aÆn-te°v tNcpw'. CXv ùXnI icoc-tØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv (Physical body). Bflob icocw D≠v (Spiritual body). AXmWv hy‡nXzw (Personality). "Bflob kmZriyw' F∂Xv Ft∏mgpw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bvab - mWv (Fellowship with God). AXv Ft∏m-gpw, \nXy-ambn ssZh-hp-ambp≈ kw ¿§-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂X - m-bn-cn-°pw. Cu Iq´mbva (fellowship) a\p-jy¿°v am{Xw. CXv arK-ßƒ°n√. arK-ßfn¬ C√mØ Aaq¿Ø-amb bp‡n-bmWv a\p-jy-\n¬ tim`n°p∂ hnizm-kw. krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØv kam-¥-c-amb _‘ßƒ°v (horizontal) km[y-am-Ip∂ kky-˛a - r-Km-[n-Isf krjvSn°p-∂p. F∂m¬ krjvSn-bpsS A¥y-Øn¬ ssZh-_‘w km[y-am-Ip∂ hn[w a\p-jys\ (Vertical) krjvSn-®p. AXn\m¬ a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-bnse "cm⁄n-bmWv' (Queen of Creation). tiØns‚ ImeØv ssZhm-cm-[\ Bcw-`n®p (D-ev]. 4:26). ssZhw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®n´v "BZmw' F∂v t]cn-´p. "BZmw' F∂Xv a\p-jy-cm-in-bmWv (humanity). a\p-jy-h¿§Øn\v Bcm-[\ - b - p-≠.v arK-ßƒ°v Bcm-[\ - b - n-√. ssZh-kzcq]w (image of God) a\p-jy\v D≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Bcm-[n-°p∂Xv.''13 a\p-jy-kz-`m-hhpw KpWhpw h¿≤n-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI Bcm-[\ - b - n¬ IqSn-bm-W.v ssZh a\p-jy-_‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse \∑-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°v hf¿® {]m]n-°pw. a\p-jy-\nse \∑bpw KpWhpw h¿≤n-∏n-°pI F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂p. 2. a\p-jy-tijn hnI-kn-∏n-°Ww a\pjy Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k\ - Ø - ns‚ A\n-hm-cyX tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p∂p: a\p-jy¿ "hn`-hß - ƒ' h¿≤n-∏n-°W - w, "a\p-jy-tijn' hnhn[ Xc-Øn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww, am\-h-cm-in-bpsS hn`-h-ßƒ apgp-

76


h-\mbn hnI-kn-°-Ww. a\pjytijn hnI-k\w hgn e`y-amIp-∂Xv BfXz hnI-k\ - a - m-Wv. CXv a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ ssZh-kmZriyhn-I-k-\-am-Wv. "a\pjy-Xz-Øns‚ {]tXy-IX ssZh-kzcq-]hpw kmZr-iyhpw' (image and likeness of God) Dƒs°m≈p-∂-XmWv a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k-\w -hgn ssZhn-I-X-bn¬ hfcphm≥ Ign-bWw F∂v A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p14. a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k\ - sØ XI¿°p-∂Xv arKo-bX - bpw kzm¿∞X-bp-amWv. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hni-Zo-Ic - n°p∂p: "kzm¿∞-Xb - n¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb a\p-jy-Xz-cl - n-Xa - mb {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ A\o-Xn-bp≈ hnI-k\ - hpw k∑m¿§-Nyp-Xnbpw krjvSn-°p-∂p.'15 a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k-\-Øn\v FXn-cmb {]h-W-X-Iƒ i‡n-s∏Sp-∂X - ns\ At±lw i‡-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂p. \oXn-cl - n-Xa - mb hnIk-\a - mWv F√m-bn-Sh - pw. a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬ \jvSs - ∏-Sp∂ kvt\lhpw \oXnbpw ka-{K-amb a\p-jy-ti-jnsb hnIr-X-am-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-tijntb XS-bp-∂Xv kpJ-tem-ep-]X - , Ae-kX - , aSn, kzm¿∞X F∂nh-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k\ - Ø - n\v AXyp-Xvk - m-lw, Bflm¿∞X, XymKw, kXy-k-‘X F∂nh Ft∏mgpw F√m-h-cnepw hf¿∂p hc-Ws - a∂v At±lw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. 3. ka-{K-amb a\p-jyXzw hf-cWw "a\pjy\mIpI' F∂m¬ a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xb - n-te°p hfcpI F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-Xz-amWv Dƒs°m-t≈-≠X - v. CXv tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv, eqt°m 2: 40, 52 hmIy-ßƒ D≤-cn®v hf¿®-bpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂p16. imcocn-Ihpw (Physical Growth) _u≤n-Ihpw (Intellectual Growth) ssZhnIhpw (gracial growth) ssZh-a-\pjy Ir]-bnepw (Divine - Human - s - a∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p: Unity) a\p-jy≥ hf-cW "ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Ir] {InkvXp-hn≥ apXn¿∂p-h∂ - p. \Ωn¬ Xf¿∂p hcp-∂p. ssZh-km-Zriyw \Ωn¬ hnI-kn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-_‘ - ß - fpw hnI-kn-°pw. ew_-ambpw (Vertical), kam-¥c - a - m-bp-ap≈ (Horizondal) hnI-k\ - a - m-Wn-X.v '17 "ka-{K-amb a\p-jyXzw' F∂-Xn¬ ssZhn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambn a\p-jyXzw hnI-kn-°W - s - a∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. 4. a\p-jy-Ønse kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿∆-ln-°Ww tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ {][m\ Z¿i-\-amWv "a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse kmaq-ln-IX'. AXm-bXv kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ \oXn-]q¿∆w \n¿∆-ln-°p-hm≥ a\pjy\v Ign-b-Ww. a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw


77

kvt\l-Øn-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - m-Wv. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv ]d-bp∂p: ""a\p-jyXzw a\p-jy¿°v \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jy¿ arK-ambn Xocp-∂p. a\p-jy≥ Ip™p-ßsf kvt\ln-°p-∂Xv Poh-imkv{X-]c - a - m-bm-Wv (biological). a\p-jy≥ thZ-im-kv{X-]c - a - m-Iptºmƒ (Theological) Ab¬°m-cs‚ Ip™n-t\bpw kvt\ln°-Ww. arK-ßƒ Ab¬°m-ct\ kvt\ln-°p-∂n√ Ip™pßtf am{Xw kvt\ln-°p-∂p. a\p-jyIp™ns\ am{Xw kvt\ln-®m¬ kam-[m\w e`n-°-Øn-√. Ab¬°m-c-t\bpw kvt\ln-°W - w. a\p-jy≥ kmaq-ln-I\ - m-Ip-tºmƒ (Sociological) am\-hc - m-insb apgp-h≥ kvt\ln-°pw. a\p-jy-\nse kmaqlnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ChnsS h¿≤n-°p-I-bm-Wv. hnim-e-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. a\p-jy≥ kzbw Npcp-ßmsX kmaq-ln-I-ambn hf-c-Ww. a\pjy-\nse ssZhXzw i‡n-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xta kmaq-ln-Ia - mbn Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bq''18. hy‡nbpw kaq-lhpw ]c-k] v cw CW-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂ Hcp hyh-ÿnXn-bmWv kmaq-lnI \oXnbn¬ At±lw hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂-Xv.19 C∂sØ ]pXp-]p-Ø≥ am[y-a-ßfpw (New media) \qX-\-hn-hc kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbpw (New Information technology) a\p-jys\ kmaqlnI _‘-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰p-∂p. Ch GIm-¥-Xbpw kzIm-cyXbpw arKo-b-Xbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw krjvSn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ]pXp-X-e-apd kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ hnkva-cn°p∂p. 5. a\p-jy-Øn¬ ssZhn-IX i‡n-s∏-SWw a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse "ssZhn-IX \jvS-s∏-Sp∂p' F∂v tUm. Koh-dpKokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. hogvN-bnepw Ct∏mgpw ssZh-kz-cq]w hnIe-ambn (defaced) Fs∂m "hnIr-X-ambn' Ft∂m ]d-bmw. ]q¿Æ-ambpw \jvS-s∏´p F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bpIbn-√. ssZh-kz-cq]w \jvS-s∏-´m¬ a\p-jy≥ arK-am-Ipw. ""ssZh-kz-cq]w Aev]-sa-¶nepw D≈-Xn-\m-emWv hos≠-Sp∏pw A\p-Xm-]hpw km[yam-Ip-∂Xpw ]pXnb krjvSn-bm-Ip-∂X - pw ''20 a\p-jy-Xz-Ønse ssZhnIX i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bWw F∂ Blzm\w F√m cN-\-Ifnepw D≠v. am\-h-cmin apgp-h\pw Hcp IpSpw-_-ambn Xoc-Ww. 21 a\p-jyXzw hnI-e-am-Ip∂ {]h-W-Xsb tUm.Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv "\n¿Ω-\p-jyXzw' F∂ ]Zw hni-Ie - \w sNbvXp Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. "\n¿Ω-\p-jy≥' F∂ hm°v \nL-≠p-hn¬ C√.

