CHAPTER 1 Basic VLSI Design - wbuthelp.com

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CHAPTER 1. Basic VLSI Design. +. DRAIN. Vdd. - n Type. Silicon. SOURCE. Figure 1.1: The beginning of the n-channel JFET ...
CHAPTER 1 Basic VLSI Design

+ DRAIN

Vdd -

n Type Silicon SOURCE

Figure 1.1: The beginning of the n-channel JFET

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3 : p-channel JFET

Fig.1.4 Schematic Symbols . Polysilicon Gate

SiO2 Insulator

D

L W Drain

Source p+

channel

G

G

SB

p+

S

n substrate

substrate connected to V DD

p transistor

Polysilicon Gate

SiO2 Insulator

D

L

D

W Drain

Source n+

channel

G

SB G

n+

S

p substrate

n transistor Figure 1.5 Physical structure of MOS transistors and their schematic icons

S substrate connected to GND

D

N

G

D

G

S

S

Figure 1.6(a): NMOS-transistor

D

P

G

D

G

S

S

Figure 1.6(b): P-transistor

. -G

D

C

G Figure 1.6 (c ): C-switch

.

S

.

VDD

In

Out

Gnd Inverter

Figure 1.7: Transistor schematic of a static complementary inverter.

vdd a

b

vdd a a

o/p

o/p

b

b vss

a

b vss

Fig 1.8 NOR gate schematic

Fig. 19. NAND gate schematic

F1

Q1

D

Cg F Figure 1.10: A dynamic latch circuit.

. Wire segments

Figure 1.11(a): Wires and wire segments.

n-type

p-type

Figure 1.11(b): Schematic symbols for transistors

VDD VDD Pullup Network (p-transistors) Inputs

Out

In

Out

Pulldown Network (n-transistors) Gnd Gnd

Inverter

Figure 1.12: General CMOS Layout structure, Circuit and the Layout diagram of CMOS Inverter.

VDD

In

Out

VSS Figure 1.13: Stick diagram

Metal p-diff n-diff poly Figure 1.14: Stick diagram symbols

Table 1.1 Rules for possible interactions between layers.

VDD

Input voltage In CL

t Gnd Inverter

Figure 1.15: The inverter circuit used for delay analysis

VDD

In CL

t Gnd Inverter

Figure 1.16: Circuit used for power consumption analysis VDD Id,p IL Id,n

a

output CL

b Gnd

Figure 1.17: A pseudo-nMOS NOR gate

VDD

t1

b

t2

a

Figure 1.18: A circuit model for stuck-open faults.

CL

W1 i1 i2

A D

i3 i4

B

i5 i6 i7 i8

C

W2

F

O1

G

O2

E

Figure1.19: Testing for combinational faults.

Row-based

Symmetrical Array

Interconnect Interconnect

Logic Block

Logic Block

Interconnect Overlayed on Logic Blocks

Interconnect

Sea-of-Gates

Hierarchical PLD

Fig. 1.20 Commercially available FPGA architectures 1 PO

2 PO

4 PI

3 PO

5 PI

8 PI

6

9PI

10PI

7

11PI

Fig 1.21 Initial 3-restricted DAG 1

2

3

4

5

10 11

8

9

Fig. 1.22 Mapping of the 3-restricted DAG by four 3-LUTs connection between wire segments in x and y axes and also vias.

Fig.1.23

3-D FPGA architecture

CHAPTER 2 VLSI CAD BEHAVIOR

System

STRUCTURAL

Register transfer

Processors, Memories

Algorithms, flowcharts

Logic

Registers, flipflops, MUX Gates

Register Transfer

Circuit

Boolean expression Transfer function

Transistors

Cell layout

Modules

Boards PHYSICAL

Figure 2.1: Y-chart

CHAPTER 3 Partitioning in High Level Synthesis A_PORT

B_PORT

START CLK M_OUT

DONE

Entity MULT is Port (A_PORT, B_PORT: in bit _ vector(3 down to 0); M_PORT: out bit _vector (7 down to 0); CLK: in BIT START: in BIT DONE: out BIT; ); end MULT;

Architecture SHIFT_MULT of MULT is begin begin process variable A,B,M: BIT_VECTOR variable COUNT: INTEGER begin wait until (START =1) A:= A_PORT; COUNT :=0; B:=B_PORT; DONE