Guest Editorial Special Section on Advanced ... - IEEE Xplore

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 65, NO. 3, MARCH 2016

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Guest Editorial Special Section on Advanced Powertrains for More Electric Vehicles

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DVANCED traction and propulsion systems are developing in order to ensure better energy performance, reduced operating cost, and higher lifetime of future transportation systems like road vehicles, as well as more electric trains, subways, ships, and airplanes. Such a powertrain integrates several complex subsystems (including power or energy sources, electric machines, power electronics, mechanical transmission), and it becomes mandatory to consider the whole system in order to reach the best performance. The IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) is an annual conference of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS). The Tenth VPPC was held in Coimbra, Portugal, in October 2014. There were 187 papers submitted and 159 papers accepted and presented at the conference. In order to further promote research excellence in vehicle power and propulsion, in collaboration with the 2014 IEEE VPPC team, a Special Section of the IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON V E HICULAR T ECHNOLOGY has been organized to focus on stateof-the-art research and development, as well as future trends in modeling, design, control, and optimization of advanced power and propulsion systems for modern transportation systems. The papers submitted to this Special Section had to offer substantial novel contributions beyond the previous work presented in the conference paper (a substantial change of more than 50%). A pre-selection of 19 conference papers has been realized, and their authors have been invited to submit extended papers. Submitted papers from Europe have been managed by Prof. Loïc Boulon (University of Trois-Rivières, Canada) and Prof. C. C. Chan (University of Hong Kong, China). Papers from Asia have been managed by Dr. Theo Hofman (Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands). Papers from the United States have been managed by Prof. Alain Bouscayrol (University of Lille, France). Papers co-authored by the Guest Editors of this Special Section have been sent to other Associate Editors by the Editor-in-Chief. Each paper has been associated with a minimum of three independent reviewers from countries other than those of the author. In the end, six papers were accepted for this Special Section among 12 submissions from the 19 pre-selected papers from the IEEE-VPPC’14. The Energy Storage System (ESS) is a key issue in the development of electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Most of the papers submitted to this Special Section discussed aspects that were related to the ESS, from the modeling of the components to the charging infrastructure and energy demand analysis. The first paper deals with

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TVT.2016.2526760

improvement of the batteries at low temperature. The second and third papers investigate charging systems: one paper for an EV application and the other paper for subways. The fourth and firth papers propose models for energy demand of EVs for developing the charging infrastructure. The sixth paper deals with a robust control of HEVs, including changes in the mechanical transmission design. In “Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles: An Experimental Analysis of Performance Improvements at Subzero Temperatures,” by P. Kiel, M. Englberger, and A. Jossen, electric vehicles based on high-energy lithium-ion batteries often exhibit a substantial loss in performance at subzero temperatures. In this paper, two hybrid energy storage systems (H-ESS) are investigated to extend the driving range of EVs at various temperatures. Different strategies are discussed to take benefit of the secondary energy storage device. In “Operation Modes for the Electric Vehicle in Smart Grids and Smart Homes: Present and Proposed Modes,” by V. Monteiro, J. G. Pinto and J. L. Alfonso, the charging system of electric vehicles are developing to enable more services to the grid, such as grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G), or home-to-vehicle (H2V) operations, etc. In this paper, different charging modes are investigated using a new charging prototype. Experimental results are presented for various operation modes, both in steady-state and during transients. In “Comparison of Different EMR-based Models of Traction Power Substations for Energetic Studies of Subway Lines,” by C. Mayet, P. Delarue, A. Bouscayrol, E. Chattot, and J.-N. Verhille, simulation is a valuable way to develop innovative solutions for transportation systems such as subways, tramways, or trains. However, the modelling of a transportation power substation (TPS) is a complex task due to non-linear aspects. This paper thus proposes different TPS models for energetic studies. The different models are discussed in terms of computation time and accuracy on the energy consumption. In “Spatiotemporal Energy Demand Models for Electric Vehicles,” by Z. Yi and P. H. Bauer, the model of the energy demand of electric vehicles is required for the design of the charging infrastructure. In this paper, spatio-temporal formulations are derived from different scenarios to describe the dynamical and static features of the energy demand. The proposed charging model describes the probability of charging actions and, then, the energy needed in an urban area. In “Noncooperative and Cooperative Optimization of Electric Vehicles Charging Under Demand Uncertainty: A Robust Stackelberg Game,” by H. Yang, X. Xie, and A. V. Vasilakos, the energy charging uncertainty is an issue for the development and management of the charging infrastructure. In this paper,