78


a\p- j ys\ a\p- j y- \ mbn ImWm- Ø - X mWv \n¿Ω- \ p- j yXzw (ahumanity)22. a\p-jyXzw \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂X - mWv \n¿Ω-\p-jy-Xzw. \n¿Ω\p-j≥ (ahuman) F∂m¬ a\p-jy-\nse a\p-jyXzw hnIr-X-am°n Xo¿°p-∂-Xm-Wv. "\n¿' F∂ kwkvIrX ]Z-Øn\v \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mIp-∂-Xv, tNm¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv F∂¿∞w. "\n¿Ω-\p-jy≥' F∂m¬ a\p-jyXzw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. a\p-jyXzw tNm¿∂p t]mIp-∂Xv F∂¿∞w. ChnsS a\p-jyXzw ]q¿Æambn \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂n-√. hnI-eam-Ip-Ib - m-Wv. a\p-jy-\n¬ Ft∏mgpw Ipd®v a\p-jy-Xz-sa-¶nepw \ne\n¬°pw. A\p-Xm-]-Øn\pw Bcm-[-\bv°pw a\p-jys\ k∂-≤-am°p-∂Xv a\p-jyXzw Aev]s - a-¶nepw D≈-Xn\m-emWv. a\p-jy-\nse a\p-jy-Xzw ssZhn-IX - b - n-te-bv°p≈ hf¿® km[yam-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ a\p-jyXzw hnIr-X-am-°p∂ B¿`m-S-Øns‚bpw hnth-N\ - Ø - n-s‚bpw kz`m-hß - ƒ a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏Sp-∂X - ns\ At±lw hna¿in-°p-∂p. 4. a\p-jy- Z¿i-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n BtKm-f-h¬°-c-Whpw am[ya kwkvIm-chpw krjvSn-°p∂ ]pØ≥ kmaq-lnI ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXmØn-tbm-kns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øn\v kmaq-lnI {]k‡n hf-sc-bmWv. a\p-jy-\nse ssZhn-I-Xbpw kmaq-ln-I-Xbpw hnIr-X-am-°p∂ kml-Nc - y-ßf - mWv C∂v i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂X - .v B≤ym-flnI \ho-Ic - W - hpw Bcm-[\ - bpw, I¨h≥j\pw sSen-hn-j≥ kphn-tij {]kw-Kß - fpw hf-sc-bm-sW-¶nepw a\p-jyXzw hnIr-X-am°n a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ i{Xp-Xbpw h¿Ko-b-Xbpw hn`m-Kn-b-Xbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. kv{Xo˛]p-cpj A[n-Imc t`Z-ßfpw Zen-Xv, BZn-hmkn ]oU-\ß - fpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ a\p-jyXzw bYm¿∞-ambpw ac-hn°p-∂ns√? a\p-jy-Z¿i-\s - Ø-°p-dn®v tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv A`n-ap-JØ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂p: ""a\pjy\v Hcp kmaq-lnI Z¿i\w A\nhm-cy-amWv (Social Vision). a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kmaq-lnI ho£W-Øn-em-Wv. AXv \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv apX-em-fnØw (Capitalism). GZ≥ tXm´-Ønse hogvNt- bm-Sp-IqSn a\p-jy≥ arKob kz`m-h-Øn-te°v hoWp. ]m]-Øns‚ B[nIyw h¿≤n-°p-∂Xp-hgn a\p-jy-\n¬ apX-em-fnØ kz`mhw i‡n-s∏-Sp∂p. kmaqlnI {]Xn-_-≤X \jvSamIp∂p. F√m Xn∑-Iƒ°pw ASn-abm-bn-Xo-cp-∂p. a\p-jy≥ Pohn-°p-∂Xv kmaq-lnI DØ-ch - m-ZnXz-tØmSp IqSn-bm-IW - w. {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw kaq-lt- ØmSpw ssZh-


79

tØm-Sp-ap≈ Imcy-hn-NmcI t_m[-tØm-sS-bp≈ DØ-ch - m-ZnXzw \n¿∆-ln°s∏S-Ww. Fs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZhn-IX-bn-tebv°v hf-cp-tºmƒ a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xb - n-te-°v Db-cpw. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p AI-ep-∂X - n-\m¬ \n¿Ω\p-jy≥ Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p. ChnsS a\p-jyXzw \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øp-IbmWv. Fs‚ a\pjy Z¿i-\-Øn¬ "kmaq-lnI Z¿i-\hpw' "{]IrXn Z¿i-\hpw' Bg-ambn ka-\z-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXp c≠pw Ds≠¶nse a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-\m-Ip-I-bp-≈p. a\p-jy≥ ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°-Ww. BZ-cn-°-Ww. "a\p-jys\ ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-XzØn-te°v Db¿ØpI' F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw k`-Iƒ°v D≠v. a\p-jy-\nse ssZhnI kz`m-hØ - ns‚ hnI-k\ - hpw hf¿®-bpamWv bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv.''23 -CXv kvt\l-am-Wv. i{Xp-°-sfbpw kvt\ln-°Ww. i{Xp-°sf kvt\ln-°p∂ \nco-iz-c∑ - m-scbpw ssZhw kvt\ln-°p-∂p. 5. D]-kw-lmcw tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ "a\p-jy-Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ P\-Iob kz`m-hhpw efnX PohnX {Iahpw Bg-am-bn-´p-≠v. a\p-jyZ¿i-\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ kn≤m-¥w (Theory) Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am°n (Praxis) Xo¿°p-∂-Xn¬ AXo-h-{i≤ ]pe¿Øp∂p. PohnX Z¿i-\-ßƒ 93 hb- n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ PmXn-˛h¿§-t`-Zß - ƒ°v A∏p-dØ - p≈ ImgvN∏ - m-Sm-Wp-≈X - .v F√m a\p-jycpw ssZhn-IX - b - n-te°v hf-cWw ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°W - w. hn`-hß - fpw Ign-hp-Ifpw ]¶n-S-Ww. kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ \oXn-]q¿∆w \n¿∆-ln-°Ww' F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXn¬ aXm-Xo-X-amb a\p-jytijn hnI-k\ - hpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw A`n-hr-≤nbpw e£yan-Sp-∂p. a\p-jy-\nse \∑-bpsS \nd-hn-te-°p≈ hf¿-®b - mWv BXy¥n-I-ambn D≠m-tI-≠-Xv. CXv {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp-ap≈ {Inbm-fl-Ihpw \oXn-]q¿∆-hp-amb DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xns‚-Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZh-kz-cq-]hpw kmZr-iyhpw Ds≠-¶nepw a\p-jy≥ arKob kz`m-h-Øn-te°pw am^nb kwkvIm-c-Øn-te°pw hogp-∂p. kXyhpw \oXnbpw [¿Ωhpw ]cn-]m-en-°s - ∏-Sp∂ a\p-jyXzw hnkvacn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kmº-ØnI \oXnbpw ka-Xzhpw kzmX-{¥yhpw ]¶oSn-ep-ap≈ Hcp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bmWv a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ hnI-kn-∏n®n-´p-≈-Xv. Chsb _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ LSIw a\p-jy-\nse "ssZhn-Iamb kvt\l-amWv'. Cu ssZhn-I-amb kvt\lw a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-

80


fnse F√m th¿Ir-Xy-ßs - fbpw inYn-ea - m-°pw. kzm¿∞-X kvt\lØns‚ i{Xp-hm-sW∂v am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hniz-kn-°p-∂p.24 a\pjy¿ kzm¿∞-Xh - n´v ssZh-tØmSpw {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw kaq-lt- ØmSpw \oXn-]q¿∆w ssZhn-I-kvt\-l-Øn≥ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln°Ww. At∏mƒ ssZh-cmPyw `q-an-bn¬ bmYm¿∞y-am-Ipw. ASn-°p-dn∏pIƒ 1.

