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Guest Editorial Special Section on Systems of Power Converters: Design, Modeling, Control, and Implementation OWER converters that are developed based on power electronic devices have advantages in terms of efficiency, power density, flexibility, etc. They have been widely and successfully used in modern power systems for energy conversion. To meet the requirements of applications, multiple power converters can be integrated together for subsystem/equipment development. Multiple such subsystems can be further connected to develop converter-interfaced microgrid, which will be important building blocks in a smart grid. To fully unlock the potentials of systems of power converters, both novel hardware designs (new device and new topology) and software designs (new modulation methods and new optimization and control algorithms) are needed. Hardware designs can improve potential capabilities of systems and software designs can fully unlock the potentials. Integrated hardware and software designs require the expertise of multiple disciplines, such as controls, power systems, and power electronics. Currently, big gaps exist between the theoretical, analytical, and experimental research disciplines. To develop advanced solutions for the challenging problems with systems of power converters, it is necessary for researchers of different background to work closely together. Such integrated research will not only promote research on the systems of power converters but also benefit future research on renewable energy, smart grid, and energy internet. In this Special Section on Systems of Power Converters: Design, Modeling, Control, and Implementation, we have 11 highquality papers approved for publication that cover the following three topics. 1) Converter Design and Operation. 2) Subsystem-Level Applications. 3) System-Level Applications. These topics and the corresponding papers are explained in the following sections of this Guest Editorial.
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I. CONVERTER DESIGN AND OPERATION High-performance applications require high-performance power converter, which calls for improved converter design and operation. In this section, four selected papers deal with new wide-bandgap device applications, new topology, and new modulation method are presented. 1) “On the practical design of a high power density SiC single-phase uninterrupted power supply system,” C. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Tan, J. Fang, F. Luo, and Y. Kang, Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TII.2017.2740225
designed a high-power density Silicon Carbide MOSFETbased single-phase system potential for uninterrupted power supply applications. To get the high-power density, the semiconductors, packaging, circuit topology, and thermal design are synthetically considered. A prototype is built and tested, by which the power density of the system and the maximal efficiency are verified to be improved significantly. 2) “A quasi-resonant switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with self-voltage balancing for single-phase highfrequency ac microgrids,” by J. Zeng, J. L. Wu, J. F. Liu, and H. F. Guo, presented a multilevel inverter (MLI) that is composed of a quasi-resonant switched capacitor (QRSC) circuit in the front end and an H-bridge circuit in the backend. Its self-voltage balancing capability is ideal for high-frequency ac microgrids. The quasi-resonance technique is utilized to suppress the current spikes, decrease the capacitance, increase their lifetimes, and reduce the electromagnetic interference. Analyzes and prototyping are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed QRSC MLI. 3) “A simple harmonic reduction method in multipulse rectifier using passive devices,” by F. Meng, X. Xu, and L. Gao, proposed a passive harmonic reduction method at dc link of multipulse rectifier. By properly defining the operating mode of the rectifier and optimizing the turn ratio of the interphase reactor (IPR), the total harmonic distortion of input line current can be significantly reduced. The proposed method is easy to use and its conduction losses are far less than that of the conventional double tapped IPR. Simulation and experimentation results demonstrated the performance of the proposed method. 4) “Study of the phase shift plus PWM control strategy based on a resonant bridge modular switched-capacitor converter,” by L. He and C. Cheng, presented a control strategy of phase shift plus pulse width modulation for a resonant bridge modular switched-capacitor converter. The proposed design targets at improving output voltage regulation, limiting the loop peak current within a proper range, and effectively control of the output voltage ripples. Through switching sequence optimization, zerocurrent and zero-voltage switching can be approached, which can further improve system efficiency. The
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performance of the proposed design is verified through both simulation and hardware experimentation. II. SUBSYSTEM-LEVEL APPLICATIONS One or more power converters can be used to develop distributed generators (DGs) and loads, which are subsystems of microgrid or smart grid. In this section, five selected papers deal with such subsystem-level applications are presented. 1) “Grid interfaced distributed generation system with modified current control loop using adaptive synchronization technique,” by A. B. Shitole, H. M. Suryawanshi, G. G. Talapur, S. Sathyan, M. S. Ballal, V. B. Borghate, M. R. Ramteke, and A. Chaudhari, proposed a modified current control loop using three phase amplitude adaptive notch filter for grid-interfaced distributed generation system. The control objectives are to achieve constant loading on the grid, transient-free operation, and power factor improvement of the utility grid during sudden load variations. The experimental results demonstrate the dynamic performance of the proposed control technique. 2) “An implementation of hybrid control strategy for distributed generation system interface using Xilinx system generator,” by S. J. Pinto, G. Panda, and R. Peesapati, presented a study and hardware-in-loop cosimulation design of a grid-connected inverter system with a combinational robust observer-based modified repetitive current controller. The objectives are to improve power quality and tracking performance of a DG interfacing system under various perturbations. Hardware-in-the-loop cosimulation is performed by realizing the power circuit in MATLAB/Simulink and a control structure using Xilinx system generator platform. 3) “Implementation of high-precision quadrature control for single-stage SECS,” by S. Kumar and B. Singh, presented a high-performance controller with power quality improvement capability for single-stage solar energy conversion system (SECS). A feed-forward loop is introduced to improve dynamic response of the SECS under various operating conditions. By integrating multiple functions, both energy efficiency and grid voltage support can be improved. The experiment results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. 4) “A cooperative operation of novel PV inverter control scheme and storage energy management system based on ANFIS for voltage regulation of grid-tied PV system,” by N. Mahmud, A. Zahedi, and A. Mahmud, developed a novel PID control scheme based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and an ANFIS-based energy management system for three-phase grid connected solar PV system to regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling under dynamic nonlinear operating conditions. Simulation results showed that the proposed solution is able to provide better dynamic cooperative performance than conventional solutions. 5) “Design and implementation of disturbance compensation-based enhanced robust finite control set predictive torque control for induction motor systems,” proposed a finite control set-based predictive torque