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 65, NO. 3, MARCH 2016

two different robust approaches under demand uncertainty are proposed: a non-cooperative optimization and a cooperative design. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the robust solutions in uncertain environments. In “Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Robust Mode Transition Control for a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” by H. Zhang, Y. Zhang and C. Yin, for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles, problems of driveability are significant and difficult to solve due to clutch engagement during mode transitions. In this paper, a robust controller has been designed for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle to improve vehicle driveability. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation was performed to verify the proposed controller. We would like to thank Prof. Micheal Fang, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON V EHICULAR T ECHNOLOGY, for his support. We are also grateful to our reviewers, who dedicated their time to reviewing the submitted papers and provided many valuable suggestions to the authors. Finally, special thanks go to Prof. Paulo Pereirina, General Chair of IEEE-VPPC’14, and Prof. Joao Trovao and Prof. Christophe Espanet, co-chairs of the Technical Program Committee, for

their hard work in organizing a high-level scientific conference and ensuring the pre-selection of the papers. A LAIN B OUSCAYROL, Guest Editor, Lab of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics (L2EP), University of Lille, MEGEVH Network, France L OÏC B OULON, Guest Editor, Hydrogen Research Institute, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Canada T HEO H OFMAN, Guest Editor, Control System Technology group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands C. C. C HAN, Guest Editor, The Hong-Kong University, China

Alain Bouscayrol (M’02) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France, in 1995. From 1996 to 2005, he was an Associate Professor with University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, France, where he has been a Professor since 2005. From 1998 to 2004, he managed the Multi-machine Multi-converter Systems project of GdR-ME2MS: a national research program of the French National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS). Since 2004, he has managed the national network on Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (MEGEVH), France. His research interests at the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics (L2EP) include graphical descriptions (Energetic Macroscopic Representation, etc.) for control of electric drives, wind energy conversion systems, railway traction systems, hybrid electric vehicles, and hardware-in-the-loop simulation. His collaborative works with industry on energy management for vehicles include Siemens Mobility, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Nexter Systems, Valeo, and SNCF. Dr. Bouscayrol was General Chair of the IEEE Vehicle Power Propulsion Conference (VPPC) in September 2010, Lille, France. In January 2014, he was nominated Chair of the Vehicle Power Propulsion Technical Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society. Since February 2014, he has been appointed Associate Editor of IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON V EHICULAR T ECHNOLOGY.

Loïc Boulon (M’10) received the Master’s degree in electrical and automatic control engineering from University Lille 1, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France, in 2006 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France, in 2009. His thesis was in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST, Besançon, and the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, Univ. Lille 1, within MEGEVH, French network on hybrid electric vehicles. In 2009 and 2010, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Hydrogen Research Institute, University du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada, where, since 2010, he has been a Professor. His work deals with modeling, control, and energy management of multiphysics systems. His research interests include hybrid electric vehicles, energy and power sources, and fuel-cell systems. Prof. Boulon was general chair of the IEEE Vehicle Power Propulsion Conference held in Montreal, QC, Canada, in October 2015. Since 2016, he has been the Motor Vehicle VicePresident of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society and the holder of the Canada Research Chair in Energy Sources for the Vehicles of the Future.

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Theo Hofman was born on September 5, 1976. He received the M.Sc. (Hons.) and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in 1999 and 2007, respectively. He was a researcher and project manager with the Research and Development Department, Thales Cryogenics B.V., Eindhoven, from 1999 to 2003. From 2003 to 2007, he was a scientific researcher with Drivetrain Innovations B.V. (Punch Powertrain 2013+), Eindhoven. From 2007 to 2009, he was a post-doctoral fellow with the Control Systems Technology group. Since 2010, he has been an Assistant Professor with the Control Systems Technology group. His current research interests include developing model-based system design methods (integrated design of the physical and control system) that produce system-optimal designs for complex dynamical systems.

C. C. Chan (M’77–SM’77–F’92) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., HonDSc, and HonDTech degrees. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K.; the Chinese Academy of Engineering; The Ukraine Academy of Engineering Sciences; IET; and HKIE. He has had over 10 years industrial experience and over 40 years academic experience. He is currently the honorary professor and the former head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong. Dr. Chan is the founding president of the International Academy for Advanced Study, China, cofounder of the World Electric Vehicles Association, and President of the Electric Vehicles Association of Asia Pacific. He received the IEE International Lecture Medal in 2000 and has delivered lectures on electric vehicles worldwide. He was called the “Father of Asian Electric Vehicles” by Global View magazine in 2002. He was called the “Pitamaha (Grandfather) of Electric Vehicle Technology” in India at the IEEE Conference on Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in Pune in 2006. He received the Gold Medal from the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers in 2010, the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) Engineering Excellence Medal in 2013, and the Royal Academy of Engineering Prince Philip Medal in 2014. He serves as Senior Advisor to governments, academic institutions, and leading industries worldwide. He also serves as an Honorary/Visiting/Adjunct Professor at several well-known universities worldwide.