a\pjy-Z¿i\w hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ {]ap-J-amb {KŸ-ßƒ h¿§-clnX kaqlw (1979:1990) \n¿Ω-\p-jyXzw AYhm {]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-cXzw (1981), CtXm- a-\pjy-tijn hnI-k\ - w(1991), am^nb, tkm^n-b, t•mdnb (1993), a\p-jy-Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ \o¿®m-ep-Iƒ (1995) Zcn-{Z-tem-I-Øn¬ [\-hm-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]w (1983:2008) XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv. 2. Karl Rahner (ed), Sacramentum mundi An Encyclopedia of Theology, Burns & Oates, London, 1969, pp.361-363; cf. Vladimir, Lossky; In the Image and Likeness of God, St. Vladimirs Seminary Press, New York, 1974. 3. http//www.gotquestions.org/image-of-god.html 4. Joseph A Komonchak et al (eds), The New Dictionary of Theology, Michael Glazier, USA, pp27-28. cf Sinclair B Ferguson et al (eds,) New Dictionary of Theology, Inter-Varsity, USA, pp 3-4. 5. ]uc-kvXy-˛-]m-›mXy Z¿i-\-ßfpw am¿Ivkn-b≥ Imgv®-∏m-Sp-Ifpw kzm[o-\n-®n´ps≠-¶nepw a\p-jy-Z¿i\w am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv hnI-kn-∏n-®Xv thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. 6. h¿§-c-lnX kaqlw, 1990, t]Pv 26˛30 7. hogvN-bn¬ {Zh-Xzhpw ac-Whpw F√m-h-cnepw D≠m-bn. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-kz-`m-hØn¬ ]m]w Hcp LS-I-ambn Xo¿∂p F∂v ]uckvXy ]mc-ºcyw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. 8. a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ \o¿®m-ep-Iƒ, t]Pv 23 9. Ibid 10. Ibid 11. Ibid, P. 24; cf. Talks to Modern Youth, Malaysia, 1972, pp 6-7 12. a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ \o¿®m-ep-Iƒ, t]Pv 27˛28 13. teJ-I-\p-am-bp≈ A`n-apJw 10.10.2010 14. CtXm a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k\w, v-vi 15. Ibid 16. Ibid, p.50 17. Ibid, p.52 18. teJ-I-\p-am-bp≈ A`n-apJw : 10.10.10 19. Nn¥-Iƒ kz]v\-ßƒ, 1995, t]Pv 11 20. a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ \o¿®m-ep-Iƒ, t]Pv 23 21. Ibid, p.32 22. \n¿Ω-\p-jyXzw AYhm {]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-c-Xzw, t]Pv 5 23. teJ-I-\p-am-bp≈ A`n-apJw: 10.10.10 24. Zcn-{Z-tem-I-Øn¬ [\-hm-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]w, 2008, t]Pv 8 (4 HIvtSm-_¿ 2010)


81

12

kmº-ØnI amµy-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ "A

tacn°≥ apXemfnØ kºZv hyhÿ XIcpsa∂v \n¿`bw {]hNn® kmaqlnI imkv{X⁄\mWv tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ1. apXemfnØ hyhÿnXn BtKmf kmºØnI cwKØv krjvSn°p∂ {]XymLmXßsf kq£vaXeØn¬ hniIe\w sNbvXv {]Jym]n°phm≥ At±lØn\v Ign™p. Atacn°bnse \yqPgvknbn¬ {Uq (Drew) k¿∆Iemimebn¬ thZimkv{XKthjWw \SØnb Imew (1948˛51) apX¬ apXemfnØ hyhÿnXnbpsS XI¿®sb°pdn®v hnhn[ßfmb {]kvXmh\Iƒ \SØn. tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS 60 e[nIw {KŸßfnepw hnhn[ßfmb {]`mjWßfnepw Atacn°≥ apXemfnØØns‚ XI¿®sb°pdn®v hniZoIcn°p∂p≠v. Adp]Xp h¿jßƒ°v apºv (1948) tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ {]hNn® "Atacn°bpsS kmºØnI XI¿®' 2008 HmsS bmYm¿∞yambn. "BtKmfkmºØnIamµyw' F∂ {]Xn`mkØns‚ sIWnbn¬ Atacn°≥ kmºØnI {Iaw XI¿∂p!2. Atacn°≥ apXemfnØØn\v Xncn®SnbmbXv "BtKmfkmºØnI amµy'amWv. BtKmfh¬°cWw (Globalization), kzX{¥ hn]Wn (Free market), òIcXbv ° v FXnscbp≈ bp≤w (War on Terrorism) F∂nh hnhn[XcØn¬ kmºØnI amµyØn\v hgnsbmcp°n. 1. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ XI¿® tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ I¨h≥j≥ cwKØv {]thin°p∂Xv 1951 emWv. BZythZn tIm´bw \nebv°¬ I¨h≥j\mbncp∂p. "{InkvXphns\ thWtam, _d∫mkns\ thWtam' F∂Xmbncp∂p apJyhnjbw. 1953 se

82


am°mwIp∂v I¨h≥j\n¬ \SØnb {]`mjW hnjbw "X¿ okv bm{X Ahkm\n∏n°ptam' F∂ tNmZyamWv3. ChnsS "_d∫mkpw' "X¿ n pw' F√mw ùXnIXbpsS {]XoIamWv. Atacn°≥ kwkvImcØn¬ i‡ns∏Sp∂ a\pjXzcmlnXyhpw B¿`mS PohnXhpw kzm¿∞Xbpw i‡amb `mjbn¬ kwthZn°p∂Xn\v kzoIcn® {]XoIßfmWv "_¿∫mkpw' "X¿ o pw'. ]n∂oSv FgpXnb {KŸßfnepw {]`mjWßfnepw Cu Bibw hnhn[XcØn¬ i‡ns∏´p. kpJw, kuJyw, BÀmZw F∂nh ]Icp∂ BtKmfh¬°cWhpw, ]pØ≥ kmt¶XnIXbpw am[ya kwkv I mchpw "_d∫mkns‚bpw X¿ okns‚bpw' ]p\chXmcßfmbn. "temIw Hcp {]Xn-k‘ - n-bn¬°qSn IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-Ib - m-Wv. Ata-cn°t]mepw kmº-Øn-I-am-µyhpw sXmgn-en-√m-bvabpw aqew hnj-an°p∂p' F∂pw ""C∂sØ Atacn° \miØns‚ h°nemWv. AhnsS ss__nfn\v ÿm\an√. ssZh`‡n°p ÿm\an√. [m¿ΩnIXbv°p ÿm\an√... ]m›mXy kwkvImcw {InkvtXXcambn°gn™p. Ah¿ ssZhØn¶te°p Xncntb≠ kabw AXn{Ian®ncn°p∂p''4 F∂pw i‡amb `mjbn¬ Blzm\w sNøphm\p≈ ss[cyamWv tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm {]ISam°nbXv. "BtKmfh¬°cWhpw DZmch¬°cWhpw ]pXnb kmºØnI ]≤Xnbpsams° hcp∂p. F∂m¬ ]mhßƒ ChnsS ]ńWn InS∂v acn°p∂p'5. At±lsØ {]tIm]n∏n°p∂ ASnÿm\ {]iv\amWnXv. kºØns‚bpw kpJtemep]XbpsSbpw AXn[mcmfnØw Atacn°≥ apXemfnØØn¬ i‡ns∏Sptºmƒ Atacn°bn¬ Xs∂ \nch[nt]¿ \nXy Zmcn{ZyØn¬ AIs∏ńcn°p∂ sshcp≤yw tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm shfns∏SpØp∂p. Atacn°bn¬ Xmakn®v ]Tn°pIbpw hnhn[Imeßfnembn \nch[n {]mhiyw Atacn° kµ¿in°pIbpw sNbvX At±lw Atacn°bnse A[m¿ΩnIXtbbpw kZmNmc XI¿®tbbpw [ocambn hna¿in°p∂p. 2. \n¿Ω-\p-jyXzw AYhm {]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-cXzw Atacn°≥ P\XbpsS kzm¿∞Xbpw kpJtemep]Xbpw Xncns®dn™ tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ Ahsc "\n¿Ω\pjy¿' F∂mWv hntijn∏n°p∂Xv. "\n¿Ω\pjyXzw' F∂m¬ a\pjyXzw \jvSs∏Sp∂Xv F∂¿∞w. a\pjys\ a\pjy\mbn ImWphm≥ IgnbmØXmWv \n¿Ω\pjyXzw. "\n¿a\pjy≥' ùXnIXbv°pw apXemfnØØn\pw {]m[m\yw \¬-