control (PTC) method for induction motor system. Targeting at problems with traditional PTC method, the disturbance observer-based (DOB) PTC approach improves the system disturbance rejection ability considering load torque disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and time delays. The simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. III. SYSTEM-LEVEL APPLICATIONS Multiple DGs and loads can be connected through distributed system to form a microgrid, which remains to be a focus of research on power and energy. This section includes two selected papers that deal with control and cyber security of microgrids. 1) “Robust finite-time control for autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid,” by Y. Xu, proposed a new control algorithm for frequency/voltage regulation and active/reactive power control of inverter-based microgrid. By designing separate control schemes for the master and slave DGs, robust and stable control performance can be achieved under load disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, and system parameter perturbations. The control algorithm can also enable flexible convergence time according to user preferences and different operating conditions’ requirements. 2) “Detection of false-data injection attacks in cyberphysical dc microgrids,” by O. A. Beg, T. T. Johnson, and A. Davoudi, proposed a framework to detect possible false-data injection attacks (FDIAs) in dc microgrids, a kind of cyber-physical system. The detection problem is formulated as identifying a change in sets of inferred candidate invariants. The candidate invariants generated by Hynger are compared with the actual invariants to successfully detect FDIA. Both simulation and experiment results are presented to evaluate the proposed method. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Guest Editors would like to thank the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, the authors, and the reviewers. They are also grateful to Prof. R. C. Luo, the TII Editor-in-Chief and Prof. M.-Y. Chow, the TII Co Editor-in-Chief for their constant help and support. WENXIN LIU, Guest Editor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
[email protected] JOSEP M. GUERRERO, Guest Editor Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg 9220, Denmark
[email protected] JANG-MOK KIM, Guest Editor Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241, South Korea
[email protected]
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Wenxin Liu (S’01–M’05–SM’14) received the B.S. degree in industrial automation, and the M.S. degree in control theory and applications from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 1996 and 2000, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Missouri University of Science and Technology (formerly University of Missouri–Rolla), Rolla, MO, USA, in 2005. Then, he was an Assistant Scholar Scientist with the Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, till 2009. From 2009 to 2014, he was an Assistant Professor with the Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. His research interests include power systems, power electronics, and controls. Dr. Liu is an Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID and an Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS. Josep M. Guerrero (S’01–M’04–SM’08–FM’15) received the B.S. degree in telecommunications engineering, the M.S. degree in electronics engineering, and the Ph.D. degree in power electronics from the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, in 1997, 2000, and 2003, respectively. Since 2011, he has been a Full Professor with the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, where he is responsible for the Microgrid Research Program (www.microgrids.et.aau.dk). He has also been a Guest Professor at the Chinese Academy of Science and the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics since 2012; a Chair Professor at Shandong University since 2014; a Distinguished Guest Professor at Hunan University since 2015; and a Visiting Professor Fellow at Aston University, U.K. since 2016, and a Guest Professor at the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interest is oriented to different microgrid aspects, including power electronics, distributed energy-storage systems, hierarchical and cooperative control, energy management systems, smart metering, and the Internet of Things for ac/dc microgrid clusters and islanded minigrids; his current research interest is focused on maritime microgrids for electrical ships, vessels, ferries and seaports. Prof. Guerrero is an Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, and the IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE, and an Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID and the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. He has also been a Guest Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS Special Issues: Power Electronics for Wind Energy Conversion and Power Electronics for Microgrids; the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS Special Sections: Uninterruptible Power Supplies systems, Renewable Energy Systems, Distributed Generation and Microgrids, and Industrial Applications and Implementation Issues of the Kalman Filter; the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID Special Issues: Smart DC Distribution Systems and Power Quality in Smart Grids; the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION Special Issue on Energy Conversion in Next-generation Electric Ships. He was the Chair of the Renewable Energy Systems Technical Committee of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. He received the best paper award of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion for the period 2014–2015, and the best paper prize of IEEE-PES in 2015. He also received the best paper award of the Journal of Power Electronics in 2016. In 2014, 2015, and 2016, he was awarded by Thomson Reuters as Highly Cited Researcher, and in 2015, he was elevated as IEEE Fellow for his contributions on “distributed power systems and microgrids.” Jang-Mok Kim (M’01) received the B.S. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, South Koera, in 1988, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1991 and 1996, respectively. From 1988 to 1989, he was a Research Engineer with Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI). From 1997 to 2001, he was a Senior Research Engineer with KEPRI. Since 2001, he has been a Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, PNU, where he is currently a Research Member of the Research Institute of Computer Information and Communication, a Faculty Member. In 2007, he joined as a Visiting Scholar the Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, where he has been a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering since 2001. From 2011 to 2013, he was the Elected Chair of Department of Electrical Engineering, PNU. Since 2011, he has been the Director of LG electronics Smart Control Center. His current interests include the control of electric machines, electric vehicle propulsion, and power quality. Prof. Kim elevated as a Fellow of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics (KIPE) in 2005. He was an Edition Staff of the Journal of Power Electronics, KIPE, in 2009. He received the outstanding paper award of the IEEE Metal Industry Committee of the Industry Application Society in 1997 and the best paper award of the Journal of Power Electronics, KIPE, in 2010.
