Demonstration of a multiview projection display using

Demonstration of a multiview projection display using decentered microlens arrays Lawrence Bogaert,,∗ Youri Meuret, Stijn Roelandt, Aykut Avci, Herbert De Smet,, and Hugo Thienpont  Brussels

Photonics Team, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium  Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium  Centre for Microsystems Technology, imec, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium [email protected]

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(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26093

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26094

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Image steering projection screen Beam steering

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26095

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Screen dimensions

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Microlens specifications

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26096

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System architecture DLP projector with LED light sources

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26097

16

1.25 Steering angle Full-angle divergence

1.20

12

1.15

10

1.10

8

1.05

6

1.00

4

0.95

2

0.90

0

Full-angle divergence (deg)

Steering angle (deg)

14

0.85 0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26099

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26100

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26101

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26102

1 Odd numbers

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Normalized intensity

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26103

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Discussion

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

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26104

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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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µ P WR  µ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

Conclusion

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#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26105

7KH VFUHHQ KDV D GLDJRQDO RI  LQ DQG FRQWDLQV PLFUROHQVHV ZLWK D IRRWSULQW RI  µ P ZKLFK FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH SLWFK RI WKH SL[HOV LQ WKH LPDJHV WKDW DUH SURMHFWHG RQWR LW 7KH GHFHQWHU EHWZHHQ WKH PLFUROHQVHV UDQJHV EHWZHHQ  µ P DQG  µ P 7KLV HQDEOHV EHDP VWHHULQJ IURP ◦ WR ◦ ZLWK D IXOODQJOH EHDP GLYHUJHQFH RI ◦  7KH SURMHFWRU VKRZV DOO YLHZ LPDJHV LQ IXOOFRORU DW D UHIUHVK UDWH RI  +] 7R DFFRPSOLVK WKLV ZH KDYH GHVLJQHG D '/3 SURMHFWRU ZLWK /(' OLJKW VRXUFHV 7KH PRYLQJ OHQV VKHHW LQ WKH SURMHFWLRQ VFUHHQ LV LPSOHPHQWHG DV D PDVVVSULQJ V\VWHP WKDW RVFLOODWHV DW  +] 7KH UHVXOWLQJ SURWRW\SH VKRZV D WRWDO RI  YLHZLQJ ]RQHV ZLWK ;*$ UHVROXWLRQ ZLWKLQ D KRUL]RQWDO ILHO RI YLHZ RI ◦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cknowledgments 7KLV ZRUN LV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH 5HVHDUFK )RXQGDWLRQ  )ODQGHUV ):29ODDQGHUHQ  :H DOVR DF NQRZOHGJH WKH ,QGXVWULDO 5HVHDUFK )XQGLQJ ,2)  WKH 0HWKXVDOHP DQG +HUFXOHV IRXQGDWLRQV 98%*2$ DQG WKH 2=5 RI WKH 9ULMH 8QLYHUVLWHLW %UXVVHO /DZUHQFH %RJDHUW LV LQGHEWHG WR ):29ODDQGHUHQ IRU DQ $VSLUDQW JUDQW

#136027 - $15.00 USD

(C) 2010 OSA

Received 8 Oct 2010; revised 23 Nov 2010; accepted 23 Nov 2010; published 30 Nov 2010

6 December 2010 / Vol. 18, No. 25 / OPTICS EXPRESS 26106