83

Ip∂p. kpJw, kzm¿∞X, B¿`mSw, kzØv F∂nhbn¬ A[njvTnXamb ImcyhnNmcIXzw \ne\n¿Øp∂p. CXv {]mtbmKnI \ncoizcXzw Xs∂bmsW∂v tUm. Kohdp§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ {]Jym]n°p∂p6. "\n¿a\pjyXz]camb apXemfnØsØ°pdn®v7 At±lw Ft∏mgpw cN\Ifnepw {]`mjWßfnepw tIm]mIpe\mIp∂p≠v. kXyhpw \oXnbpw C√mØ a\pjykaqlsØ \n¿a\pjyXzØn¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂p. "\n¿Ω\pjycmbn hncmPn°p∂hcmWv apXemfn h¿§w8 F∂v Ak\v≤nKvXambn At±lw ]dbp∂p. ""\n¿a\pjyXz]camb apXemfnØw'' F∂ ssien FgpØpIfnep≠v. kºØv ]¶nSmØ, kmtlmZcy Z¿i\an√mØ, BUw_c]q¿Æamb PohnXw F∂v hymJym\w9. Ct∏mƒ {]_es∏´ BtKmf kmºØnI amµyw Atacn°≥ P\XbpsS \n¿Ω\pjyXzØns‚ {]XymLmXamWv. \oXn]q¿∆w kºØv ]¶nSmsX A\oXnbneqsS kzØv IogS°p∂ kmaqlnI LS\Itfbpw kao]\ßtfbpw 1979 apX¬ tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ ITn\amb hm°pIfn¬ hna¿in®n´p≠v! "Zcn{ZtemIØv kº∂cmbncn°p∂Xns‚ Ip‰t_m[sa¶nepw D≠mtI≠Xt√'10 F∂v At±lw tNmZn°p∂p. tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ apXemfnØØns‚ I]S apJw s]mfns®gpXnbXv "h¿§clnX kaqlw' (Theology of Classless Society), "Zcn{ZtemIØn¬ [\hm\mbncn°p∂Xv ]m]w' (The Sin of being Rich in a Poor World) F∂o IrXnIfnemWv. "Zcn{ZtemIØn¬ [\hm\mbncn°p∂Xv ]m]w' F∂ kn≤m¥w tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv 1983¬ Bhnjv°cn°p∂p. kº∂cpw Zcn{Zcpw XΩnep≈ A¥cw kmaqlnI hn]Øpw ]m]hpamsW∂v Cu ]T\Øn¬ sXfnbn°p∂p. apXemfnØ hyhÿnXnbn¬ kºØv \oXn]q¿∆w ]¶nSmsX ssIøS°p∂Xpw imkv{Xt\´ßƒ IpØIbm°p∂Xpw (patent) GImhImiam°p∂Xpw kzm¿∞XbpsSbpw kmaqlnI {]Xn_≤Xbn√mbvabptSbpw e£-W-am-Wv. "temIw apgph≥ ssZhØnt‚XmWv. AXv a°fmb a\pjy¿°v F√mw AhImis∏´XmWv. kz¥w ktlmZcßƒ Zmcn{ZyØn¬ Ignbptºmƒ kºØv Ip∂pIqńhbv°p∂Xv kzm¿∞XbmWv. ]m]amWv11. "sXmgnemfnIsf a\pjycmbn´pw ktlmZc∑mcmbn´pw ImWmsX shdpw b{¥ßfmbn´pw D]IcWßfmbn´pw ImWp∂ apXemfnØØn¬ kzmX{¥yan√'12. kº∂ cmjv{Sßƒ AhcpsS kzm¿∞ Xmev]cyßƒ°p th≠n Zcn{Z cmjv{Sßsf F∂pw

84


]ńWnbn¬ Xf®n´Xns\ Hm¿Øp am\km¥cs∏SWw F∂pw Bhiys∏Sp∂p. temIkºZv LS\ 1999¬ tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ hniIe\w sNøp∂p: "C∂sØ G‰hpw henb kmºØnI {]iv\w an°hmdpw F√mw AhnIknX cmPyßfpw hnIkzc cmPyßfpw hnIknX cmPyßfpsS ISw hmßn, ISØns‚ Ducm°pSp°n¬ (Death trap) Ignbp∂XmWv. thƒUv _m¶pw, sF. Fw. F^pw a‰v kº∂cmPyßfpw IqSpX¬ kº∂ambns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv AhtcmSp ISw hmßnbncn°p∂ ]mhs∏´ cmPyßfpsS Ip∂pIqSp∂ ]eni apJm¥ncamWv. Zcn{Z cmPyßƒ°v ISw hmßmsX \ne\n¬∏n√mØ A\oXnbpsS temIØmWv \mw C∂v Pohn°p∂Xv'13 "apXemfnØ cmjv{SßfpsS \ne\n¬∏pw kmºØnI em`ßfpw Zcn{Zycmjv{SßfpsS ta¬ hn]W\w sNøp∂ bpt≤m]IcWßƒ, t_mw_pIƒ, hnam\ßƒ, Iºyq´¿ tkm^v‰s v hb¿, C≥^¿taj≥ sSIvt\mfPn F∂nh hgnbmWv. F∂m¬ tImSoizc∑mcpsS FÆhpw hÆhpw IqSp∂Xv aq∂mw temIØns‚ Zmcn{ZysØ apXseSpØmsW∂v apXemfnØ cmPyßƒ kΩXn°IpIbns√∂pw14 tUm. Kohdp§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm hy‡am°p∂p. aq∂mw kl{km_v Z Øn¬ C∂sØ kº∂ cmPyßƒ hogmXncn°Wsa¶n¬ A\oXnIƒ Ahkm\n∏n®,v kzm¿∞X Ipd®v, A¥¿t±iob hyhÿnXn (International Economic Order) D≠m°Wsa∂v At±lw \n¿t±in°p∂p15. A¿t\mƒUv tSmb≥_nbpsS Ncn{X KthjWØn¬ Ccp]Xn¬ A[nIw \mKcoIXIƒ \new]Xn®Xns‚ ImcWßƒ hy‡am°p∂p≠v: Ak∑m¿§nIX, aZy]m\w, ssewKnIX, B¿`mSw F∂nh A∂sØt∏mse C∂pw i‡amWv. D]t`mKkwkv°mcw, kpJtemep]X, \n¿Ω\pjXzw F∂nh Atacn°≥ kwkv°mcØn¬ i‡ns∏Sp∂Xmbn tUm. Kohdp§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm {]Jym]n°p∂p. "[q¿Øns‚bpw BVw_cØns‚bpw ]mcayXbn¬ FØnb Atacn°≥ kwkvImcØn¬ ASpØ \q‰m≠n¬ s]t{Smfn\pw Du¿÷Øn\pw £maw D≠mIpsa∂v 1999¬ {]hNn°p∂p... 21˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ Xs∂ Ct∏mgsØ apXemfnØ hnIk\w Ahkm\n°psa∂Xn¬ c≠p]£an√'!16 3. ]¶n-Sp∂ temIw hf-cWw tImSoizc∑mcpw henb kº∂cpw kzØpw kpJhpw ]¶nSp∂ temIw hcWsa∂v Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xm-


85

t∏meoØm kz]v\w ImWp∂p: "A√tbm [\hm∑msc \nßfpsSta¬ hcp∂ ZpcnXßƒ \nanØw Ic™p apdbnSqhn≥ F∂hmIyw an° IΩyqWnÃp cmPyßfnepw \S∂p. apXemfnØ cmPyßƒ AXns‚ h°n¬ FØnbncn°p∂p. kº∂ DØctKmfhpw Zmcn{Zy Z£nWtKmfhpw XΩnep≈ A¥cw h¿≤n°p∂p17. apXemfnØ hyhÿnXn hy‡nKXambXn\m¬ BtKmfkmtlmZcyØnte°v \bn°phm≥ {]m]vXas√∂v At±lw hnizkn°p∂p18. "kzm¿∞]cXbpw' "hy‡n]cXbpw' "kpJtemep]Xbpw' CXns‚ ASnÿm\amWv. B[p\nI kmº-Øn-I-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ]nXmhmb BUwkvanØns‚ Iym∏n‰enkØnepw Imd¬ am¿Ivkns‚ IΩyqWnkØnepw tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°v {]Xymibn√. F∂m¬ Aa¿Xymsk∂ns‚ "DØchmZnXzkaqlsØ°pdn®v' {]Xo£bp≠v. IΩyqWnkØns‚ cmjv{Sob kzmX{¥ycmlnXyhpw apXemfnØØns‚ kmºØnI kaXzcmlnXzhpw amdn kmaqlnI \oXnbn¬ A[njvTnXamb kvt\ltemIw hfcWw. apXemfnØhpw IΩyqWnkhpw amdn temIØv ]pXnb kmºØnI hyhÿnXn D≠mIWsa∂ ]£amWv tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°p≈Xv. am¿Ivkpw FwK¬kpw tN¿∂v cNn® IΩyqWnÃv am\ns^tÃmbn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂ "{InkvXy≥ tkmjyenkØn¬' At±lw B`napJyw ]pe¿Ønbncp∂p. 1953 s^{_phcn H∂n\v tIm´bw Genbm Nm∏en¬ sNbvX {]kwKØn¬ "Hcp {InkvXy≥ tkmjyenÃv hyhÿnXn \ap°v D≠mIWsa∂v \n¿t±in°p∂p≠'v!19 F∂m¬ hntamN\ ssZhimkv{XØns‚ (Liberation theology) hnhn[ Nn¥m[mcIfneqsS h¿§clnX kaqlØns‚ ASnØd thZ]pkvXI ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnIkn∏ns®Sp°phm≥ At±lØn\v km[n®p. kmºØnI AkaXzßƒ°pw \oXnclnXamb _‘ßƒ°pw FXnsc tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv ]mSn ]Tn∏n® {]ikvXamb Km\amWv "[\hm\pw emkdpw' F∂ ]m´v (eqt°m 16:19-˛31). AXns‚ A¥y]mZßƒ [\hpw _ehpw \jvSs∏Sp∂Xns\°pdn®v {]hNn°p∂p: ""[\hmt\, _ehmt\, [\w t]mIpw _ew t]mIpw, kvt\lw am{Xw \ne\n¬°pw''. [\hpw _ehpw F√mw \jvSs∏Spw F∂pw kvt\lw am{Xw \ne\n¬°pw F∂pw temIsØ Adnbn°p∂p. kvt\lØn¬ A[njvTnXamb Hcp temIsØ°pdn®p≈ {]Xo£bmWnXv . BtKmf apXemfn-

86


ØØns‚ \nehnep≈ LS\Iƒ kmaqlnI \oXnsb sh√phnfn°p∂hbpw òXns∏SpØp∂XpamWv. am\hcmin°v KpWIcamb BtKmf kmºØnI cwKw C\nbpw Bhn¿`hn°Wsa∂v B{Kln°p∂p. 4. km¿∆ euInI kmtlm-Zcyw kaqlØn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂ Zmcn{Zyw apXemfnØØns‚ krjv S nbmWv . kmºØnI km{amPyXzw a’cm[njv T nX ]ptcmKXnbpsSXmWv. \nkzm¿∞hpw kvt\lØne[njvTnXhpamb km¿∆ euInI kmtlmZcysØ°pdn®v kÌƒ ]Tn∏n°Wsa∂v At±lw \n¿t±in°p∂p. kzm¿∞Xbpw hy‡n]cXbpw apXemfnØ kaqlØns‚ khntijXIfmWv. CXv kº∂ Zcn{Zt`Zw hf¿Øp∂p. "A\oXn \nd™ kmaqlnI LS\IfpsS ÿm\Øv \oXn ]q¿Æamb GItemI kaqlw kwPmXamIWw'20. "Zcn{Zsc hfsc ]n∂nem°ns°m≠v kº∂¿°ßs\bßv apt∂m´p t]mIm≥ Ignbn√. Hcp XeØnes√¶n¬ as‰mcp XcØn¬ Zcn{Z¿ kº∂cpsS B t]m°ns\ Ańadn°pw'21 F∂mWv {]Xo£. kºØns‚ t]cnep≈ sshhn[yw Bcw`n°p∂Xv a\pjy\nse Bhiym[njvTnX (Need-based) XXzØn¬ \n∂pw AXym{Klm[njvTnX (Greed based) kao]\Ønte°v IpXn®pb¿∂t∏mgmWv.22 ""apXemfnØw `qanbnse hn`hßsf NqjWw sNøp∂p. tbmKyXbp≈hs‚ am{Xw \ne\n¬∏v F∂Xv amdWw. [m¿ΩnIambn Pohn°p∂Xn¬ ]cmPbs∏´hcpsS AXnPoh\hpw Iq´mb ImcyhnNmcIXzhpw AXymhiyamsW∂v''23 At±lw IcpXp∂p. tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ thZimkv{X⁄\mbn Adnbs∏Sp∂p. F∂m¬ At±lØns‚ kmaqlnI hniIe\ ]mShw AXoh t{ijvTamWv. kmaqlnI hniIe\ßfpw hymJym\ßfpw hnkvacn°p∂ thZhmb\Iƒ°v XeapdIsf AXnPohn°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√. thZimkv{X hn⁄m\obØn¬ kmaqlnI A]{KY\w A¿∞]q¿Æambn ka\zbn∏n® tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ kmaqlnI imkv{X⁄≥ F∂\nebn¬ Adnbs∏SWw. Atacn°bnse kmºØnI amµysØ°pdn®v ("BtKmfkmºØnI amµyw' F∂Xv am[ya krjvSn) kmºØnI imkv{X⁄cmcpw {]hNn®nń√. F∂m¬ tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ 1950 apX¬ apXemfnØØns‚ XI¿®bpw Atacn°bnse kmºØnI {]Xnk‘nbpw ⁄m\ZrjvSnbneqsS Dƒs°m≠ncp∂p. Hcp Z¿i\w t]mse At±lØns‚ FgpØpIfnepw {]`mjWß-


87

fnepw CXv apJy {]tabambn. {]hmNI ZrjvSntbmsS At±lw hniZoIcn®n´p≈ "kmºØnI XI¿®bpsS' cq£amb {]Xnk‘n Ct∏mƒ apJmapJw Xncn®dnbpIbmWv. 5. D]-kw-lmcw tUm. Koh¿§okv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS kmºØnI Z¿i\Øns‚ thZimkv{XhniIe\ßƒ hntamN\w, kzmX{¥yw, \oXn, ]¶nSn¬, kvt\lw F∂o hnjbßfn¬ hnIkn®XmWv. ChbpsS ]p\¿hmb\bmWv anj≥, kmaqlnI \oXn, ]¶nSo¬, h¿§clnX kaqlw, aXmXoX B≤ymflnIX F∂o Z¿i\ßfn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂Xv. F√m aXßsfbpw aXclnXtcbpw "kvt\l°qSmcØn¬'24 H∂n∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ Z¿i\amWv Ass{XX kn≤m¥Ønepw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv . CXv kv t \lØns‚ GIaXamWv (One Religion of Love). "kvt\lw ssZhØns‚ \nXy D◊bmWv. B ssZhnI kvt\lw ]¶phbv°emWv. CXmWv Fs‚ XXzimkv{Xsa∂v tUm. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm Dd∏n®p hy‡am°p∂p25. Ct∏mƒ AXv Ass{XX ^ntemk^nbnte°v hf¿∂p26. CXv {XnXz\ntj[nIƒ°p≈ kn≤m¥w IqSnbmWv27. ]ckv]c kvt\lØnt‚XmWv {XnXz amXrI. {XnXzØn¬ klXpeyXbpw (Co-equality), klkØbpw (Co-essentiality), kl\nXyXbpw (Co-eternity), kv t \lØn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂Xn\m¬ sshhn[yan√. IΩyqWnkØns‚ \ncoizcXzhpw Iym∏n‰enkØns‚ \n¿a\pjyXzhpw F√mh¿°pap≈ Ah\h\nkhpw amdn kvt\ltemIw hcWsa∂mWv At±lw B{Kln°p∂Xv. kmºØnI AkaXzßfn√msX \oXn]q¿∆w kºØv ]¶nSp∂ kvt\lm[njvTnX B≤ymflnIX {]Ncn∏n°phm≥ sXmÆq‰n aq∂mw hb nepw ""kvt\lIqSmcØnse {]hmNI≥'' \mhpw XqenIbpw i‡ambn hn\ntbmKn°p∂p.28 ASn°pdn∏pIƒ 1.

amthen°cbn¬ 1918 Unkw_¿ 9\v P\n®p. thZimkv{X⁄\pw Zm¿i\nI\pw. Theology of Classless Society (1979), The Sin of Being Rich in a Poor World (1983), Sharing God and Sharing World (1995), One Religion of Love (2000), Atraita Theology (2007) F∂o IrXnIƒ A¥¿t±iob {]ikvXn t\Sn. 2. Atacn°bn¬ kmºØnI amµyØns‚ {]mcw`w 2007 Pqsse apXemWv. 2008 sk]v‰w_dn¬ CXv cq£ambn. 2010 epw XpScp∂p. CXn\v apºp≈ Xo{hamb kmºØnI amµyw 1928˛1933 ImeL´ØnemWv. 3. AXv I¿ØmhmIp∂p, 2002, t]Pv 246 4. Ipcninte°v XncnbpI, 1998, t]Pv 51, cf. \mep `qJ-WvU-ß-fn-eqsS \mev]Xp bm{X-Iƒ, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1993, t]Pv 205.

88


5. Ibid, p.52 6. \n¿Ω\pjyXzw AYhm {]mtbmKnI \ncoizcXzw, 1981 7. a\pjyZ¿i\Øns‚ \o¿®mepIƒ, 1995, t]Pv 55 8. `qhnemtijw, 1983, t]Pv 139 9. kphntij ZuXyhpw ÿnXn kaXzhpw, 1988, t]Pv 118 10. Ibid, p.42 11. Zcn{ZtemIØn¬ [\hm\mbncn°p∂Xv ]m]w, 2008, t]Pv 78 12. Ibid, p.80 13. aq∂mw kl{km_vZØn¬ kvt\lØns‚ GIaXw, 1999, t]Pv 18 14. Ibid, p.19 15. Ibid 16. Ibid, pp.24-25 17. k`bpw kmaqlnI {]Xn_≤Xbpw, 1997, t]Pv 233 18. ssZhkvt\lw {]XnIcWhpw {]tbmKhpw, 2007, t]Pv 141 19. AXv I¿ØmhmIp∂p, 2002, t]Pv. 246 20. k`bpw kmaqlnI {]Xn_≤Xbpw, 1997, t]Pv 233 21. Ibid, p.233 22. Zcn{ZtemIØv [\hm\mbncn°p∂Xv ]m]w, 2008, t]Pv 40 23. Ibid, p.83 24. \nXy kvt\l°qSmcw, CfImØIp‰n, s]m´mØ Ib¿, kn. Fkv. Fkv, 2009 25. aq∂mw kl{km_vZØn¬ kvt\lØns‚ GIaXw, 1999, Cf. Atraita Theology and One Religion of love, 2007. 26. ssZhw H∂√, c≠√, aq∂√. kvt\lamWv. B kvt\lw {XotbI\mWv. (Trinity). kzm¿∞X \nd™ temIØv Bhiyw ]¶nSp∂ kv t \lamWv . AXns\bmWv Ass{XXw F∂v hntijn∏n°p∂Xv. "ss{XXw' aq∂mWv. Ass{XXw aq∂√mØ Ahÿ. Ass{XXw˛aq∂√mØ ssZhw F∂v hymJym\n°mw. AXv {XotbI ssZhamWv. 27. ssZhkvt\lw {]XnIcWhpw {]tbmKhpw, 2007, t]Pv 144 28. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 2009-˛¬ Zcn-{Z-cpsS FÆw 43.6 Zi-e-£-ambn (4.4 tImSn) Db¿∂p F∂v 2010 sk]v‰w-_¿ 16-˛\v bp.-F-kv. sk≥kkv _yqtdm dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXp. 2009-˛se IW-°n≥ {]Imcw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Ggn¬ Hcmƒ Zmcn-{Z-Øn-em-Wv. kmºØnI amµy-sØ-Xp-S¿∂p-≠mb {]iv\-ß-fmWv Zmcn{Zyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. http://money.cnn.com/2010/09/16/news/economy/census_poverty_rate/index.htm

(20 sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010)


89

13

{]m¿∞\bpsS {]Imiw1 tUm.

Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØ hn{iathfIƒ ]pkvXI cN\bv°mbn hn\ntbmKn°mdp≠v. Ah ]eXpw ssZhimkv{X{KŸßfmWv. Cw•ojnepw aebmfØnepw ]pkvXIßƒ! Ahbn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambXmWv "CShnSmsX {]m¿∞n∏o≥' (1998), "90 XncphN\ {]m¿∞\Iƒ' (2004) F∂o {KŸßƒ.2 CShnSmsX PmKcn°phm\mbn GgpZnhksØ Ggpbmaßƒ°mbn 49 {]m¿∞\Ifpw Hcp "A\pZn\ {]m¿∞\bpw tN¿Øv A≥]Xp {]m¿∞\IfmWv "CShnSmsX {]m¿∞n∏o≥' F∂ {KŸØn¬ Dƒs°m≈n®ncn°p∂Xv. GgpZnhktØbv°p≈ a≤yÿ{]m¿∞\Ifpw tN¿Øn´p≠v. "90 XncphN\ {]m¿∞\Iƒ' F∂ {KŸØn¬ P\phcn 1 apX¬ am¿®v 31 hscbp≈ thZ]pkvXI ASnÿm\ {]m¿∞\IfmWv. thZ]pkvXIØnse hnhn[ `mKßfn¬ \n∂pap≈ [ym\hpw {]m¿∞\bpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ coXn imkv{XamWv CXn¬ kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. thZ`mKßfpsS kw£n]vXw, ImenIamb hymJym\w, lrZbkv]¿inbmb {]m¿∞\ F∂nh Hmtcm Znhkhpw Dƒs°m≈n®ncn°p∂p. Hcp h¿jtØ°p Xømdm°p∂ XncphN\ {]m¿∞\bpsS BZy`mKamWnXv. Chbn¬ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS kmaqlnI Z¿i\hpw ssZhimkv{X ho£Whpw {]Xnên°p∂p. ssZhtØmSp≈ `mhhn\nabamWv {]m¿∞\. AXv A\p`hn®v AdnbWw. {]m¿∞\bn¬ ]q¿Æambpw i‡ns∏SWw. {]m¿∞\bpsS A¥kØ PohnXØn¬ Bgambn A\p`hn®dn™ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ Hkv X mØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm kz¥w ssienbn¬ cNn® thZm[njvTnXamb Cu [ym\˛{]m¿∞\Iƒ

90


P\lrZbßfn¬ ]pXnb ImgvN∏mSv krjvSn°pw. Hcp I¿ΩtbmKnbpsS kmaqlnI ssZhimkv{X Z¿i\ßfpsS ka\zbamWv Cu {]m¿∞\Ifn¬ kv ] µn°p∂Xv . "kzm¿∞ tI{µamb am^nbmamtc am\km¥cs∏SpØWta', "]pXnb \q‰m≠v kvt\lØns‚ \q‰m≠mbn \ne\n¬°Wta. kvt\lØns‚ lrZbam°n k`tbbpw temItØbpw cq]m¥cs∏SpØWta. PmXnh¿K hcºpIƒ°XoXambn F√mhtcbpw kvt\ln∏m≥ Rßsf ]Tn∏n°Wta...' {]m¿∞\bv°v ]pXnb Xeßƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂p. A≥]tXmfw h¿jsØ ssZhimkv{X A≤ym]\Ønepw hnhn[ thZimkv { X {KŸßfnepw Db¿Øn∏nSn® "{XnXzm[njv T nX kmaqlnI Z¿i\'hpw "h¿KclnX kaqlsØ'°pdn®p≈ ImgvN∏mSpw kvt\lØmep≈ ssZhoIcW'hpw Cu [ym\˛{]m¿∞\Ifnepw {]Xnên°p∂p. ssZhimkv { X {KŸßfn¬ AhXcn∏n® Kl\amb Bibßƒ {]m¿∞\mcq]Øn¬ efnXambn {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv hfsc {it≤bamWv. "temIw ]eh´w \n¿Ωqeam°m≥ aXnbmb t_mw_pIƒ \n¿Ωn®ncn°p∂ temI cmjv{Sßsf kam[m\ cmPyßfm°Wta (sNm∆m aq∂mw aWn), Hcp h¿K clnX k¥pjvS kaqlw temIw BsI hf¿Øphm≥ klmbn°Wsa (_p[≥ {]`mXw), XmWhsc Db¿Øn h¿K clnX kaqlw D≠m°Wta (P\phcn 6) F∂nXymZn {]m¿∞\Ifn¬ \oXn]q¿∆amb cmjv{S \n¿ΩmW {]{InbIƒ°mbn bmNn°p∂p≠v. B[p\nI apXemfnØhyhÿnXnsb adn®n´v GhcptSbpw hnIk\w B{Kln°p∂ tZiob Kh¨sa‚pIsfbpw sFIycmjv { SsØbpw i‡oIcn°Wsa (sh≈n {]`mXw), C∂sØ hyhÿnXn amdn \oXnbpw kzmX{¥yhpw kvt\lØns‚ Ccphißfnembn \n¬°p∂ \ns‚ cmPyw hcWsa (i\n H≥]Xmw aWn), B[p\nI apXemfnXzØns‚ sX‰mb hißsf ZqcoIcn∏m≥ _yqtdm{Im‰vkn\p am\hnIXbpsS alXzw tkh\ØnemsW∂v ImWn°Wta (s^{_phcn 7) F∂o {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ Zcn{ZtcmSv ]£w tNcp∂ Z¿i\amWv i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.' "I®hSØmepw BtKmfhXvIcWØmepw XmWhsc D]tbmKn®v kºØpw i‡nbpw hf¿Øp∂hsc hntamNn∏n°p∂ s]klm D≠m°Wsa (P\phcn 6), [\hm∑m¿°v FXncmbn i‡ambn {]hNn°p∂ Bflmb kphntijItcbpw sshZnItcbpw Fgpt∂ev∏n°Wta (s^{_phcn 10), temI{]Imcw tImSoizc∑mcmIm\p≈ Xmev]cyw F√m lrZbßfn¬ \n∂pw ZqcoIcn°Wsa (s^{_phcn 17).'


91

]mcºcyambn tI´p ]cnNbn® {]m¿∞\mssienbpw hnjbkwthZ\hpw ]pXnb A¿∞Ønepw `mhØnepw ]p\xkrjvSn°p∂Xn¬ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm kzoIcn® kao]\w A`n\µ\w A¿ln°p∂p. kpdnbm\n {]m¿∞\Ifnse \nc¥camb kv X pXnIfpw hntijhntijWßfpw h¿Æ\Ifpw Cu {]m¿∞\Ifn¬ shfns∏Sp∂n√. ]Icw hnjbØns‚ ka{KXeßƒ kq£vaambn A]{KYn®ncn°p∂p. Cu [ym\ {]m¿∞\Iƒ sNm√p∂hcn¬ i‡amb a\xkm£n°pØp≠mIphm≥ ]cym]vXamb {]m¿∞\Iƒ [mcmfw D≠v. kz¥w IpńIsf kvIqfn¬ hnSphm≥ km[n°mØ Ab¬°msc AhKWn®v, kz¥w IpńIsf henb ôkpsImSpØv ]Tn∏n°p∂h¿°v IcpWbpsS lrZbw \¬IWsa (Xn¶ƒ HºXmw aWn). hntZi \mWyØn\p kº∂ SqdnÃpIsf BI¿jn°m≥ Ãm¿ tlmépIfpw aZyjm∏pIfpw ssewKnIXbv°p≈ kuIcyßƒ D≠m°p∂ Zcn{Z cmPyßƒ F{X henb k∑m¿KnI A[x∏X\amWv D≠m°p∂sX∂v IÆpXpd∂v ho£n∏m≥ Kh¨sa‚pIsfbpw Sqdnkw hnIk\ Un∏m¿´psa‚pIsfbpw XpWbv°Wsa (i\n aq∂mw aWn), tªUv Iº\nbn¬ \n∂v ISsaSpØv BfllXybv°p XømdmIp∂hsc c£n°phm≥ ISw ho´p∂ Feoimamsc Fgpt∂¬∏n°Wsa (P\phcn 30), ssZh CjvSØn\v hncp≤amb kzm¿∞XtbmSpIqSn hntZiØp IjvSs∏´v kºmZn®v Ab°p∂ [\klmbw \√Imcyßƒ°pth≠n D]tbmKn∏m≥ klmbn°Wsa (P\phcn11). kaqlØns‚ ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\pw am\km¥cØn\pw t{]cn∏n°p∂ A\h[n {]m¿∞\Iƒ i‡amb `mjbn¬ CXn¬ tIm¿ØnW°nbncn°p∂p. kaqlØns‚ hnhn[ aWvUeßfnte°pw kmlNcyßfnte°pw {]m¿∞\bpsS IÆpIƒ FØnt®cp∂p. At\I tImSn P\ßƒ C∂pw \nc£ccmbn Ignbp∂ `mcXtØmSv IcpW tXm∂Wta (Xn¶ƒ aq∂mwaWn). RßfpsS kpJ PohnXØn\pth≠n tdmUn¬ Xm¿ C´pw sNfnbn¬ Irjn sNbvXpw ^mIvSdnIfn¬ tPmen sNbvXpw klmbn°p∂ sXmgnemfnItfmSp Rßƒ \µn ImWn°Wsa (sNm∆ kqØmd), \qdp hoSpIƒ hbv°m\p≈ ]Ww H‰hoSn\mbn sNehgn®v hoSv h®tijw Zcn{Z¿°pth≠n {]m¿∞n°pI am{Xw sNøp∂hsc am\km¥cs∏SpØWsa (_p[≥ a≤ym”w), `n£°mcn¬ ImWp∂ `n£mS\ PohnXw XpScm\p≈ sX‰mb Zpjv]cnNbw am‰phm≥ XpWbv°Wsa

92


(_p[≥ H≥]XmwaWn), hr£ßƒ shńbpw \neßƒ Icbm°nbpw sh≈s∏m°w C√mXm°nbpw P\s∏cp∏w apJm¥ncw H´phfsc {]iv\ßƒ D≠m°nbncn°p∂ RßtfmSv £an°Wta (P\phcn 11). tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\nbpsS thZimkv{X hniIe\ßƒ hntamN\w, kzmX{¥yw, \oXn, ]¶nSo¬, kvt\lw F∂o hnjbßfn¬ hnIkn®ph∂hbmWv. ChbpsS ]p\¿hmb\bmWv anj≥, kmaqlnI \oXn, h¿KclnX am\hnIX, {XnXzm[njvTnX ]¶nSo¬, aXmXoX B≤ymflnIX XpSßnb thZimkv{X ImgvN∏mSpIfn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂Xv. _u≤nI Xeßfnse thZimkv{X Z¿i\ßƒ°v a\pjapJhpw kmaqlnI ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p≈ kw{IaWi‡nbpw ]Icphm≥ tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS thZimkv{X Z¿i\ßƒ°p km[n®p. Chbv°v {]m¿∞\bpsSbpw [ym\Øns‚bpw Bflmhv ]I¿∂Xv thZhmb\bv°p≈ ]pØ≥ A\p`hamIp∂p. F√m aXhnizmkßfnepw A¥¿eo\amb kvt\lØns‚ thZimkv{X hniIe\ØnemWv tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm Ct∏mƒ {i≤ tI{µoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. "kvt\lØns‚ GIaXw', "kvt\lØmep≈ ssZhoIcWw' XpSßnbhbn¬ kv t \lØns‚ hnizZ¿i\amWv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. thZimkv{XØns‚ hnime ImgvN∏mSn\pw FIypsa\n°¬˛aXm¥c kwhmZØn\pw \qX\amb hmb\bpw t{]cWbpw ]Icp∂ Z¿i\ßfmWnh. aXmXoX B≤ymflnI Z¿i\ßƒ°v shfn®w ]Icp∂ {]m¿∞\Iƒ ⁄m\Øns‚bpw kvt\lØns‚bpw Znhy{]ImiamWv. "Aßsbt∏mse Rßfpw PmXn hyXymkßƒ°v AXoXcmbn F√mh¿°pw \∑sNøp∂hcmIWsa' (am¿®v 4), aXØns‚ t]cn¬ a‰p aXÿsc D]{Zhn°p∂ F√mhtcbpw am\km¥cs∏SpØWta (am¿®v 14)... Cßs\ aXmXoX Z¿i\ßfnte°p≈ am¿§tcJ {]m¿∞\bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw {it≤bamWv. ""hnhn[ hnizmkßƒ Hcp kvt\lsa∂ t_m[yw Rßsf ]Tn∏n°Wsa. kvt\lØns‚ GIaXw Rßƒ°v \¬IWsa. hnizmkØmep≈ \oXoIcWtØ°mƒ DZmØw kv t \lØmep≈ ssZhoIcWamsW∂v 21˛mw \q‰m≠nse¶nepw kÌsf ]Tn∏n°Wta (am¿®v 19)''. "HmwImchpw ]c{_“hpw B¬^bpw HtaKbpw Bb {XntbI ssZhta' (am¿®v 30) F∂ A`nkwt_m[\ aX_lpe kwkvImc-


93

Ønse "]pXnb BImiØns‚bpw ]pXnb `qan'bpsSbpw DZmØamb Z¿i\amWv. PohnXØnse F√m AhkcØnepw CXnse thZ]T\ßfpw {]m¿∞\Ifpw {]tXyIamtbm, bma{]m¿∞\ItfmsSm∏tam sNm√n [ym\n°mhp∂XmWv. kzm¿∞em`w e£yam°p∂Xpw kmaqlnI {]iv\ßsf hnkvacn°p∂Xpamb Icnkvam‰nIv DW¿hv {]m¿∞\m ssienIƒ°v Cu {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ sh√phnfn Db¿Øp∂p. ae¶ck`bpsS c≠mbncw h¿jsØ ss]XrIØn¬ Bcm[\m kmlnXyØn\v e`n°p∂ X\Xp{]m¿∞\IfmWnXv. {]m¿∞\bpsS aq∂mw IÆv Xpd∂v ]pØ≥ Dƒ°mgvN B≤ymflnI PohnXØn¬ e`n°p∂Xn\v Ch hgnbpw shfn®hpamWv, {]m¿∞\m ssien°v Poh\pw ssNX\yhpw ]Icp∂ Cu {]m¿∞\m {KŸßƒ B≤ymflnIXbv°v kmaqlnI am\w krjvSn°phm≥ ]cym]vXat{X. ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 90 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°v Fgp-Xnb Bap-Jw, kn. Fkv. Fkv. Xncp-h√ 2004, t]Pv viii-xi 2. {]Xn-Zn\ [ym\hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \mev {KŸ-ßƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®n-´p-≠v. {KŸ-kq-NnI ImWp-I. (25 HIvtSm-_¿ 2004) 1.

94


14

am¿ HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS cN-\-Iƒ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Student’s Companion, Study Department of the Orthodox Student Conference, 1952 New life in an Old Church, Orthodox Syrian Church, Calcutta, 1963 Jesus Christ and the New Humanity, Orthodox Book House, Kottayam, 1966 My Lord and My God, St. Paul’s Books, Mavelikara, 1971; C.S.S, Tiruvalla, 2005 Talks to Modern Youth, Orthodox Church, Malaysia, 1972 Forty Questions Answered, St. Paul’s Books, 1977 Theology of a Classless Society, (a) Luther work Press, London, (English Edition) 1979, (b) Orbis, U.S.A., 1980 (American Edition), (c). Luthersches Vertagshes, Hamburg, 1980 (German Edition), (d) C.L.S., Madras, 1980, (e) CSS, Tiruvalla, 2004 Communion in the Body of Christ, St. Paul’s Books Depo., Mavelikara, 1981 Sin of Being Rich in a Poor World, C.L.S, Madras, 1983; CSS, Tiruvalla, 2003 Sharing God and a Sharing World. a) ISPCK, New Delhi, 1995. b) CSS Book, Tiruvalla 1999. Radiance of faith, Divyabodhanam publications, Kottayam, 1991 Daily Prayers, Malankara Orthodox Mission Board Publications, Mavelikara, 2000 One Religion of love, CSS, Tiruvalla, 2003 Atraita Theology and one religion of love, CSS Tiruvalla, 2007 aq∂p hnizm-k-k-Xy-ßƒ, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v _p°v lukv, tIm´bw, 1956. Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p, kn. F¬. Fkv, Xncp-h-√, 1963 Xpd∂ IØn\v adp-]-Sn, ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn, tIm´bw, 1968 ssZhw Ds≠-∂p sXfn-bn-°m-tam?, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v _p°v lukv, tIm´-bw, 1968 {InkvXob Imcy-hn-Nm-c-I-Xzw, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1972


95

20. A\p-Zn\ a∂, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v _p°v lukv, tIm´bw, 1977 21. \otbm ssZh-Øns‚ a\p-jy-\m-bp-t≈m-th...., \ncWw `{Zm-k\ {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww, 1978 22. ssZh-hn-fn, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1979 23. c£ {InkvXp-hn¬ am{X-tam?, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1980 24. Imh¬°mcm cm{Xn F¥mbn? (FUn) ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv anj≥ t_m¿Uv, 1980 25. \n¿Ω-\p-jyXzw AYhm {]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-cX - zw, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1981 26. `qhn-e-ti-jw, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1983 27. hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn-°, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1984 28. hnizm-k-Zo-]vXn, Znhy-t_m-[-\w, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv, sk-an-\m-cn, tIm´-bw, 1985 29. Xq°p-I-´, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1986 30. kv t \ln- ° , hN\w {]kw- K n- ° p- I , sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1987 31. [¿Ω-Zo-]vXn, Znhy-t_m-[-\w, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\m-cn, tIm´-bw,. 1987 32. kphn-ti-jhpw ÿnXn-k-a-Xz-hpw, kn. F¬. Fkv, Xncp-h-√, 1989 33. sX -tem-\nIy teJ\w Hcp hymJym-\w, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\m-cn, tIm´-bw, 1990 34. h¿K-c-lnX kaq-lw, Ub-temKv _pIvkv, IÆq¿, 1990 35. CtXm, a\p-jy-tijn hnI-k-\w, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°c, 1991 36. \mep `qJ-WvU-ß-fn-eqsS \mev]Xp bm{X-Iƒ, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1993 37. am^n-b, tkm^n-b, t•mdn-b, kn. F¬. Fkv, Xncp-h-√, 1993 38. a\p-jy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ \o¿®m-ep-Iƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw, t•mdnbm ]c-º-c, 1995 39. Nn¥-Iƒ kz]v\-ßƒ, t•mdnbm ]c-º-c, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1995 40. k`m-Nn-¥-Iƒ, t•mdnbm ]c-º-c, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1995. 41. kvt\l-kva-c-W-Iƒ, t•mdnbm ]c-º-c, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1996 42. k`bpw kmaqly {]Xn-_≤ - X - b - pw, Znhy-t_m-[\ - w, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\m-cn, tIm´-bw, 1997 43. hN\w Xncp-h-N-\w, kn.-F-kv.-F-kv., Xncp-h-√. 1997 44. kph¿Æ Pq_nen kvac-W-Iƒ, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1997 45. ssZhw kvt\l-am-Ip∂p AYhm {XntbI ssZhw F√m-h¿°pw ssZhw, ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv anj≥ t_m¿Uv {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww, amth-en-°-c, 1998

96


46. Ipcn-in-te°p Xncn-bp-I, ss{IkvXh kmln-Xy-k-an-Xn, Xncp-h-√, 1998. 47. CS-hn-SmsX {]m¿∞n-∏o≥, sk‚ v t]mƒkv _p°v Unt∏m, amth-en-°-c, 1998 48. {]kw- K - ] o- T - Ø nse kph¿Æ- t c- J - I ƒ, ss{Ikv X h kmlnXy kan- X n, Xncp-h-√, 1999 49. F{^bow adn-®n-SmØ tZmi, Utbm-kn-j≥ _p°v sk‚¿, _Y\n Ac-a-\, Xncp-h-√, 1999 50. aq∂mw kl- { km- _ v Z - Ø n¬ kv t \l- Ø ns‚ GI- a Xw, anj≥ t_m¿Uv , amth-en-°-c, 1999 51. k`m Pohn-Xw km£yw B[p-\nI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ, kn.-F-kv.-F-kv. Xncp-h-√, 2003 52. 90 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥, amth-en-°-c, 2005 53. 91 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, kn. Fkv. Fkv. Xncp-h-√, 2005 54. 92 Xncp-h-N\ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, kn. Fkv. Fkv. Xncp-h-√, 2007 55. ssZh-kvt\-lw {]Xn-I-c-Whpw {]tbm-K-hpw. sk‚ v t]mƒkv, amth-en-°-c, 2007. 56. Ass{XX ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw kvt\l-Øns‚ GI-a-Xhpw, Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw, 2007 57. Zcn{Z temI-Øn¬ [\-hm-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]w, kn. Fkv. Fkv, Xncp-h-√, 2008 58. \nXy-kvt\-l-Iq-Sm-cw, kn. Fkv. Fkv, Xncp-h-√, 2009. 59. tkmjy-en-k-Øns‚ ssZh-im-kv{Xw, kn.-F-kv.-F-kv. Xncp-h-√, 2011

Dissertations 1. A Comparative study of the concepts of Incarnation and Avathara 2.. Concept of Sin and Salvation in Ramayana and in the Fourth Gospel 3. Christology of St. Athanasios 4. Concept of Avathara in Gita and in New Testament Books/Souvenir about Dr. Geevarghese Mar Osthathios 1. Triune God - Love Justice Peace, K. M. Tharakan (ed), Ocym, Mavelikara, 1989 2. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkns‚ a\p-jy-Z¿i-\w, tXmakv \oem¿aTw (FUn), [n£W _pIvkv, Im¿Øn-I-∏≈n 1991 3. am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv AioXn P∑-Zn-\-˛-sa-{Xm≥ ÿm\m-tcm-lW cP-X-Pq-_nen kvac-Wn-I, \ncWw `{Zm-k-\w, 1999. 4. AXv I¿Øm-hm-Ip-∂p, tXmakv \oem¿aTw (FUn), IΩyq-Wn‰n eoU¿jn∏v ût≠-j≥, tIm´-bw, 2002 5. kvt\l kwth-Z\w, ^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icn-ßm-ń¬, t_m[n _pIvkv, ]¥-fw, 2010 Web Pages www.geevarghesemarosthathios.org (A]q¿Æw) 30-˛11-˛2010

Sneha Samvedhanam - Marthoman TV

Sneha Samvedhanam - Marthoman TV

Suggest Documents

Morning - Marthoman TV

Parisudha Kanyaka Mariam - Marthoman TV

Sneha Poster

Sneha et al., 2016

sneha kalpana: a pharmaceutical review

MUSIC FOR CHANGE WITH USHA UTHUP - Sneha

The social construction of `dowry deaths - Sneha

How to reach Snehadaan - Sneha Care Home

001.TV 01.TV 02.TV 0A

Tv

TV or not TV?

pharmaceutico-analytical study of trividha sneha paka of ksheera bala ...

A qualitative study of the background and in-hospital ... - Sneha

LED LCD TV / LCD TV / PLASMA TV - Frys.com

LED LCD TV / LCD TV / PLASMA TV - Home Theater HDTV

LED LCD TV / LCD TV / PLASMA TV - LG Electronics

sneha-(sunday-book)13-Mar-16 .pdf - Google Drive

sneha-(sunday-book)13-Mar-16 .pdf - Google Drive

LED, LCD, Plasma TV, and TV Accessories

lcd tv plasma tv owner's manual - produktinfo.conrad

LCD TV OWNER'S MANUAL PLASMA TV - static.highspeedb...

Catalonia TV System and Social TV

lcd tv plasma tv owner's manual - produktinfo.conrad

Instruction Manual TV-DVD1390 TV-DVD2090 - pdfstream ...